IEC TS 60034-27-2:2012

Rotating electrical machines - Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation of rotating electrical machines

IEC/TS 60034-27-2:2012(E) provides a common basis for:
- measuring techniques and instruments;
- the arrangement of the installation;
- normalization and sensitivity assessment;
- measuring procedures;
- noise reduction;
- the documentation of results;
- the interpretation of results with respect to partial discharge on-line measurements on the stator winding insulation of non-converter driven rotating electrical machines with rated voltage of 3 kV and up. Keywords: rotating electrical machines

General Information

• Status: Replaced
• Publication Date: 21-Mar-2012
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: WG 29 - TC 2/WG 29

Relations

• Revised: IEC 60034-27-2:2023 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC/TS 60034-27-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding
insulation of rotating electrical machines

IEC/TS 60034-27-2:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,

please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]

CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

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It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
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IEC/TS 60034-27-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding

insulation of rotating electrical machines

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-0056-8

– 2 – TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5

INTRODUCTION . 7

1 Scope . 9

2 Normative references . 9

3 Terms and definitions . 9

4 Nature of PD in rotating machines . 11

4.1 Basics of PD . 11
4.2 Types of PD in rotating machines . 12
4.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2 Internal discharges . 12
4.2.3 Slot discharges . 13
4.2.4 Discharges in the end-winding . 13
4.2.5 Conductive particles . 13
4.3 Arcing and sparking . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Arcing at broken conductors . 14
4.3.3 Vibration sparking . 14
5 Noise and disturbance . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Noise and disturbance sources . 14
5.3 Frequency domain separation . 15
5.4 Time domain separation . 16
5.5 Combination of frequency and time domain separation . 17
5.6 Gating . 17
5.7 Pattern recognition separation . 18
6 Measuring techniques and instruments . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Pulse propagation in windings . 19
6.3 Signal transfer characteristics . 19
6.4 PD sensors . 22
6.4.1 General . 22

6.4.2 Design of PD sensors . 22
6.4.3 Reliability of PD Sensors . 23
6.5 PD measuring device . 23
6.6 PD measuring parameters . 23
6.6.1 General . 23
6.6.2 PD magnitude . 23
6.6.3 Additional PD parameters . 24
7 Installation of PD on-line measuring systems . 24
7.1 General . 24
7.2 Installation of PD sensors . 24
7.3 Outside access point and cabling . 25
7.4 Installation of the PD measuring device . 26
7.5 Installation of operational data acquisition systems . 26
8 Normalization of measurements . 27

TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –

8.1 General . 27

8.2 Normalization for low frequency systems . 27

8.2.1 General . 27

8.2.2 Normalization procedure . 27

8.3 Normalization / sensitivity check for high & very high frequency systems . 29

8.3.1 Specification for the electronic pulse generation . 29

8.3.2 Configuration of the machine . 30

8.3.3 Sensitivity check . 30

9 Measuring procedures . 30

9.1 General . 30
9.2 Machine operating parameters . 31
9.3 Baseline measurement . 31
9.3.1 General . 31
9.3.2 Recommended test procedure . 31
9.4 Periodic on-line PD measurements . 32
9.5 Continuous on-line PD measurements . 33
10 Visualization of measurements . 33
10.1 General . 33
10.2 Visualization of trending parameters . 33
10.3 Visualization of PD patterns . 34
11 Interpretation of on-line measurements. 37
11.1 General . 37
11.2 Evaluation of basic trend parameters. 37
11.3 Evaluation of PD patterns . 38
11.3.1 General . 38
11.3.2 PD pattern interpretation . 38
11.4 Effect of machine operating factors . 39
11.4.1 General . 39
11.4.2 Machine operating factors . 39
11.4.3 Steady state load conditions . 39
11.4.4 Transient load conditions . 40
12 Test report. 41
Annex A (informative) Examples of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern . 44
Bibliography . 55

Figure 1 – Time domain disturbance separation by time of pulse arrival . 16
Figure 2 – Combined time and frequency domain disturbance separation (TF-map) . 17
Figure 3 – Idealized frequency response of a PD pulse at the PD source and at the
machine terminals; Frequency response of different PD measuring systems: a) low
frequency range, b) high frequency range, c) very high frequency range . 21
Figure 4 – Measuring object, during normalization . 28
Figure 5 – Arrangement for sensitivity check . 29
Figure 6 – Recommended test procedure with consecutive load and temperature
conditions . 32
Figure 7 – Example of visualization of trending parameters. 34
Figure 8 – Example of a Φ-q-n partial discharge pattern, with colour code for the pulse
number H(n)/s . 35

– 4 – TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E)

Figure 9 – Example of a three phase, phase shifted Φ-q-n plot . 36

Figure A.1 – Stylized examples of PD phase resolved patterns . 44

Figure A.2 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern, recorded during

laboratory simulation. 45

Figure A.3 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern, recorded during

laboratory simulation. 46

Figure A.4 – Example of delam
...

IEC/TS 60034-27-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding
insulation of rotating electrical machines
IEC/TS 60034-27-2:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: [e-mail].

IEC/TS 60034-27-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 27-2: On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding

insulation of rotating electrical machines

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-0056-8

– 2 – TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Nature of PD in rotating machines . 11
4.1 Basics of PD . 11
4.2 Types of PD in rotating machines . 12
4.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2 Internal discharges . 12
4.2.3 Slot discharges . 13
4.2.4 Discharges in the end-winding . 13
4.2.5 Conductive particles . 13
4.3 Arcing and sparking . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Arcing at broken conductors . 14
4.3.3 Vibration sparking . 14
5 Noise and disturbance . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Noise and disturbance sources . 14
5.3 Frequency domain separation . 15
5.4 Time domain separation . 16
5.5 Combination of frequency and time domain separation . 17
5.6 Gating . 17
5.7 Pattern recognition separation . 18
6 Measuring techniques and instruments . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Pulse propagation in windings . 19
6.3 Signal transfer characteristics . 19
6.4 PD sensors . 22
6.4.1 General . 22
6.4.2 Design of PD sensors . 22
6.4.3 Reliability of PD Sensors . 23
6.5 PD measuring device . 23
6.6 PD measuring parameters . 23
6.6.1 General . 23
6.6.2 PD magnitude . 23
6.6.3 Additional PD parameters . 24
7 Installation of PD on-line measuring systems . 24
7.1 General . 24
7.2 Installation of PD sensors . 24
7.3 Outside access point and cabling . 25
7.4 Installation of the PD measuring device . 26
7.5 Installation of operational data acquisition systems . 26
8 Normalization of measurements . 27

TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
8.1 General . 27
8.2 Normalization for low frequency systems . 27
8.2.1 General . 27
8.2.2 Normalization procedure . 27
8.3 Normalization / sensitivity check for high & very high frequency systems . 29
8.3.1 Specification for the electronic pulse generation . 29
8.3.2 Configuration of the machine . 30
8.3.3 Sensitivity check . 30
9 Measuring procedures . 30
9.1 General . 30
9.2 Machine operating parameters . 31
9.3 Baseline measurement . 31
9.3.1 General . 31
9.3.2 Recommended test procedure . 31
9.4 Periodic on-line PD measurements . 32
9.5 Continuous on-line PD measurements . 33
10 Visualization of measurements . 33
10.1 General . 33
10.2 Visualization of trending parameters . 33
10.3 Visualization of PD patterns . 34
11 Interpretation of on-line measurements. 37
11.1 General . 37
11.2 Evaluation of basic trend parameters. 37
11.3 Evaluation of PD patterns . 38
11.3.1 General . 38
11.3.2 PD pattern interpretation . 38
11.4 Effect of machine operating factors . 39
11.4.1 General . 39
11.4.2 Machine operating factors . 39
11.4.3 Steady state load conditions . 39
11.4.4 Transient load conditions . 40
12 Test report. 41
Annex A (informative) Examples of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern . 44
Bibliography . 55

Figure 1 – Time domain disturbance separation by time of pulse arrival . 16
Figure 2 – Combined time and frequency domain disturbance separation (TF-map) . 17
Figure 3 – Idealized frequency response of a PD pulse at the PD source and at the
machine terminals; Frequency response of different PD measuring systems: a) low
frequency range, b) high frequency range, c) very high frequency range . 21
Figure 4 – Measuring object, during normalization . 28
Figure 5 – Arrangement for sensitivity check . 29
Figure 6 – Recommended test procedure with consecutive load and temperature
conditions . 32
Figure 7 – Example of visualization of trending parameters. 34
Figure 8 – Example of a Φ-q-n partial discharge pattern, with colour code for the pulse
number H(n)/s . 35

– 4 – TS 60034-27-2 © IEC:2012(E)
Figure 9 – Example of a three phase, phase shifted Φ-q-n plot . 36
Figure A.1 – Stylized examples of PD phase resolved patterns . 44
Figure A.2 – Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern, recorded during
laboratory simulation. 45
Figure A.3 – Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern, recorded during
laboratory simulation. 46
Figure A.4 – Example of delamination between conductor and insulation PRPD pattern,
recorded during laboratory simulation .
...