IEC 60584-1:2013

Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

IEC 60584-1:2013 specifies reference functions and tolerances for letter-designated thermocouples (Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C and A). Temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90 (symbol t90), and the EMF (symbol E) is in microvolts. The reference functions are polynomials which express the EMF, E in V, as a function of temperature t90 in °C with the thermocouple reference junctions at 0 °C. Values of EMF at intervals of 1 °C are tabulated in Annex A. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995 and constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following changes:
- IEC 60584-1:1995 and IEC 60584-2:1982 have been merged;
- the standard is now explicitly based on the reference polynomials which express thermocouple EMF as functions of temperature. The tables derived from the polynomials are given in Annex A;
- inverse polynomials expressing temperature as functions of EMF are given in Annex B, but inverse tables are not given;
- the range of the polynomial relating the EMF of Type K thermocouples is restricted to 1 300 °C;
- values of the Seebeck coefficients are given at intervals of 10 °C;
- thermoelectric data (EMF and Seebeck coefficients) are given at the fixed points of the ITS-90;
- some guidance is given in Annex C regarding the upper temperature limits and environmental conditions of use for each thermocouple type.

Couples thermoélectriques - Partie 1: Spécifications et tolérances en matière de FEM

La CEI 60584-1:2013 spécifie les fonctions de référence et les tolérances associées aux couples thermoélectriques désignés par une lettre (Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C et A). Les températures y sont exprimées en degrés Celsius selon l'Échelle Internationale de Température de 1990, EIT-90 (symbole t90) et les FEM (symbole E), en microvolts. Les fonctions de référence sont des polynômes qui expriment la FEM, E en V, en fonction de la température t90 en °C, les jonctions de référence des couples thermoélectriques étant placées à 0 °C. L'Annexe A présente, sous forme de tableau, les valeurs de la FEM tous les 1 °C. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 1995. Elle constitue une révision technique. Elle inclut les modifications suivantes:
- les CEI 60584-1:1995 et CEI 60584-2:1982 ont été fusionnées;
- la norme repose désormais de manière explicite sur les polynômes de référence qui expriment la FEM des couples thermoélectriques en fonction de la température. L'Annexe A donne les tables dérivées des polynômes;
- l'Annexe B donne les polynômes inverses, qui expriment la température en fonction de la FEM, mais ne donne pas les tables inverses;
- le domaine de température du polynôme exprimant la FEM des couples thermoélectriques de Type K est limité à 1 300 °C;
- la valeur du coefficient de Seebeck est donnée tous les 10 °C;
- les données thermoélectriques (FEM et coefficients de Seebeck) sont fournies aux points fixes de l'EIT-90;
- l'Annexe C donne des lignes directrices concernant les limites supérieures de température et les conditions d'environnement lors de l'utilisation de chaque Type de couple thermoélectrique.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Aug-2013
• ICS: 17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
• Technical Committee: SC 65B - Measurement and control devices
• Drafting Committee: WG 5 - TC 65/SC 65B/WG 5
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 28-Aug-2013
• Completion Date: 15-Sep-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60584-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Thermocouples –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

Couples thermoélectriques –
Partie 1: Spécifications et tolérances en matière de FEM

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IEC 60584-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Thermocouples –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

Couples thermoélectriques –
Partie 1: Spécifications et tolérances en matière de FEM

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XB
ICS 17.200.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1047-5

– 2 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Terms and definitions . 7
3 Thermocouple designations . 8
4 EMF – Temperature reference functions . 9
5 Thermocouple tolerances . 14
6 Thermoelectric values at the fixed points of the ITS-90 . 15
Annex A (informative) Tables for EMF as a function of temperature . 17
Annex B (informative) Inverse polynomial functions . 57
Annex C (informative) Guidance on the selection of thermocouples . 64
Bibliography . 68

Table 1 – Thermocouple types . 9
Table 2 – Type R reference function . 10
Table 3 – Type S reference function . 11
Table 4 – Type B reference function . 11
Table 5 – Type J reference function . 11
Table 6 – Type T reference function . 12
Table 7 – Type E reference function . 12
Table 8 – Type K reference function . 13
Table 9 – Type N reference function . 13
Table 10 – Type C reference function . 14
Table 11 – Type A reference function . 14
Table 12 – Thermocouple tolerances . 15
Table 13 – EMF and Seebeck coefficients of the thermocouples at the fixed points of
the ITS-90 (EMF: upper row, Seebeck coefficient: lower row) . 16
Table A.1 – Type R: Platinum - 13 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5) . 17
Table A.2 – Type S: Platinum-10 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5) . 21
Table A.3 – Type B: Platinum-30 % rhodium / platinum-6 % rhodium (1 of 4) . 26
Table A.4 – Type J: Iron / copper-nickel (1 of 4) . 30
Table A.5 – Type T: Copper / copper-nickel (1 of 2) . 34
Table A.6 – Type E: Nickel-chromium / copper-nickel (1 of 3) . 36
Table A.7 – Type K: Nickel-chromium / nickel-aluminium (1 of 4) . 39
Table A.8 – Type N: Nickel-chromium-silicon / nickel-silicon (1 of 4) . 43
Table A.9 – Type C: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-26 % rhenium (1 of 5) . 47
Table A.10 – Type A: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-20 % rhenium (1 of 5) . 52
Table B.1 – Type R Inverse function coefficients . 58
Table B.2 – Type S Inverse function coefficients . 59
Table B.3 – Type B Inverse function coefficients . 59
Table B.4 – Type J Inverse function coefficients . 60
Table B.5 – Type T Inverse function coefficients . 60

60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
Table B.6 – Type E Inverse function coefficients . 61
Table B.7 – Type K Inverse function coefficients . 61
Table B.8 – Type N Inverse function coefficients . 62
Table B.9 – Type C Inverse function coefficients . 62
Table B.10 – Type A Inverse function coefficients . 63
Table C.1 – Recommended maximum temperature of use, t / °C . 64
max
Table C.2 – Environmental recommendations and limitations of the conductors . 66
Table C.3 – Neutron irradiation effects . 67

– 4 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
THERMOCOUPLES –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60584-1 has been prepared by sub-committee 65B: Measurement
and control devices, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement,control
and automation.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1995. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) IEC 60584-1:1995 and IEC 60584-2:1982 have been merged;
b) the standard is now explicitly based on the reference polynomials which express
thermocouple EMF as functions of temperature. The tables derived from the polynomials
are given in Annex A;
c) inverse polynomials expressing temperature as functions of EMF are given in Annex B, but
inverse tables are not given;
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
d) the range of the polynomial relating the EMF of Type K thermocouples is restricted to
1 300 °C;
e) values of the Seebeck coefficients are given at intervals of 10 °C;
f) thermoelectric data (EMF and Seebeck coefficients) are given at the fixed points of the
ITS-90;
g) some guidance is given in Annex C regarding the upper temperature limits and
environmental conditions of use for each thermocouple type.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
65B/873/FDIS 65B/888/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60584 series, under the general title Thermocouples can be found
on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard relates the electromotive force (hereafter abbreviated as EMF)
generated by the designated thermocouple types to temperature, based upon the International
Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).
The reference polynomials for Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K and N are those used in the previous
edition of this standard, IEC 60584-1:1995 . They were originally produced by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology of the USA and published in NIST Monograph 175,
1993.
The major revision of this version is standardization of two kinds of tungsten-rhenium
thermocouple, designated Type C and Type A. Both of them have been used in industry for a
long time. Temperature versus EMF relationships for Type C and Type A are those published
in the ASTM E230/E230-M12 and GOST R 8.585-2001 standards, respectively.
This edition merges two parts of the former IEC 60584 series, IEC 60584-1:1995 (Reference
tables) and IEC 60584-2:1982 (Tolerances) and supersedes both standards.
IEC 60584-3:2007 remains valid.
—————————
See Bibliography.
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
THERMOCOUPLES –
Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60584 specifies reference functions and tolerances for letter-designated
thermocouples (Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C and A). Temperatures are expressed in
degrees Celsius based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90 (symbol t ),
and the EMF (symbol E) is in microvolts.
The reference functions are polynomials which express the EMF, E in µV, as a function of
temperature t in °C with the thermocouple reference junctions at 0 °C. Values of EMF at
intervals of 1 °C are tabulated in Annex A.
For convenience of calculating temperatures, inverse functions are given in Annex B which
express temperature as functions of EMF within stated accuracies.
This International Standard specifies the tolerances for thermocouples manufactured in
accordance with this standard. The tolerance values are for thermocouples manufactured
from wires, normally in the diameter range 0,13 mm to 3,2 mm, as delivered to the user and
do not allow for calibration drift during use.
Annex C gives guidance on the selection of thermocouples with regard to temperature range
and environmental conditions.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
thermoelectric effect
Seebeck effect
production of an electromotive force (EMF) due to a temperature gradient along a conductor
2.2
Seebeck coefficient of a thermocouple
change in EMF of a thermocouple combination per unit of temperature change, being the first
derivative of EMF with respect to temperature.
Note 1 to entry: The Seebeck coefficient dE/dt , is expressed in µV/°C.
2.3
thermocouple
pair of conductors of dissimilar materials joined at one end and forming part of an
arrangement using the thermoelectric effect for temperature measurement
2.4
measuring junction
junction of the thermocouple subjected to the temperature to be measured

– 8 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
2.5
reference junction
junction of the thermocouple at a known (reference) temperature
Note 1 to entry: For the specified EMFs of this standard, the reference temperature is 0 °C.
2.6
tolerance
maximum initial permissible deviation from the EMF specification of this standard
Note 1 to entry: The tolerance is expressed as the temperature equivalent in degrees Celsius Celsius (°C).
3 Thermocouple designations
When a thermocouple is identified by the materials of its conductors, the positive conductor
shall be listed first, thus: ‘positive conductor / negative conductor’.
The positive conductor is the conductor having a positive electric potential with respect to the
other conductor when the measuring junction is at a higher temperature than the reference
junction.
Table 1 lists the thermocouple types for which EMFs are specified in this standard. Each letter
designation of the table identifies the EMF-temperature reference function in the Tables 2 to
11. The designation may be applied to any thermocouple conforming to the relevant function
within the stated tolerances specified in Clause 5, regardless of its composition.
Conformity with alloy specification listed in this clause does not guarantee conformity with the
EMF-temperature relationship of this standard.

60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 9 –
Table 1 – Thermocouple types
Letter Elements and nominal alloy compositions by weight
designation Positive conductor Negative conductor
R Platinum – 13 % rhodium Platinum
S Platinum – 10 % rhodium Platinum
B Platinum – 30 % rhodium Platinum – 6 % rhodium
J Iron Copper – nickel
T Copper Copper – nickel
E Nickel – chromium Copper – nickel
K Nickel – chromium Nickel – aluminium

N Nickel – chromium – silicon Nickel – silicon
C Tungsten – 5 % rhenium Tungsten – 26 % rhenium
A Tungsten – 5 % rhenium Tungsten – 20 % rhenium
NOTE
– Standard alloy compositions have not been established for base metal thermocouple alloys except Type N,
but it should be noted that the compositions are not so critical as the matching of the positive and negative
conductor. In particular, the negative conductor of Type J, Type E and Type T thermocouples are generally
not interchangeable with each other. Likewise positive conductors of Type C and A are not necessary
interchangeable.
– For Type N thermocouple the following composition (percentages of total by weight) is recommended in
order to obtain the desired properties like good stability and oxidation resistance.
Positive conductor (known as Nicrosil): 13,7% to 14,7 % Cr%, 1,2 to 1,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than
0,05 % C, less than 0,01 % Mg, balance Ni.
Negative conductor (known as Nisil): less than 0,02 % Cr, 4,2 % to 4,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than
0,05 % C, 0,0 5% to 0,2 % Mg, balance Ni.

4 EMF – Temperature reference functions
The temperature and EMF relationships of this standard are defined by reference functions
which give EMF, E/µV, as a function of the temperature, t /°C, with a reference temperature
of 0 °C.
The reference function of polynomial form for each type of thermocouple, except for Type K in
the temperature range from 0 °C to 1 300 °C, is defined by the following equation.
n
i
E = a ×(t )
(1)
i 90
∑
i =0
where
E is EMF, expressed in microvolts (µV);
t is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C);
th
a is the i coefficient of the polynomial;
i
n is the order of the polynomial.
and n are dependent on the type of thermocouple and temperature range.
The values of a
i
Those for each thermocouple are given in the Tables 2 to 11.

– 10 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
For the Type K in the temperature range from 0 °C to 1 300 °C, the reference function is
defined by the following equation.
n
i 2
E = a × (t ) + c × exp[c × (t − 126,968 6) ]
(2)
i 90 0 1 90
∑
i =0
where
E is EMF, expressed in microvolts (µV);
t is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C);
th
a is the i coefficient of the polynomial;
i
n is the order of the polynomial;
c c are constants given in Table 8.
0, 1
Values of EMF are tabulated at intervals of 1 °C in Annex A.
Annex B gives inverse functions relating temperature to EMF within stated accuracies.
NOTE 1 Depending on the processing power available, rounding errors may arise in the calculations using these
polynomials. This can be avoided by using the technique of nested multiplication. Thus, form the product a t, add
n
a , multiply the result by t, etc, continuing through the series, finally adding a to obtain the result:
(n-1) 0
E = (.((a ⋅ t + a ) ⋅ t + a ) ⋅ t + . + a ) ⋅ t + a
n 90 (n−1) 90 (n−2) 90 1 90 0
Table 2 – Type R reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –50 °C to 1 064,18 °C ( n = 9 ) 1 064,18 °C to 1 664,5 °C ( n = 5 ) 1 664,5 °C to 1 768,1 °C ( n = 4 )
0 3 5
a 0,000 000 000 00 × 10 2,951 579 253 16 × 10 1,522 321 182 09 × 10
0 0 2
a 5,289 617 297 65 × 10 –2,520 612 513 32 × 10 –2,688 198 885 45 × 10
–2 –2 –1
a 1,391 665 897 82 × 10 1,595 645 018 65 × 10 1,712 802 804 71 × 10
–5 –6 –5
a –2,388 556 930 17 × 10 –7,640 859 475 76 × 10 –3,458 957 064 53 × 10
–8 –9 –12
a 3,569 160 010 63 × 10 2,053 052 910 24 × 10 –9,346 339 710 46 × 10
–11 –13
-
a –4,623 476 662 98 × 10 –2,933 596 681 73 × 10
–14
- -
a 5,007 774 410 34 × 10
–17
- -
a –3,731 058 861 91 × 10
–20
a 1,577 164 823 67 × 10 - -
–24
a –2,810 386 252 51 × 10 - -
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
Table 3 – Type S reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –50 °C to 1 064,18 °C ( n = 8 ) 1 064,18 °C to 1 664,5 °C ( n = 4 ) 1 664,5 °C to 1 768,1 °C ( n = 4 )
0 3 5
a 0,000 000 000 00 × 10 1,329 004 440 85 × 10 1,466 282 326 36 × 10
0 0 2
a 5,403 133 086 31 × 10 3,345 093 113 44 × 10 –2,584 305 167 52 × 10
–2 –3 –1
a 1,259 342 897 40 × 10 6,548 051 928 18 × 10 1,636 935 746 41 × 10
–5 –6 –5
a –2,324 779 686 89 × 10 –1,648 562 592 09 × 10 –3,304 390 469 87 × 10
–8 –11 –12
a 3,220 288 230 36 × 10 1,299 896 051 74 × 10 –9,432 236 906 12 × 10
–11
- -
a –3,314 651 963 89 × 10
–14
a 2,557 442 517 86 × 10 - -
–17
a –1,250 688 713 93 × 10 - -
–21
a 2,714 431 761 45 × 10 - -
Table 4 – Type B reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient 0 °C to 630,615 °C ( n = 6 ) 630,615 °C to 1 820 °C ( n = 8 )
0 3
a 0,000 000 000 00 × 10 –3,893 816 862 1 × 10
–1 1
a –2,465 081 834 6 × 10 2,857 174 747 0 × 10
–3 –2
a 5,904 042 117 1 × 10 –8,488 510 478 5 × 10
–6 –4
a –1,325 793 163 6 × 10 1,578 528 016 4 × 10
–9 –7
a 1,566 829 190 1 × 10 –1,683 534 486 4 × 10
–12 –10
a –1,694 452 924 0 × 10 1,110 979 401 3 × 10
–16 –14
a 6,299 034 709 4 × 10 –4,451 543 103 3 × 10
–18
a - 9,897 564 082 1 × 10
–22
-
a –9,379 133 028 9 × 10
Table 5 – Type J reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –210 °C to 760 °C ( n = 8 ) 760 °C to 1 200 °C ( n = 5 )
0 5
a 0,000 000 000 0 × 10 2,964 562 568 1 × 10
1 3
a 5,038 118 781 5 × 10 –1,497 612 778 6 × 10
–2 0
a 3,047 583 693 0 × 10 3,178 710 392 4 × 10
–5 –3
a –8,568 106 572 0 × 10 –3,184 768 670 1 × 10
–7 –6
a 1,322 819 529 5 × 10 1,572 081 900 4 × 10
–10 –10
a –1,705 295 833 7 × 10 –3,069 136 905 6 × 10
–13
-
a 2,094 809 069 7 × 10
–16
a –1,253 839 533 6 × 10 -
–20
a 1,563 172 569 7 × 10 -
The specified function for Type J (Table 5) extends up to 1 200 °C; however, it should be
noted that when a Type J thermocouple has been used above 760 °C, its performance below
760 °C may not conform to the lower part of the function within specified tolerances.

– 12 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table 6 – Type T reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –270 °C to 0 °C ( n = 14 ) 0 °C to 400 °C ( n = 8 )
0 0
a 0,000 000 000 0 × 10 0,000 000 000 0 × 10
1 1
a 3,874 810 636 4 × 10 3,874 810 636 4 × 10
–2 –2
a 4,419 443 434 7 × 10 3,329 222 788 0 × 10
–4 –4
a 1,184 432 310 5 × 10 2,061 824 340 4 × 10
–5 –6
a 2,003 297 355 4 × 10 –2,188 225 684 6 × 10
–7 –8
a 9,013 801 955 9 × 10 1,099 688 092 8 × 10
–8 –11
a 2,265 115 659 3 × 10 –3,081 575 877 2 × 10
–10 –14
a 3,607 115 420 5 × 10 4,547 913 529 0 × 10
–12 –17
a 3,849 393 988 3 × 10 –2,751 290 167 3 × 10
–14
-
a 2,821 352 192 5 × 10
–16
-
a 1,425 159 477 9 × 10
–19
a 4,876 866 228 6 × 10 -
–21
a 1,079 553 927 0 × 10 -
–24
a 1,394 502 706 2 × 10 -
–28
-
a 7,979 515 392 7 × 10
Table 7 – Type E reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –270 °C to 0 °C ( n = 13 ) 0 °C to 1 000 °C ( n = 10 )
0 0
a 0,000 000 000 0 × 10 0,000 000 000 0 × 10
1 1
a 5,866 550 870 8 × 10 5,866 550 871 0 × 10
–2 –2
a 4,541 097 712 4 × 10 4,503 227 558 2 × 10
–4 –5
a –7,799 804 868 6 × 10 2,890 840 721 2 × 10
–5 –7
a –2,580 016 084 3 × 10 –3,305 689 665 2 × 10
–7 –10
a –5,945 258 305 7 × 10 6,502 440 327 0 × 10
–9 –13
a –9,321 405 866 7 × 10 –1,919 749 550 4 × 10
–10 –15
a –1,028 760 553 4 × 10 –1,253 660 049 7 × 10
–13 –18
a –8,037 012 362 1 × 10 2,148 921 756 9 × 10
–15 –21
a –4,397 949 739 1 × 10 –1,438 804 178 2 × 10
–17 –25
a –1,641 477 635 5 × 10 3,596 089 948 1 × 10
–20
a –3,967 361 951 6 × 10 -
–23
-
a –5,582 732 872 1 × 10
–26
-
a –3,465 784 201 3 × 10
60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 13 –
Table 8 – Type K reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –270 °C to 0 °C ( n = 10 ) 0 °C to 1 300 °C
0 1
a
0,000 000 000 0 × 10 –1,760 041 368 6 × 10
1 1
a
3,945 012 802 5 × 10 3,892 120 497 5 × 10
–2 –2
a 2,362 237 359 8 × 10 1,855 877 003 2 × 10
–4 –5
a –3,285 890 678 4 × 10 –9,945 759 287 4 × 10
–6 –7
a –4,990 482 877 7 × 10 3,184 094 571 9 × 10
–8 –10
a
–6,750 905 917 3 × 10 –5,607 284 488 9 × 10
–10 –13
a 5,607 505 905 9 × 10
–5,741 032 742 8 × 10
–12 –16
a –3,108 887 289 4 × 10 –3,202 072 000 3 × 10
–14 –20
a –1,045 160 936 5 × 10 9,715 114 715 2 × 10
–17 –23
a –1,988 926 687 8 × 10 –1,210 472 127 5 × 10
–20
a -
–1,632 269 748 6 × 10
c – 1,185 976 × 10
–4
c – –1,183 432 × 10
In the temperature range 0 °C to 1 300 °C, for Type K (Table 8) use equation (2) with
constants c ,c as given in the above Table.
0 1
Table 9 – Type N reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient –270 °C to 0 °C ( n = 8 ) 0 °C to 1 300 °C ( n = 10 )
0 0
a 0,000 000 000 0 × 10 0,000 000 000 0 × 10
1 1
a
2,615 910 596 2 × 10 2,592 939 460 1 × 10
–2 –2
a
1,095 748 422 8 × 10 1,571 014 188 0 × 10
–5 –5
a –9,384 111 155 4 × 10 4,382 562 723 7 × 10
–8 –7
a –4,641 203 975 9 × 10 –2,526 116 979 4 × 10
–9 –10
a –2,630 335 771 6 × 10 6,431 181 933 9 × 10
–11 –12
a
–2,265 343 800 3 × 10 –1,006 347 151 9 × 10
–14 –16
a 9,974 533 899 2 × 10
–7,608 930 079 1 × 10
–17 –19
a –9,341 966 783 5 × 10 –6,086 324 560 7 × 10
–22
a - 2,084 922 933 9 × 10
–26
-
a –3,068 219 615 1 × 10
– 14 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table 10 – Type C reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient 0 °C to 630,615 °C ( n = 6 ) 630,615 °C to 2 315 °C ( n = 6 )
0 2
a
0,000 000 0 × 10 4,052 882 3 × 10
1 1
a
1,340 603 2 × 10 1,150 935 5 × 10
–2 –2
a 1,192 499 2 × 10 1,569 645 3 × 10
–6 –5
a –7,980 635 4 × 10 –1,370 441 2 × 10
–9 –9
a –5,078 751 5 × 10 5,229 087 3 × 10
–11 –13
a
1,316 419 7 × 10 –9,208 275 8 × 10
–15 –17
a 4,524 511 2 × 10
–7,919 733 2 × 10
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E230/E230M-12, Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotive
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Table 11 – Type A reference function
Polynomial Temperature range
coefficient 0 °C to 2 500 °C ( n = 8 )
a 0,000 000 0 × 10
a 1,195 190 5 × 10
–2
a 1,667 262 5 × 10
–5
a –2,828 780 7 × 10
–8
a 2,839 783 9 × 10
–11
a –1,850 500 7 × 10
–15
a 7,363 212 3 × 10
–18
a –1,614 887 8 × 10
–22
a 1,490 167 9 × 10
NOTE 2 The coefficient a is here set to zero, contrary to the specification of GOST R 8.585, 2001.
5 Thermocouple tolerances
Thermocouple tolerances shall be as specified in Table 12. Users are cautioned that the
tolerances in Table 12 apply to new wire only and do not allow for changes in the EMF which
may occur with use.
The temperature limits referred to in Table 12 are not necessarily recommended operating
temperature limits. Guidance on operating temperature limits is given in Annex C
For the purpose of testing there should be no discontinuity of conductors between the
measuring and the reference junction.

60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 15 –
Table 12 – Thermocouple tolerances
1)
Thermocouple Tolerance values (±°C) and temperature limits of validity
type
2)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
0,5 or 0,004 × t 1 or 0,007 5 × t 1 or 0,015 × t
3)
Type T –40 °C to 350 °C –40 °C to 350 °C –200 °C to 40 °C
1,5 or 0,004 × t 2,5 or 0,007 5 × t 2,5 or 0,015 × t
Type E –40 °C to 800 °C –40 °C to 900 °C –200 °C to 40 °C
Type J –40 °C to 750 °C –40 °C to 750 °C -
Type K –40 °C to 1 000 °C –40 °C to 1 200 °C –200 °C to 40 °C
Type N –40 °C to 1 000 °C –40 °C to 1 200 °C –200 °C to 40 °C
1 for t < 1 100°C,
1,5 or 0,002 5 × t 4 or 0,005 × t
[1 + 0,003 × (t – 1 100)] for t > 1 100 °C
Type R or S 0 °C to 1 600 °C 0 °C to 1 600 °C -
Type B - 600 °C to 1 700 °C 600 °C to 1 700 °C
- -
0,01 × t
Type C - 426 °C to 2 315 °C -
-
0,01 × t
Type A - 1 000 °C to 2 500 °C -
1) Except Type C and Type A the tolerance value is expressed either as a deviation in degrees Celsius or as a
function of the temperature t (degree Celsius of ITS-90 ) listed above table. The greater value applies.
2) Base metal thermocouple materials are normally supplied to meet the manufacturing tolerances specified in
the Table for temperatures above –40 °C. These materials, however, may not fall within the manufacturing
tolerances for the lower temperature range given under Class 3 for Types E, K and N thermocouples. If
thermocouples are required to meet the limits of Class 3, as well as those of Class 1 and/or Class 2, the
purchaser shall state this, as selection of materials is usually required.
3) For Type T thermocouples it is unlikely that a specific material will meet the requirements of both Class 2
and Class 3 tolerances over their entire tolerance temperature range. In this case, a reduction in the ranges
of validity will probably be necessary.

Tolerances and ranges of validity which differ from values given in Table 12 shall be agreed
between manufacturer and user.
6 Thermoelectric values at the fixed points of the ITS-90
Table 13 gives the value of EMF, E in µV, at the fixed-point temperature, t in °C. It also
includes values of the Seebeck coefficient of thermocouples, S, in µV/°C.

– 16 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table 13 – EMF and Seebeck coefficients of the thermocouples at the fixed
points of the ITS-90 (EMF: upper row, Seebeck coefficient: lower row)
Thermocouple type
Fixed point and
temperature
R S B J T E K N C A
Argon TP - - - –7 642,9 –5 427,4 –8 542,8 –5 718,5 –3 877,1 - -
–189,344 2 °C
- - - 24,6 17,2 27,7 17,2 11,3 - -
Mercury TP –182,9 –189,4 - –1 905,2 –1 434,2 –2 191.9 –1 484,2 –993,8 - -
–38,834 4 °C 4,1 4,3 - 47,6 35,0 54,0 36,8 24,9 - -
Water TP 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.5 0,4 0,6 0,4 0,3 0,1 0,8
0,01 °C 5,3 5,4 –0,2 50,4 38,7 58,7 39,5 25,9 13,4 12,0
Gallium MP 169,2 171,4 –2,1 1 524,4 1 186,8 1 786,6 1 193,7 786,7 409,4 370,5
29,764 6 °C 6,1 6,1 0,1 52,0 41,1 61,4 40,7 27,0 14,1 12,9
Indium FP 1 095,7 1 082,3 101,9 8 374,2 7 036,4 10 259,7 6 403,7 4 510,0 2 359,2 2 188,0
156,598 5 °C 8,3 8,0 1,5 55,2 50,6 71,6 40,2 31,7 16,5 15,5
Tin FP
1 756,2 1 715,0 247,4 1 2551,7 11 013,2 15 809,2 9 420,5 6 980,9 3 644,0 3 387,5
231,928 °C 9,2 8,7 2,3 55,5 54,9 75,5 40,4 33,9 17,6 16,3
Zinc FP
3 611,3 3 446,9 867,8 22 925,4 - 30 511,9 17 223,1 13 701,2 7 104,3 6 536,4
419,527 °C 10,5 9,6 4,3 55,2 - 80,3 42,3 37,4 19,1 17,0
Aluminium FP 6 277,1 5 860,1 2 167,0 36 695,0 - 49 943,1 27 460,7 22 970,5 11 785,8 10 621,2
660,323 °C 11,6 10,4 6,5 60,7 - 80,1 42,2 39,2 19,5 16,8
Silver FP 10 003,4 9 148,4 4 490,7 55 669,0 - 73 494,3 39 778,1 34 776,1 17 554,3 15 529,5
961,78 °C 13,1 11,4 8,9 60,3 - 75,6 39,4 38,8 18,6 15,7
Gold FP 11 363,7 10 334,2 5 433,5 - - - 43 755,2 38 721,7 19 428,5 17 117,7
1 064,18 °C 13,5 11,7 9,5 - - - 38,3 38,2 18,0 15,3
Copper FP 11 640,4 10 574,80 5 630,0 - - - 44 535,1 39 501,6 19 795,9 17 429,2
1 084,62 °C
13,6 11,8 9,7 - - - 38,0 38,1 17,9 15,2
Palladium FP 18 219,2 16 239,0 10 735,3 - - - - - 27 566,1 24 020,1
1 554,8 °C 14,0 11,9 11,7 - - - - - 15,1 12,8
Platinum FP 21 102,7 18 693,5 13 223,9 - - - - - 30 649,8 26 628,3
1 768,1 °C 12,3 10,3 11,6 - - - - - 13,8 11,7
NOTE TP, MP and FP stand for triple point, melting point and freezing point respectively.

60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 17 –
Annex A
(informative)
Tables for EMF as a function of temperature

A.1 General
This Annex gives values of EMF E in µV, at intervals of 1 °C for all the thermocouple types,
using the reference functions specified in Clause 4. Values of the Seebeck coefficient, S in
( µV/°C ), are given at intervals of 10 °C.
A.2 Type R
Table A.1 – Type R: Platinum - 13 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5)
Electromotive force, E/µV, at intervals of 1 °C
t S t
90 90
/°C /°C
/(µV/°C)
0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9
0 5,3 0 – 5 – 11 – 16 – 21 – 26 – 31 – 36 – 41 –46 0
– 10 5,0 – 51 – 56 – 61 – 66 – 71 – 76 – 81 – 86 – 91 –95 – 10
– 20 4,7 – 100 – 105 – 109 – 114 – 119 – 123 – 128 – 132 – 137 –141 – 20
– 30 4,4 – 145 – 150 – 154 – 158 – 163 – 167 – 171 – 175 – 180 –184 – 30
– 40 4,1 – 188 – 192 – 196 – 200 – 204 – 208 – 211 – 215 – 219 –223 – 40
– 50 3,7 – 226     – 50
– 18 – 60584-1 © IEC:2013
Table A.1 (2 of 5)
Electromotive force, E/µV, at intervals of 1 °C
t S t
90 90
/°C /(µV/°C) /°C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5,3 0 5 11 16 21 27 32 38 43 49 0
10 5,6 54 60 65 71 77 82 88 94 100 105 10
20 5,8 111 117 123 129 135 141 147 153 159 165 20
30 6,1 171 177 183 189 195 201 207 214 220 226 30
40 6,3 232 239 245 251 258 264 271 277 284 290 40
50 6,5 296 303 310 316 323 329 336 343 349 356 50
60 6,7 363 369 376 383 390 397 403 410 417 424 60
70 6,9 431 438 445 452 459 466 473 480 487 494 70
80 7,1 501 508 516 523 530 537 544 552 559 566 80
90 7,3 573 581 588 595 603 610 618 625 632 640 90
100 100
7,5 647 655 662 670 677 685 693 700 708 715
110 7,6 723 731 738 746 754 761 769 777 785 792 110
120 7,8 800 808 816 824 832 839 847 855 863 871 120
130 8,0 879 887 895 903 911 919 927 935 943 951 130
140 8,1 959 967 976 984 992 1 000 1 008 1 016 1 025 1 033 140
150 8,2 1 041 1 049 1 058 1 066 1 074 1 082 1 091 1 099 1 107 1 116 150
160 8,4 1 124 1 132 1 141 1 149 1 158 1 166 1 175 1 183 1 191 1 200 160
170 8,5 1 208 1 217 1 225 1 234 1 242 1 251 1 260 1 268 1 277 1 285 170
180 8,6 1 294 1 303 1 311 1 320 1 329 1 337 1 346 1 355 1 363 1 372 180
190 190
8,7 1 381 1 389 1 398 1 407 1 416 1 425 1 433 1 442 1 451 1 460
200 8,8 1 469 1 477 1 486 1 495 1 504 1 513 1 522 1 531 1 540 1 549 200
210 8,9 1 558 1 567 1 575 1 584 1 593 1 602 1 611 1 620 1 629 1 639 210
220 9,1 1 648 1 657 1 666 1 675 1 684 1 693 1 702 1 711 1 720 1 729 220
230 9,1 1 739 1 748 1 757 1 766 1 775 1 784 1 794 1 803 1 812 1 821 230
240 9,2 1 831 1 840 1 849 1 858 1 868 1 877 1 886 1 895 1 905 1 914 240
250 9,3 1 923 1 933 1 942 1 951 1 961 1 970 1 980 1 989 1 998 2 008 250
260 9,4 2 017 2 027 2 036 2 046 2 055 2 064 2 074 2 083 2 093 2 102 260
270 9,5 2 112 2 121 2 131 2 140 2 150 2 159 2 169 2 179 2 188 2 198 270
280 9,6 2 207 2 217 2 226 2 236 2 246 2 255 2 265 2 275 2 284 2 294 280
290 9,7 2 304 2 313 2 323 2 333 2 342 2 352 2 362 2 371 2 381 2 391 290
300 9,7 2 401 2 410 2 420 2 430 2 440 2 449 2 459 2 469 2 479 2 488 300
310 9,8 2 498 2 508 2 518 2 528 2 538 2 547 2 557 2 567 2 577 2 587 310
320 9,9 2 597 2 607 2 617 2 626 2 636 2 646 2 656 2 666 2 676 2 686 320
330 9,9 2 696 2 706 2 716 2 726 2 736 2 746 2 756 2 766 2 776 2 786 330
340 10,0 2 796 2 806 2 816 2 826 2 836 2 846 2 856 2 866 2 876 2 886 340
350 10,1 2 896 2 906 2 916 2 926 2 937 2 947 2 957 2 967 2 977 2 987 350
360 10,1 2 997 3 007 3 018 3 028 3 038 3 048 3 058 3 068 3 079 3 089 360
370 10,2 3 099 3 109 3 119 3 130 3 140 3 150 3 160 3 171 3 181 3 191 370
380 380
10,3 3 201 3 212 3 222 3 232 3 242 3 253 3 263 3 273 3 284 3 294
390 390
10,3 3 304 3 315 3 325 3 335 3 346 3 356 3 366 3 377 3 387 3 397
400 10,4 3 408 3 418 3 428 3 439 3 449 3 460 3 470 3 480 3 491 3 501 400
410 10,4 3 512 3 522 3 533 3 543 3 553 3 564 3 574 3 585 3 595 3 606 410
420 10,5 3 616 3 627 3 637 3 648 3 658 3 669 3 679 3 690 3 700 3 711 420
430 10,5 3 721 3 732 3 742 3 753 3 764 3 774 3 785 3 795 3 806 3 816 430
440 10,6 3 827 3 838 3 848 3 859 3 869 3 880 3 891 3 901 3 912 3 922 440
450 10,6 3 933 3 944 3 954 3 965 3 976 3 986 3 997 4 008 4 018 4 029 450
460 10,7 4 040 4 050 4 061 4 072 4 083 4 093 4 104 4 115 4 125 4 136 460
470 10,7 4 147 4 158 4 168 4 179 4 190 4 201 4 211 4 222 4 233 4 244 470
480 10,8 4 255 4 265 4 276 4 287 4 298 4 309 4 319 4 330 4 341 4 352 480
490 10,8 4 363 4 373 4 384 4 395 4 406 4 417 4 428 4 439 4 449 4 460 490
500 500
10,9 4 471 4 482 4 493 4 504 4 515 4 526 4 537 4 548 4 558 4 569

60584-1 © IEC:2013 – 19 –
Table A.1 (3 of 5)
Electromotive force, E/µV, at intervals of 1 °C
t S t
90 90
/°C /(µV/°C) /°C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
500 10,9 4 471 4 482 4 493 4 504 4 515 4 526 4 537 4 548 4 558 4 569 500
510 10,9 4 580 4 591 4 602 4 613 4 624 4 635 4 646 4 657 4 668 4 679 510
520 11,0 4 690 4 701 4 712 4 723 4 734 4 745 4 756 4 767 4 778 4 789 520
530 11,0 4 800 4 811 4 822 4 833 4 844 4 855 4 866 4 877 4 888 4 899 530
540 11,1 4 910 4 922 4 933 4 944 4 955 4 966 4 977 4 988 4 999 5 010 540
550 11,1 5 021 5 033 5 044 5 055 5 066 5 077 5 088 5 099 5 111 5 122 550
560 11,2 5 133 5 144 5 155 5 166 5 178 5 189 5 200 5 211 5 222 5 234 560
570 11,2 5 245 5 256 5 267 5 279 5 290 5 301 5 312 5 323 5 335 5 346 570
580 11,3 5 357 5 369 5 380 5 391 5 402 5 414 5 425 5 436 5 448 5 459 580
590 11,3 5 470 5 481 5 493 5 504 5 515 5 527 5 538 5 549 5 561 5 572 590
600 600
11,4 5 583 5 595 5 606 5 618 5 629 5 640 5 652 5 663 5 674 5 686
610 11,4 5 697 5 709 5 720 5 731 5 743 5 754 5 766 5 777 5 789 5 800 610
620 11,5 5 812 5 823 5 834 5 846 5 857 5 869 5 880 5 892 5 903 5 915 620
630 11,5 5 926 5 938 5 949 5 961 5 972 5 984 5 995 6 007 6 018 6 030 630
640 11,5 6 041 6 053 6 065 6 076 6 088 6 099 6 111 6 122 6 134 6 146 640
650 11,6 6 157 6 169 6 180 6 192 6 204 6 215 6 227 6 238 6 250 6 262 650
660 11,6 6 273 6 285 6 297 6 308 6 320 6 332 6 343 6 355 6 367 6 378 660
670 11,7 6 390 6 402 6 413 6 425 6 437 6 448 6 460 6 472 6 484 6 495 670
680 11,7 6 507 6 519 6 531 6 542 6 554 6 566 6 578 6 589 6 601 6 613 680
690 690
11,8 6 625 6 636 6 648 6 660 6 672 6 684 6 695 6 707 6 719 6 731
700 11,8 6 743 6 755 6 766 6 778 6 790 6 802 6 814 6 826 6 838 6 849 700
710 11,9 6 861 6 873 6 885 6 897 6 909 6 921 6 933 6 945 6 956 6 968 710
720 11,9 6 980 6 992 7 004 7 016 7 028 7 040 7 052 7 064 7 076 7 088 720
730 12,0 7 100 7 112 7 124 7 136 7 148 7 160 7 172 7 184 7 196 7 208 730
740 12,0 7 220 7 232 7 244 7 256 7 268 7 280 7 292 7 304 7 316 7 328 740
750 12,1 7 340 7 352 7 364 7 376 7 389 7 401 7 413 7 425 7 437 7 449 750
760 12,1 7 461 7 473 7 485 7 498 7 510 7 522 7 534 7 546 7 558 7 570 760
770 12,2 7 583 7 595 7 607 7 619 7 631 7 644 7 656 7 668 7 680 7 692 770
780 12,2 7 705 7 717 7 729 7 741 7 753 7 766 7 778 7 790 7 802 7 815 780
790 12,3 7 827 7 839 7 851 7 864 7 876 7 888 7 901 7 913 7 925 7 938 790
800 12,3 7 950 7 962 7 974 7 987 7 999
...