IEC TS 60034-2-3:2013

Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC induction motors

IEC/TS 60034-2-3:2013 specifies test methods for determining losses and efficiencies of converter-fed AC induction motors within the scope of IEC 60034-1. The AC induction motor is then part of a variable frequency power drive system (PDS) as defined in IEC 61800-2, IEC 61800-4 or IEC/TS 61800-8. The additional harmonic losses determined by use of this technical specification are for comparison of different motor designs.

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-3: Méthodes d'essai spécifiques pour la détermination des pertes et du rendement des moteurs à induction en courant alternatif alimentés par convertisseur

La CEI/TS 60034-2-3:2013 spécifie les méthodes d'essai relatives à la détermination des pertes et du rendement des moteurs à induction en courant alternatif alimentés par convertisseur relevant du domaine d'application de la CEI 60034-1. Le moteur à induction à courant alternatif est alors considéré comme faisant partie intégrante d'un système d'entraînement électrique de puissance (PDS) à fréquence variable tel que défini dans la CEI 61800-2, la CEI 61800-4 ou la CEI/TS 61800-8. Les pertes supplémentaires par harmoniques déterminées en utilisant la présente spécification technique sont destinées à la comparaison des différentes conceptions de moteurs.

General Information

• Status: Replaced
• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2013
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: WG 28 - TC 2/WG 28
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 19-Mar-2020

Relations

• Revised: IEC 60034-2-3:2020 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed AC motors
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC/TS 60034-2-3


®


Edition 1.0 2013-11



TECHNICAL



SPECIFICATION



SPÉCIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
colour
inside


Rotating electrical machines –
Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency
of converter-fed AC induction motors

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 2-3: Méthodes d'essai spécifiques pour la détermination des pertes et
du rendement des moteurs à induction en courant alternatif alimentés
par convertisseur



IEC/TS 60034-2-3:2013

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IEC/TS 60034-2-3



®



Edition 1.0 2013-11







TECHNICAL





SPECIFICATION








SPÉCIFICATION



TECHNIQUE
colour

inside











Rotating electrical machines –

Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses and efficiency

of converter-fed AC induction motors




Machines électriques tournantes –

Partie 2-3: Méthodes d'essai spécifiques pour la détermination des pertes et


du rendement des moteurs à induction en courant alternatif alimentés

par convertisseur













INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

CODE PRIX S


ICS 29.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-1275-2



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013


CONTENTS


FOREWORD . 3

INTRODUCTION . 5


1 Scope . 7

2 Normative references . 7

3 Terms and definitions . 7

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 8

5 Basic requirements . 9

5.1 Instrumentation . 9
5.1.1 General . 9
5.1.2 Power analyzer and transducers . 9
5.1.3 Mechanical output of the motor . 10
5.2 Converter set up . 10
5.2.1 General . 10
5.2.2 Test converter set up for rated voltages up to 1 kV . 10
5.2.3 Testing with the converter for the final application . 11
6 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of converter-fed motors . 11
6.1 Test method (see Table 1) . 11
6.2 Method 2-3-A: Summation of losses with test converter supply . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Test procedure . 12
6.2.3 Efficiency determination . 13
6.3 Method 2-3-B: Summation of losses with specific converter supply . 14
6.4 Method 2-3-C: Input-output method . 14
6.4.1 Test set-up . 14
6.4.2 Test procedure . 14
6.4.3 Efficiency determination . 14
6.5 Method 2-3-D: Calorimetric method . 14
7 Other procedures . 14
Annex A (informative) Definition of the output voltage of the test converter . 15
A.1 Definitions and schematic . 15
A.2 Voltage reference and generation of output voltage waveform . 16
A.3 Checking in the time domain . 19

Bibliography . 21

Figure A.1 – Schematic for PDS . 15
Figure A.2 – Functional schematic for voltage generation system . 17
Figure A.3 – Sinusoidal voltage set point and linearity extension voltage . 17
Figure A.4 – Voltage set point and extended reference voltage . 18
Figure A.5 – Pulse pattern of motor terminal voltage (fundamental frequency 50 Hz;
switching triangle frequency 4 kHz) . 18
Figure A.6 – Magnification of marked area of Figure A.5 . 19
nd
Figure A.7 – Filtered inverter terminal voltage (fundamental frequency of 50 Hz; 2
order low pass filter 500 Hz / 0,7) . 19

Table 1 – Testing methods . 11

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TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013 – 3 –



INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________




ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –



Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses

and efficiency of converter-fed AC induction motors



FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
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• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC/TS 60034-2-3, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 2: Rotating machinery.

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– 4 – TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013


The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:


Enquiry draft Report on voting


2/1696/DTS 2/1719/RVC



Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in

the report on voting indicated in the above table.


NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found on the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the

IEC website.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
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related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International standard,
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IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

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TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013 – 5 –


INTRODUCTION


The objective of this technical specification is to define test methods for determining the

additional harmonic motor losses of converter-fed induction motors. These losses appear in

addition to the losses on nominally sinusoidal power supply as determined by the methods of

IEC 60034-2-1. Results determined according to this specification are intended to allow for

comparison of the harmonic losses of different AC induction motors when fed by converters.


In power-drive systems (PDS), the motor and the frequency converter are often manufactured

by different suppliers. While motors of the same design are produced in large quantities, they

may be operated from the grid or from frequency converters of many different types, supplied

by many different manufacturers. The individual converter properties (switching frequency, DC
link voltage level, etc.) may influence the system efficiency as well. It is impractical to
determine the additional harmonic motor losses for every combination of motor, frequency
converter, connection cable, output filter and parameter settings. Accepting that it is
extremely difficult to specify motor efficiency for converter operation, this specification
describes a limited number of approaches, depending on the voltage level and the rating of
the machine under test.
The procedures described in this specification result in a single number, the harmonic loss
ratio r , which is the ratio of the additional harmonic motor losses and the motor losses
HL
measured using a nominally sinusoidal voltage power supply.
The losses determined according to this specification are not intended to represent the losses
in the final application. They provide, however, an objective basis for comparing different
motor designs with respect to suitability for converter operation.
The methods in this technical specification apply to induction motors used with variable
frequency drives. However, the application to other AC motors or DC motors and converters,
is not excluded. The methods are mainly intended for motors fed by voltage source
converters.
In general, when fed from a converter, the motor losses are higher than during operation on a
nominally sinusoidal system. The additional harmonic losses depend on the spectrum of the
impressed converter output quantity (either current or voltage) which is influenced by its
circuitry and control method. For further information see IEC/TS 60034-25.
This technical specification is aimed at evaluating the additional harmonic motor losses
resulting from non-sinusoidal power supply and consequently the efficiency of the converter-
fed motor. It is not the purpose of this technical specification to define test procedures either
for power drive systems or for frequency converters alone.

This technical specification is applicable to motors rated for 50 Hz or 60 Hz fundamental
frequency. However, for other rated motor frequencies the test procedure may be applied
provided a suitable power source is available, e.g. a 4-pole motor used at 3 000 rpm can be
tested with 100 Hz and actual voltage rating.
Low-voltage motors
Experience has shown that the additional harmonic motor losses generally increase with load.
The methods in this technical specification are based on supplies from converters with pulse
width modulation (PWM) and constant pulse pattern. This is generally the case for voltage
source converters except for over-modulation. Such voltage source converters have by far the
largest market share in the low-voltage industrial drive market.
With respect to these types of converters and the growing need for verification of compliance
with national energy efficiency regulations, this technical specification introduces a so-called
test converter for testing low voltage motors.

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– 6 – TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013


In principle, the test converter is a voltage source with a clearly defined and reproducible

harmonic content to supply the machine under test. The motor efficiency is to be determined

at rated load for 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Defining 50 Hz or 60 Hz as test conditions has the

advantage of providing a direct comparison of motor efficiency for grid and converter

operation.


The above outlined test converter concept is a new approach to weigh the converter impact

on an electrical machine without being forced having the final converter for testing. By

releasing this technical specification, test facilities are invited to gain practical experience with

this approach and to provide feedback for further refinement of the test procedure.


Limitations for low-voltage motors and high-voltage motors with multi-level converters
It has to be noted that the test method described herein is only a standardized method
intended to give comparable efficiency figures for standardized test conditions. A motor
ranking with respect to suitability for converter operation may be derived, but it is not possible
to determine the actual motor losses for operation with a specific converter which would
require a test of the whole power drive system (PDS).
Deviations are also expected for motors driven by multi-level voltage source or current source
converters where the additional harmonic motor losses differ much more depending on speed
and load than for two-level voltage source converters. Hence the determination of losses and
efficiency should preferably use procedures where the motor is operated together with the
same converter with which it is driven in service.
Another option is the determination of the additional harmonic motor losses by calculation. If
this is requested by the customer, the converter manufacturer has to provide the pulse pattern
for the motor manufacturer.

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TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013 – 7 –


ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –



Part 2-3: Specific test methods for determining losses

and efficiency of converter-fed AC induction motors








1 Scope


This technical specification specifies test methods for determining losses and efficiencies of
converter-fed AC induction motors within the scope of IEC 60034-1. The AC induction motor
is then part of a variable frequency power drive system (PDS) as defined in IEC 61800-2,
IEC 61800-4 or IEC/TS 61800-8.
The additional harmonic losses determined by use of this technical specification are for
comparison of different motor designs, but they are not appropriate to be used for efficiency
determination of a PDS in a driven application with its wide range of torque versus speed
operating points.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-2-1:2007, Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-1: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-2-2, Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-2: Specific methods for determining
separate losses of large machines from test – Supplement to IEC 60034-2-1
IEC 61000-2-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-4: Environment – Compatibility
levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances
IEC/TS 61800-8, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 8: Specification of

voltage on the power interface
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1, IEC 60034-
2-1 as well as the following apply.
3.1
motor losses with converter supply
when powered by a converter, motor losses are a combination of losses caused by
fundamental frequency (usually 50 Hz or 60 Hz) and losses caused by the converter
harmonics

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– 8 – TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013


3.2

fundamental losses

fundamental losses in the motor can be segregated into five different components: iron losses

(varying with motor frequency and applied fundamental voltage), friction and windage losses

(varying with motor speed), rotor winding losses, stator winding losses and additional load

losses (all three varying with motor current). Fundamental losses are the losses of a motor

running with rated voltage at fundamental frequency (usually 50 Hz or 60 Hz), without any
harmonics.


3.3
harmonic losses

harmonic losses are produced in the motor by the non-sinusoidal voltage and current

waveforms generated by the converter and are in addition to the fundamental losses of iron,
rotor-winding, stator-winding and additional-load loss.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document the symbols given in IEC 60034-2-1, IEC TS 61800-8 as
well as the following apply.
PWM Pulsewidth modulation,
f Frequency, Hz,
f Fundamental motor frequency, Hz,
Mot
f Rated motor frequency, Hz,
N
f Switching frequency, Hz,
sw
f Maximum frequency of measuring equipment, Hz,
r
–1
n Speed, s
p Number of pole pairs,
P Constant losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at nominally
C
sinusoidal power supply, W,
Constant losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at test-
P
CC
converter supply, W,
P Iron losses at rated frequency, W,
fe
P Friction and windage losses at rated speed, W,
fw
P Friction and windage losses at synchronous speed, W,
fw0
P Total additional harmonic motor losses, W,
HL

P Load-dependent part of the additional harmonic motor losses, W,
HL Load
P Constant part of the additional harmonic motor losses, W,
HL No-Load
P Additional load losses at rated load according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method
LL
2-1-1B at nominally sinusoidal power supply, W,
P Additional load losses at rated load according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method
LLC
2-1-1B at converter supply, W,
P Residual losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at nominally
Lr
sinusoidal power supply, W,
P Residual losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at converter
LrC
supply, W,
P Rotor winding losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at
r
nominally sinusoidal power supply, W,
P Stator winding losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at
s
nominally sinusoidal power supply, W,

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TS 60034-2-3 © IEC:2013 – 9 –


P Total losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B at nominally

Tsin

sinusoidal power supply, W,

P Total losses according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007, method 2-1-1B when supplied
T test-converter

by the test converter, W,


P Input power at nominally sinusoidal power supply, W,
1

P Input power at converter supply, W,
1C

P Output power at nominally sinusoidal power supply, W,
2

P Output power at converter supply, W,

2C

r Ratio of harmonic voltage losses related to nominally sinusoidal voltage losses
HL
expressed in percentage and rounded to a full number,
s Slip,
T Machine torque at sinusiodal power supply, Nm,
T Machine torque at converter supply, Nm,
C
U Fundamental motor voltage, V,
Mot
U Rated motor voltage, V.
N
5 Basic requirements
5.1 Instrumentation
5.1.1 General
In the case of AC machines, unless otherwise stated in this technical specification, the
arithmetic average of the three line currents and voltages shall be used.
When testing electric motors under load, fluctuations in the output power and other measured
quantities may be unavoidable. Therefore for each load point several measurements over a
period of time (approximately 30 s) shall be simultaneously sampled and the average of these
values shall be used for the determination of efficiency.
Considering the harmonics involved in converters feeding AC motors and their contribution to
the motor losses, the measuring equipment has to be selected according to the range of
relevant frequencies with sufficient accuracy.
For temperature measurements a thermo-sensor installed in the hot-spot may be optionally
used, as described in IEC 60034-2-1:2007.

5.1.2 Power analyzer and transducers
The instrumentation for measuring power and current at the motor’s input shall basically meet
the requirements of IEC 60034-2-1:2007, but due to higher frequency components the
following additional requirements have to be met.
The nominal accuracy of the power meters shall be 0,2 % or better at 50 Hz/60 Hz and 0,5 %
up to a frequency f of at least:
r
f = 10 × f for PWM converter output.
r
sw
The measurement range shall be chosen adequately in relation to the measured currents and
voltages.
It is preferred to feed current and voltage directly into the power analyser. If an external
current transducer is required, no conventional current transformers shall be used. Instead,
wide bandwidth shunts or zero-flux transducers shall be used.

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...