IEC 60335-2-61:2024

Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters

IEC 60335-2-61:2024 deals with the safety of electric thermal-storage room heaters for household and similar purposes that are intended to heat the room in which they are located, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances. Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laypersons in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
- this standard only applies to self-contained thermal-storage room heaters. However, it can be used as a guide, in so far as it reasonably applies, to determine the requirements and test specifications for other thermal-storage room heaters;
- for heaters incorporating direct-acting heating elements, IEC 60335-2-30 is also applicable;
- for heaters intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
- in many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
- appliances intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
- heaters incorporated in the building structure;
- central heating systems;
- heaters for saunas (IEC 60335-2-53);
- flexible sheet heating elements for room heating (IEC 60335-2-96);
- heaters intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) deletion or conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 7.1, 10.1, 19.3.102, 24.101);
c) application of test probe 19 has been introduced (8.1.1, 20.2);
d) temperature limits have been updated and requirements for measurement were defined (Clause 11.3, 11.8, Table 101);
e) implementation of Figure 101 with the probe for measuring surface temperatures.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Sécurité - Partie 2-61: Exigences particulières pour les appareils de chauffage à accumulation

L'IEC 60335-2-61:2024 traite de la sécurité des appareils de chauffage à accumulation électriques à usage domestique et analogue, destinés au chauffage de la pièce dans laquelle ils se trouvent, dont la tension assignée est inférieure ou égale à 250 V pour les appareils monophasés et à 480 V pour les autres appareils, y compris les appareils alimentés en courant continu. Les appareils non destinés à un usage domestique normal mais qui néanmoins peuvent constituer une source de danger pour le public, tels que les appareils destinés à être utilisés par des usagers non avertis dans des magasins, chez des artisans et dans des fermes, sont compris dans le domaine d'application de la présente norme.
Dans la mesure du possible, la présente norme traite des dangers courants que présentent les appareils, encourus par tous les individus à l'intérieur et autour de l'habitation. Cependant, elle ne tient en général pas compte
- des personnes (y compris des enfants) dont les capacités physiques, sensorielles ou mentales; ou le manque d'expérience et de connaissance les empêche d'utiliser l'appareil en toute sécurité sans surveillance ou instruction;
- de l'utilisation de l'appareil comme jouet par des enfants.
L’attention est attirée sur le fait que
- la présente norme ne s'applique qu'aux appareils de chauffage à accumulation autonomes. Toutefois, elle peut être utilisée comme un guide, pour autant qu'elle s'applique raisonnablement, pour déterminer les exigences et les spécifications d'essais applicables aux autres appareils de chauffage à accumulation;
- pour les appareils qui comportent des éléments de chauffage direct, l'IEC 60335-2-30 s'applique également;
- pour les appareils de chauffage destinés à être utilisés dans des véhicules ou à bord de navires ou d'aéronefs, des exigences supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires;
- dans de nombreux pays, des exigences supplémentaires sont spécifiées par les organismes nationaux de la santé publique, par les organismes nationaux responsables de la protection des travailleurs et par des organismes analogues.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas:
- aux appareils destinés exclusivement à des usages industriels;
- aux appareils de chauffage incorporés dans la structure des bâtiments;
- aux systèmes de chauffage central;
- aux appareils de chauffage pour saunas (IEC 60335-2-53);
- aux films souples chauffants pour le chauffage des locaux (IEC 60335-2-96);
- aux appareils de chauffage destinés à être utilisés dans des locaux qui présentent des conditions particulières, telles que la présence d'une atmosphère corrosive ou explosive (poussière, vapeur ou gaz).
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2002, son amendement 1 (2005) et son amendement 2 (2008). Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) texte aligné sur l'IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) suppression et transformation de certaines notes en texte normatif (Article 1 et paragraphes, 7.1, 10.1, 19.3.102, 24.101);
c) introduction de l'application du calibre d'essai 19 (8.1.1, 20.2);
d) les limites de température ont été mises à jour et des exigences de mesure ont été définies (11.3, 11.8, Tableau 101);
e) introduction de la Figure 101 qui représente le dispositif de mesure des températures de surface.
La présente partie 2 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la dernière édition de l'IEC 60335-1 et ses amendements sauf si cette édition l'exclut. Dans ce cas, la dernière édition qui n'exclut pas la présente partie 2 est utilisée. Elle a été établie sur la base de la sixième édition (2020) de cette norme.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Sep-2024
• ICS: 13.120 - Domestic safety
• ICS: 97.100.10 - Electric heaters
• Technical Committee: TC 61 - Safety of household and similar electrical appliances
• Drafting Committee: MT 37 - TC 61/MT 37
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 12-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 27-Sep-2024

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60335-2-61:2002/AMD1:2005 - Amendment 1 - Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60335-2-61:2002/AMD2:2008 - Amendment 2 - Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60335-2-61:2002 - Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 60335-2-61:2024 - "Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters" - is the third edition (2024) of the IEC safety standard for self-contained electric thermal‑storage room heaters used in households and similar environments. It covers appliances intended to heat the room in which they are located, with rated supply voltages up to 250 V (single‑phase) and 480 V (other appliances, including DC). This edition is a technical revision aligned with IEC 60335-1:2020.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and exclusions: Applies to self-contained thermal‑storage room heaters; excludes built‑in heaters, central heating systems, sauna heaters, flexible sheet heaters, industrial-only appliances, and heaters for special atmospheres or certain transport applications.
• Alignment with IEC 60335-1: To be used together with the latest edition of IEC 60335‑1 and its amendments for general safety requirements.
• Updated test methods and probes: Introduction of test probe 19 and implementation of Figure 101 for measuring external surface temperatures.
• Surface temperature limits and measurement: Revised temperature limits and defined procedures for measuring temperatures (Clause 11.3, 11.8, Table 101).
• Electrical safety: Requirements for leakage current, electric strength, transient overvoltages, power input/current accuracy, and insulation clearances.
• Mechanical and thermal safety: Tests for stability, mechanical hazards, heating elements, overload/endurance, abnormal operation and resistance to heat/fire.
• Construction and components: Rules for marking and instructions, internal wiring, components, terminals, earthing, screws/connections, and protection against access to live parts.
• Normative and informative annexes: Extensive annexes cover batteries, ageing tests, motor protectors, needle‑flame tests, software evaluation, measurement guidance and more.

Practical applications

• Design and development of safe thermal‑storage room heaters (product engineers and designers).
• Type testing and certification for compliance with international safety requirements (testing laboratories and certification bodies).
• Regulatory assessment and conformity demonstrations for market access (manufacturers and compliance teams).
• Risk assessment and technical documentation used for CE/UKCA marking and national approvals.
• Reference for updating product instructions, warnings and marking to meet safety obligations.

Who should use this standard

• Appliance manufacturers and OEMs of thermal‑storage heaters
• Product safety engineers and compliance officers
• Test laboratories and conformity assessment bodies
• Regulatory authorities and standards committees
• Design consultants and technical writers preparing manuals and labels

Related standards

• IEC 60335‑1 (General requirements)
• IEC 60335‑2‑30 (if direct‑acting heating elements are incorporated)
• IEC 60335‑2‑53 (sauna heaters)
• IEC 60335‑2‑96 (flexible sheet heating elements)

Keywords: IEC 60335-2-61:2024, thermal storage room heaters, safety standard, IEC 60335-1, surface temperature, test probe 19, appliance compliance, electrical safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a
Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
once a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.

Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or

need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.120; 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-9725-4
– 2 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .4
INTRODUCTION .7
1 Scope .8
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions .9
4 General requirement . 10
5 General conditions for the tests . 10
6 Classification . 10
7 Marking and instructions . 10
8 Protection against access to live parts . 12
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 12
10 Power input and current . 12
11 Heating . 13
12 Void Charging of metal-ion batteries . 15
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 15
14 Transient overvoltages . 16
15 Moisture resistance . 16
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 16
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 16
18 Endurance . 16
19 Abnormal operation . 16
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 18
21 Mechanical strength . 19
22 Construction . 19
23 Internal wiring . 20
24 Components . 20
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 20
26 Terminals for external conductors . 21
27 Provision for earthing . 21
28 Screws and connections . 21
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 21
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 21
31 Resistance to rusting. 21
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 21
Annexes . 24
Annex AA (informative) Immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles. 25
Bibliography . 26
List of comments . 27

Figure 101 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 22
Figure 101102 – Device for determining the air temperature rise . 23
Figure AA.1 – Typical cross-sections of immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles . 25

Table 101 – Temperature rises of surfaces for specified external accessible surfaces
under normal operating conditions . 15

– 4 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This commented version (CMV) of the official standard IEC 60335-2-61:2024 edition 3.0
allows the user to identify the changes made to the previous IEC 60335-2-
61:2002+AMD1:2005+AMD2:2008 CSV edition 2.2. Furthermore, comments from IEC TC
61 experts are provided to explain the reasons of the most relevant changes, or to clarify
any part of the content.
A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change has been made. Additions are in
green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. Experts' comments are identified by a
blue-background number. Mouse over a number to display a pop-up note with the
comment.
This publication contains the CMV and the official standard. The full list of comments is
available at the end of the CMV.

IEC 60335-2-61 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and
similar electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002,
Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) deletion or conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 7.1, 10.1, 19.3.102,
24.101);
c) application of test probe 19 has been introduced (8.1.1, 20.2);
d) temperature limits have been updated and requirements for measurement were defined
(Clause 11.3, 11.8, Table 101);
e) implementation of Figure 101 with the probe for measuring surface temperatures.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61/7268/FDIS 61/7291/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room
heaters.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification", or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional Annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.

– 6 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The following differing practices, of a less permanent nature exist in the countries indicated
below.
– 7.1: All thermal-storage room heaters have to be marked with a warning against covering
(Sweden).
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules may can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal and generic standards Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety
publications covering a hazard are not applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing
the general and particular requirements for the IEC 60335 series of standards. For example, in the case of
temperature requirements for surfaces on many appliances, generic standards, such as ISO 13732-1 for hot surfaces,
are not applicable in addition to Part 1 or part 2 standards. 1
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features that impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with the
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters. 2

– 8 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of electric thermal-storage room heaters for
household and similar purposes that are intended to heat the room in which they are located,
their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other
appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances. 3
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless may can be a source
of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen laypersons in shops,
in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account:
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
NOTE 101 Attention is drawn to the fact that
– this standard only applies to self-contained thermal-storage room heaters. However, it
may can be used as a guide, in so far as it reasonably applies, to determine the requirements
and test specifications for other thermal-storage room heaters;
– for heaters incorporating direct-acting heating elements, IEC 60335-2-30 is also applicable;
– for heaters intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements may can be necessary;
– in many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
NOTE 102 This standard does not apply to
– appliances intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
– heaters incorporated in the building structure;
– central heating systems;
– heaters for saunas (IEC 60335-2-53);
– flexible sheet heating elements for room heating (IEC 60335-2-96);
– heaters intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).

2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60335-2-30, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-30: Particular
requirements for room heaters
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles
for safety signs in workplaces and public areas safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to physical characteristics
3.1.9 Replacement Modification:
normal operation
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
operation of the appliance under the following conditions:
The heater is operated in cycles, each cycle having a duration of 24 h and consisting of a
charging period and a discharging period. The charging period is terminated when all heating
elements are disconnected for the first time by the devices controlling the temperature of the
core (charge controls).
3.1043.1.101
rated charging period
longest uninterrupted charging period assigned to the heater by the manufacturer
3.1053.1.102
rated charge
energy consumption assigned to the heater by the manufacturer for a rated charging period
3.5 Definitions relating to types of appliances
3.5.101
thermal-storage room heater
heater constructed to store heat obtained from electrical energy in a heat-accumulating core
and to discharge it at any time
3.5.102
controlled-output heater
thermal-storage room heater, the heat output of which can be controlled by means such as
fans, shutters or flaps
3.5.103
free-output heater
thermal-storage room heater, the heat output of which is discharged by natural convection
and radiation and can only be varied by adjusting the charge

– 10 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
4 General requirement
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
5.5 Addition:
For controlled-output heaters having auxiliary air-outlets, air is discharged only through the
main outlet into the room where the heater is situated.
NOTE 101 Movable parts include accessories supplied with the heater, such as shelves and humidifiers.
5.6 Addition:
Thermostats sensitive to the room air temperature, such as those having a sensing element
located in the air-inlet, are short-circuited.
5.9 Addition:
When it is specified that direct-acting heating elements are operated together with the storage
heating elements, this only applies if allowed by the construction.
6 Classification
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
6.1 Modification:
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
Thermal-storage room heaters shall be class I, class II or class III.
7 Marking and instructions
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
7.1 Modification:
Appliances shall be marked with rated power input.
Addition:
Appliances shall be marked with
– the rated charging period, in hours;
– the mass of the assembled appliance, in kilograms.
For appliances provided with more than one means of connection to the supply, each supply
circuit shall be marked with rated voltage, rated power input and the symbol for nature of
supply.
If the temperature rises determined during the tests of Clause 19 exceed the limits specified in
Clause 11, appliances shall be marked with symbol IEC 60417-5641 (DB:2002-10) combined
with the prohibition sign of ISO 3864-1, except for colours IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01) 4, or with
the substance of the following:
– WARNING: Do not cover.
NOTE 101 This marking may be on a label that is permanently attached to the appliance.
7.6 Addition:
Do not cover
NOTE This symbol incorporates symbol IEC 60417-5641(DB:2002-10) combined with the prohibition sign of
ISO 3864-1, except for colours.
[symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01)] do not cover 5

7.10 Addition:
Charging controls shall not be marked with the off position unless they have a contact
separation in all poles to provide full disconnection under overvoltage category III conditions.
However, disconnection of the neutral pole is not required for single phase appliances
permanently connected to a system with an earthed neutral (TN-S-C system).
7.12 Addition:
The instructions shall be given on a durable card or in a booklet and shall include the substance
of the following:
– these instructions should be retained for future reference;
– fumes may be emitted during the first few operations of the heater and the room should be
kept well ventilated.
The instructions shall also include
– the rated charge;
– the minimum distance to be maintained between the heater and combustible materials, such
as furniture and curtains.
If the temperature rises determined during the tests of Clause 19 exceed the limits specified in
Clause 11, the instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– do not cover;
– do not place objects in contact with the heater.
If the “Do not cover” symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01) 6 is marked on the appliance, its
meaning shall be explained.
– 12 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
7.12.1 Addition:
The installation instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– the installation of the heater should be carried out by trained personnel;
– if, during reassembly of the heater, a part of the thermal insulation shows damage or
deterioration, it should be replaced by an identical part;
– to maintain stability, it is essential that the heater is placed on a level surface and care
should be taken to avoid irregular surfaces, such as may result from carpets or tiled
surrounds partially protruding under the heater.
The installation instructions shall also include
– a circuit diagram with a clear indication of the terminals;
– details for fixing the heater to the floor or for fixing the heater to the wall, including the
minimum mounting height (if applicable).
7.14 Addition:
The height of the “Do not cover” symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01) 7 shall be at least 15 mm.
The height of the words "Do not cover" shall be at least 3 mm.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
7.15 Addition:
The marking concerning covering shall be visible after the heater has been installed.
8 Protection against access to live parts
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
8.1.1 Addition:
For parts of appliances situated not more than 850 mm above the floor after installation or in
normal use, in addition to the use of test probe 18, test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is also applied
wherever test probe 18 is used and with the same test conditions used for test probe 18. 8
8.1.3 Addition:
Test probe 19 is not applied.
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
10 Power input and current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
10.1 Addition:
Heaters are installed as specified in 11.2.

The power input of the storage heating elements is measured during the charging period, any
fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
The power input of direct-acting heating elements is measured during a discharge period, any
fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause maximum heat discharge.
The total power input for each means of connection to the supply is measured with all controls
adjusted to the position resulting in the highest power input.
NOTE 101 For heaters incorporating motors, the tolerances specified for heating appliances
apply.
10.101 The heater shall accept at least 100 % of the rated charge.
Compliance is checked by measuring the energy consumption for one rated charging period.
The heater is initially at room temperature and is operated at rated power input. Charge
controls, if adjustable by the user, are placed at the maximum setting. Any fans, shutters, flaps
and similar devices are adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
11 Heating
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
11.2 Replacement:
Built-in appliances are built in.
Other heaters are placed in a test corner.
Dull black-painted plywood approximately 20 mm thick is used for the test corner and for the
installation of built-in heaters. The test corner extends at least 300 mm beyond the heater. A
wooden board, having a height of 120 mm and a thickness of 15 mm, is fixed along the full
length of the walls of the test corner and in contact with the floor.
Apertures on the underside of the heater that are within 25 mm of the floor are blocked.
Heaters are positioned in the test corner as follows:
– heaters normally used on a floor are placed on the floor as near to the walls as possible;
– heaters normally fixed to a wall are mounted on one of the walls, as near to the other wall
and to the floor as is likely, unless otherwise stated in the installation instructions.
If a stationary heater has an opening at floor level, a felt pad 20 mm thick is placed on the
floor and pushed without appreciable force into the opening as far as the construction will
permit. If a guard is provided or if the opening is too small to permit the entry of the pad, the
pad is pushed as close as possible against the opening.
NOTE The purpose of the felt pad is to simulate a carpet that might restrict the airflow.
A dull black-painted plywood block having dimensions of 75 mm × 75 mm × 20 mm is placed
on the floor of the test corner under the hottest part of the heater, if possible.
11.3 Addition:
The temperature rises of the felt pad and the plywood block are also determined by means of
thermocouples attached to the small blackened disks.

– 14 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
Thermocouples are placed on the surface of the felt pad and on the centre of the plywood block.
Where the external accessible surfaces are suitably flat and access permits, then the test
probe of Figure 101 is used to measure the temperature rises of external accessible surfaces
specified in Table 101. The probe is applied with a force of 4 N ± 1 N to the surface in such a
way that the best possible contact between the probe and the surface is ensured. The
measurement is performed after a contact period of 30 s.
The probe may be held in place using a laboratory stand clamp or similar device. Any measuring
instrument giving the same results as the probe may be used. 9
11.6 Replacement:
Combined appliances are operated as heating appliances.
11.7 Replacement Modification:
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
Controlled-output heaters are subjected to three cycles of normal operation and free-output
heaters are subjected to two cycles of normal operation.
The heater is charged until the charge control operates for the first time.
For controlled-output heaters, during the discharge period for the first and third cycles of
operation, shutters, flaps and similar devices are adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
During this period, fans are operated at minimum speed or are switched off, if possible. For the
second cycle of operation, fans, shutters and similar devices are adjusted to cause maximum
heat discharge during the discharge period and are operated 15 min after the end of the
charging period.
If it is likely that higher temperature rises will result if fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices
are adjusted to cause intermediate heat discharge, an additional cycle of normal operation is
carried out under these conditions.
If direct-acting heating elements can be operated simultaneously, they are energised during the
test.
11.8 Modification:
In Part 1, add the following to footnote "k" of Table 3: "Similar parts held for short periods
include handles or grips of vents and air shutters." 10
Addition:
In Table 3, heaters are considered liable to be operated continuously for long periods.
The temperature rises of surfaces of heaters shall not exceed the values shown in Table 101,
the measurements commencing 20 min after the end of the charging period.

Table 101 – Temperature rises of surfaces for specified external
accessible surfaces under normal operating conditions 11
a
Temperature rise
Surface
K
Heaters for mounting at high level No limit
f
No limit
Fireguards and their immediate surrounds
d f
Air-outlet grilles and their immediate surrounds that are accessible to the test rod

e
probe :
d
– for heaters incorporating fans, having the air outlet grille located on the sides or front
of the heater;
– for other heaters. 130
e
Other surfaces that are accessible to the test rod probe :
– of bare metal 85
c b
– of glass, ceramic, plastic or coated metal 100
Surface of the felt pad or plywood block 60
NOTE The temperature rise limits of handles, knobs, grips, keyboards, keypads and similar parts are specified
in Table 3.
a
Temperature rises are not measured on:
− the underside/base of appliances intended to be used on a working surface or floor provided that the
clearance from the floor is less than 30 mm;
− the rear/back surface of wall-mounted appliances that is parallel to the wall when according to the
instructions, shall be placed against a wall or have a wall clearance less than 30 mm when wall-mounted;
− surfaces that are not accessible with test probe 41 of IEC 61032;
− surfaces which are not accessible to the test probe e and which are intentionally heated by an internal
heat source and which have to be hot to carry out the intended function of the appliance.
b
Metal is considered coated when a coating having a minimum thickness of 90 µm made of enamel, powder or
non-substantially plastic coating is used.
c
The temperature rise limit of plastic also applies for plastic material having a metal finish of thickness less
than 0,1 mm.
d
If the air-outlet grille cannot be identified and the air is emitted through a substantial part of the enclosure, the
temperature rise limits for surfaces that are accessible to the test probe e apply.
e
The test rod probe is 75 mm in diameter, of unrestricted length and with a hemispherical end.
f
Immediate surrounds are the surfaces within a distance of 100 mm from the air-outlet grille measured vertically
above the openings and within a distance of 25 mm in the other directions. See informative Annex AA for
typical cross-sections of immediate surrounds of air-outlets.

12 Void Charging of metal-ion batteries
This clause of Part 1 is applicable. 12
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
13.1 Modification:
The tests are carried out at the end of the charging period of the last cycle of operation specified
in 11.7, before operation of the charge control.

– 16 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
The tests are also carried out with motors and direct-acting heating elements operating during
the discharge period.
14 Transient overvoltages
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
15 Moisture resistance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
15.2 Addition:
For appliances having a horizontal surface at the top, 0,25 l of water containing approximately
1 % NaCl the spillage solution 13 is poured over the top of the appliance during a period of 5 s.
16 Leakage current and electric strength
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
18 Endurance
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
19 Abnormal operation
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
19.1 Modification:
Instead of the tests specified, appliances are subjected to the tests of 19.3, 19.11, 19.12
and 19.101.
Appliances incorporating motors are also subjected to the test of 19.7.
19.3 Replacement:
Appliances are operated as specified in Clause 11 but under the conditions of 19.3.101 to
19.3.104, the power input being 1,24 times rated power input.
19.3.101 Controlled-output heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under
conditions of minimum heat discharge.
19.3.102 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a woollen blanket having a specific mass of approximately
470 g/m and having the same width as the heater is placed from the wall, over the top and
down the front of the heater.
NOTE The blanket between the wall and the heater is allowed to drop behind the heater. Care
is to be taken to ensure that the blanket is not held away from the front of the heater.
The temperature rise of the surface of the heater under the blanket is determined.
19.3.103 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a black-painted plywood board is placed in the most unfavourable
position against the front surface of the heater. The board has a thickness of 13 mm, its height
is at least equal to the height of the heater and its width equal to 75 % of the width of the heater
or 60 cm, whichever is greater.
Direct-acting heating elements are in operation.
The temperature rise of the board is determined by means of thermocouples attached to the
back of small blackened disks of copper or brass 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick. The front
of the disk is flush with the surface of the board.
19.3.104 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a folded woollen blanket having a specific mass of approximately
470 g/m is placed on top of the heater. The blanket has the same width as the length of the
heater and is folded into six thicknesses, each fold being equal in width to the distance from
the front of the heater to the wall.
The temperature rise of the surface of the heater under the blanket is determined.
The temperature rise of the air is determined, commencing 20 min after the end of the charging
period. The measurement is made at a distance of 10 mm from the air-outlet grille using the
device shown in Figure 101 Figure 102.
19.13 Addition:
During the tests of 19.3, the temperature rises of the plywood board and the surfaces of the
heater under the blanket shall not exceed 180 K.
The temperature rise of the air shall not exceed 180 K.
19.101 Appliances are operated under normal operation and supplied at rated voltage. The
following fault conditions are introduced one at a time for one cycle of operation, fans, shutters,
flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause the most unfavourable conditions:
– interrupting one of the phases of the supply;
– short-circuiting any control that operates during the test of Clause 11;
– simulating failure of the air-mixing device in the most unfavourable position, unless it can
only fail in a safe position.
NOTE 1 Failure of the air-mixing device can be simulated by rendering the control inoperative.
NOTE 2 The tests are can be limited to those conditions that may be are expected to give the most unfavourable
results.
– 18 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
If the air-mixing device is provided with more than one control, these are rendered inoperative
in turn.
During the test simulating failure of the air-mixing device, temperature rises shall not exceed
– for air-outlet grilles and immediate surrounds
• 180 K, for heaters incorporating fans and having the air-outlet grille located on the front
or sides,
• 180 K, for other heaters during the first 5 min and 155 K after this period;
– 140 K, for other external surfaces of the heater;
– 100 K, for the floor of the test corner.
19.102 Appliances provided with outlets to supply air to more than one room shall not be
damaged
...

IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
EXTENDED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
This full version of IEC 60335-2-61:2024 includes the content of the references made to
IEC 60335-1:2020
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.

Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need

further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
EXTENDED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
This full version of IEC 60335-2-61:2024 includes the content of the references made to
IEC 60335-1:2020
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.120; 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-9726-1

IEC 60335-1:2020/ISH1:2021 – 1 –
© IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60335-1
Edition 6.0  2020-09
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES – SAFETY –

Part 1: General requirements
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61: Safety of
household and similar electrical appliances.
The text of this Interpretation Sheet is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61/5999/DISH 61/6009/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
___________
INTRODUCTION
Edition 6 of IEC 60335-1:2020 defines and introduces requirements for a detachable
power supply part of an appliance. In the document, 24.2 prohibits the use of a power
supply in a flexible cord.
QUESTION:
Does Subclause 24.2 prohibit the use of a detachable power supply part?
ANSWER
No, a "detachable power supply part" is a defined term and is not captured by the term
"power supply" as used in Subclause 24.2.
NOTE A detachable power supply part is captured by the defined term when the output of the power supply
part is detachable from the class III construction part of the appliance at:
– the power supply part, or
– the class III construction part of the appliance.
However, the supply cord (if any) does not have to be detachable from the detachable power supply part.
ICS 13.120; 97.030
IEC 60335-1:2020-09/ISH1:2021-11(en)

– 2 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-1:2020 . 9
INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-2-61:2024 . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 18
4 General requirement . 29
5 General conditions for the tests . 29
6 Classification . 34
7 Marking and instructions . 34
8 Protection against access to live parts . 44
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 46
10 Power input and current . 46
11 Heating . 48
12 Charging of metal-ion batteries . 55
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 57
14 Transient overvoltages . 59
15 Moisture resistance . 60
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 63
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 65
18 Endurance . 65
19 Abnormal operation . 65
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 77
21 Mechanical strength . 79
22 Construction . 80
23 Internal wiring . 94
24 Components . 96
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 101
26 Terminals for external conductors . 109
27 Provision for earthing . 111
28 Screws and connections . 113
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 115
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 124
31 Resistance to rusting . 128
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 128
Annex A (informative) Routine tests . 143
Annex B (normative) Battery-operated appliances, separable batteries and detachable
batteries for battery-operated appliances . 145
Annex C (normative) Ageing test on motors . 166
Annex D (normative) Thermal motor protectors . 167
Annex E (normative) Needle-flame test . 168
Annex F (normative) Capacitors . 169

Annex G (normative) Safety isolating transformers . 171
Annex H (normative) Switches . 172
Annex I (normative) Motors having basic insulation that is inadequate for the rated
voltage of the appliance . 174
Annex J (normative) Coated printed circuit boards . 176
Annex K (informative) Overvoltage categories . 177
Annex L (informative) Guidance for the measurement of clearances and creepage

distances . 178
Annex M (informative) Pollution degree . 181
Annex N (normative) Proof tracking test . 182
Annex O (informative) Selection and sequence of the tests of Clause 30 . 183
Annex P (informative) Guidance for the application of this standard to appliances
used in tropical climates . 188
Annex Q (informative) Sequence of tests for the evaluation of electronic circuits . 190
Annex R (normative) Software evaluation . 193
Annex S (informative) Guidance for the application of this standard on measurement
of power input and current based on the requirements of 10.1 and 10.2 concerning the

representative period . 207
Annex T (normative) UV-C radiation effect on non-metallic materials . 208
Annex U (normative) Appliances intended for remote communication through public
networks . 211
Annex AA (informative) Immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles . 215
Bibliography . 216
Index of defined terms . 219

Figure 1 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for single-phase connection of class II appliances and for parts of class ll construction . 129
Figure 2 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for single-phase connection of other than class II appliances or parts of class ll
construction . 130
Figure 3 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for three-phase with neutral class II appliances and for parts of class ll construction . 131
Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for leakage current measurement at operating temperature
for three-phase with neutral appliances other than those of class II or parts of class ll
construction . 132
Figure 5 – Small part . 133
Figure 6 – Example of an electronic circuit with low-power points . 133
Figure 7 – Test finger nail . 134
Figure 8 – Flexing test apparatus . 135
Figure 9 – Constructions of cord anchorages . 136
Figure 10 – An example of parts of an earthing terminal . 137
Figure 11 – Examples of clearances . 138
Figure 12 – Example of the placement of the cylinder . 139
Figure 13 – Small parts cylinder . 140
Figure 14 – Example of a specified operating region of a lithium-ion cell during
charging . 141
Figure 101 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 141

– 4 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
Figure 102 – Device for determining the air temperature rise . 142
Figure B.1 – Examples of battery-operated appliance constructions and application of
normative Annex B (1 of 2) . 163
Figure B.2 – Examples of correct polarity connection marking representing three
batteries . 165
Figure I.1 – Simulation of faults . 175
Figure L.1 – Sequence for the determination of clearances . 178
Figure L.2 – Sequence for the determination of creepage distances . 179
Figure L.3 – Measurement of clearances . 180
Figure O.1 – Tests for resistance to heat . 183
Figure O.2 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in hand-held
appliances . 184
Figure O.3 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in attended
appliances . 184
Figure O.4 – Selection and sequence of tests for resistance to fire in unattended

appliances . 185
Figure O.5 – Some applications of the term "within a distance of 3 mm" . 187
Figure Q.1 – Flowchart outlining the sequence of tests for the evaluation of electronic
circuits (1 of 2) . 191
Figure S.1 – Flowchart giving guidance on measurement of power input and current
concerning the representative period . 207
Figure AA.1 – Typical cross-sections of immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles . 215

Table 1 – Power input deviation . 46
Table 2 – Current deviation . 47
Table 3 – Maximum normal temperature rises . 51
Table 101 – Temperature rises for specified external accessible surfaces under normal
operating conditions. 55
Table 4 – Voltage for electric strength test . 59
Table 5 – Characteristics of high-voltage sources . 59
Table 6 – Impulse test voltage . 60
Table 7 – Test voltages. 64
Table 8 – Maximum winding temperature . 69
Table 9 – Maximum abnormal temperature rise . 74
Table 10 – Dimensions of cables and conduits . 102
Table 11 – Minimum cross-sectional area of conductors . 104
Table 12 – Pull force and torque . 106
Table 13 – Nominal cross-sectional area of conductors . 110
Table 14 – Torque for testing screws and nuts . 114
Table 15 – Rated impulse voltage . 116
Table 16 – Minimum clearances . 117
Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation . 121
Table 18 – Minimum creepage distances for functional insulation . 122
Table 19 – Minimum thickness for accessible parts of reinforced insulation consisting
of a single layer . 124
Table A.1 – Test voltages . 144

Table B.1 – Artificial source characteristics . 147
Table B.2 – Total area of openings for metal-ion cells . 155
Table B.3 – Volume of air injected at 2 070 kPa . 155
Table C.1 – Test conditions . 166
Table R.1 – General fault/error conditions . 195
Table R.2 – Specific fault/error conditions . 197
Table R.3 – Semi-formal methods . 203
Table R.4 – Software architecture specification . 203
Table R.5 – Module design specification . 204
Table R.6 – Design and coding standards . 205
Table R.7 – Software safety validation . 205
Table T.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV-C exposure . 209
Table T.2 – Minimum electric strength for internal wiring after UV-C exposure . 210
Table U.1 – Examples of acceptable measures against unauthorised access and
transmission fault/error modes . 213

– 6 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s).
IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect
thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which may
be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the
latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This extended version (EXV) of the official IEC Standard provides the user with the
comprehensive content of the Standard.
made to IEC 60335-1:2020.
The specific content of IEC 60335-2-61:2024 is displayed on a blue background.

IEC 60335-2-61 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and
similar electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002,
Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) deletion or conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 7.1, 10.1, 19.3.102,
24.101);
c) application of test probe 19 has been introduced (8.1.1, 20.2);
d) temperature limits have been updated and requirements for measurement were defined
(Clause 11.3, 11.8, Table 101);
e) implementation of Figure 101 with the probe for measuring surface temperatures.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61/7268/FDIS 61/7291/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification", or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional Annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;

– 8 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The following differing practices, of a less permanent nature exist in the countries indicated
below.
– 7.1: All thermal-storage room heaters have to be marked with a warning against covering
(Sweden).
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-1:2020
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 supporting documents on the IEC website –
www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules may differ.
If the functions of an appliance are covered by different parts 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2
is applied to each function separately, as far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of
one function on the other is taken into account.
Throughout this publication, when "part 2" is mentioned, it refers to the relevant part of
IEC 60335.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
Individual countries may wish to consider the application of this standard, as far as is
reasonable, to appliances not mentioned in a part 2, and to appliances designed on new
principles. In this case, consideration should be given to defining normal operation, specifying
the classification of the appliance according to Clause 6 and specifying whether the appliance
is operated attended or unattended. Consideration should also be given to particular categories
of likely users and to related specific risks such as access to live parts, hot surfaces or

hazardous moving parts.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of this standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features which impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.

– 10 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with this
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.

INTRODUCTION to IEC 60335-2-61:2024
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features that impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with the
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.

– 12 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of electric thermal-storage room heaters for
household and similar purposes that are intended to heat the room in which they are located,
their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other
appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of
danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laypersons in shops, in light
industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account:
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– this standard only applies to self-contained thermal-storage room heaters. However, it
can be used as a guide, in so far as it reasonably applies, to determine the requirements
and test specifications for other thermal-storage room heaters;
– for heaters incorporating direct-acting heating elements, IEC 60335-2-30 is also applicable;
– for heaters intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– appliances intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
– heaters incorporated in the building structure;
– central heating systems;
– heaters for saunas (IEC 60335-2-53);
– flexible sheet heating elements for room heating (IEC 60335-2-96);
– heaters intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60061-1, Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability
and safety – Part 1: Lamp caps
IEC 60065:2014, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing – Part 2-31: Tests – Test Ec: Rough handling shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens
IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC TR 60083, Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in
member countries of IEC
IEC 60085:2007, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60112:2003, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices
of solid insulating materials
IEC 60112:2003/AMD1:2009
IEC 60127 (all parts), Miniature fuses
IEC 60227 (all parts), Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including
450/750 V
IEC 60227-5:2011, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including
450/750 V – Part 5: Flexible cables (cords)
IEC 60238, Edison screw lampholders
IEC 60245 (all parts), Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V
IEC 60252-1:2010, AC motor capacitors – Part 1: General – Performance, testing and rating –
Safety requirements – Guidance for installation and operation
IEC 60252-1:2010/AMD1:2013
IEC 60309-2, Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes – Part 2: Dimensional
interchangeability requirements for pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC 60320 (all parts), Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes
___________
There exists a consolidated edition 4.1:2009 that includes edition 4 and its Amendment 1.
There exists a consolidated edition 2.1:2013 that includes edition 2 and its Amendment 1.

– 14 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 EXV © IEC 2024
IEC 60320-1, Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60320-2-3, Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes – Part 2-3:
Appliance couplers with a degree of protection higher than IPX0
IEC 60320-3, Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes – Part 3: Standard
sheets and gauges
IEC 60335-2-30, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-30: Particular
requirements for room heaters
IEC 60384-14:2013, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 14: Sectional
specification – Fixed ca
...

IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –
Partie 2-61: Exigences particulières pour les appareils de chauffage à
accumulation
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.

Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need

further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Recherche de publications IEC -  IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications, symboles
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, graphiques et le glossaire. Avec un abonnement, vous aurez
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les toujours accès à un contenu à jour adapté à vos besoins.
projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées.

Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au monde,
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
avec plus de 22 500 articles terminologiques en anglais et en
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans 25 langues
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire

Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc

Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
[e-mail].
IEC 60335-2-61 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety –

Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal storage room heaters

Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Sécurité –

Partie 2-61: Exigences particulières pour les appareils de chauffage à

accumulation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.120; 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-9589-2

– 2 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General requirement . 10
5 General conditions for the tests . 10
6 Classification . 10
7 Marking and instructions . 10
8 Protection against access to live parts . 12
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances . 12
10 Power input and current . 12
11 Heating . 13
12 Charging of metal-ion batteries . 15
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature . 15
14 Transient overvoltages . 16
15 Moisture resistance . 16
16 Leakage current and electric strength . 16
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 16
18 Endurance . 16
19 Abnormal operation . 16
20 Stability and mechanical hazards . 18
21 Mechanical strength . 19
22 Construction . 19
23 Internal wiring . 20
24 Components . 20
25 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 20
26 Terminals for external conductors . 20
27 Provision for earthing . 21
28 Screws and connections . 21
29 Clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation . 21
30 Resistance to heat and fire . 21
31 Resistance to rusting . 21
32 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 21
Annexes . 23
Annex AA (informative) Immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles . 24
Bibliography . 25

Figure 101 – Probe for measuring surface temperatures . 21
Figure 102 – Device for determining the air temperature rise . 22
Figure AA.1 – Typical cross-sections of immediate surrounds of air-outlet grilles . 24

Table 101 – Temperature rises for specified external accessible surfaces under normal
operating conditions . 15

– 4 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60335-2-61 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 61: Safety of household and
similar electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002,
Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) deletion or conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1, 7.1, 10.1, 19.3.102,
24.101);
c) application of test probe 19 has been introduced (8.1.1, 20.2);

d) temperature limits have been updated and requirements for measurement were defined
(Clause 11.3, 11.8, Table 101);
e) implementation of Figure 101 with the probe for measuring surface temperatures.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
61/7268/FDIS 61/7291/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60335 series, under the general title: Household and similar
electrical appliances – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its
amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not
preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When "Part 1" is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60335-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60335-1, so as to convert
that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room
heaters.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies as
far as is reasonable. When this standard states "addition", "modification", or "replacement", the
relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional Annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 The following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
The following differing practices, of a less permanent nature exist in the countries indicated
below.
– 7.1: All thermal-storage room heaters have to be marked with a warning against covering
(Sweden).
– 6 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE 4 The attention of National Committees is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations can need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC publication in
which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for conducting new or
revised tests.
It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be adopted for implementation nationally
not earlier than 12 months or later than 36 months from the date of publication.

INTRODUCTION
It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its
provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced persons.
Guidance documents concerning the application of the safety requirements for appliances can
be accessed via TC 61 supporting documents on the IEC website
https://www.iec.ch/tc61/supportingdocuments
This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does
not constitute a replacement for the normative text in this standard.
This standard recognizes the internationally accepted level of protection against hazards such
as electrical, mechanical, thermal, fire and radiation of appliances when operated as in normal
use taking into account the manufacturer's instructions. It also covers abnormal situations that
can be expected in practice and takes into account the way in which electromagnetic
phenomena can affect the safe operation of appliances.
This standard takes into account the requirements of IEC 60364 as far as possible so that there
is compatibility with the wiring rules when the appliance is connected to the supply mains.
However, national wiring rules can differ.
If an appliance within the scope of this standard also incorporates functions that are covered
by another part 2 of IEC 60335, the relevant part 2 is applied to each function separately, as
far as is reasonable. If applicable, the influence of one function on the other is taken into
account.
When a part 2 standard does not include additional requirements to cover hazards dealt with in
Part 1, Part 1 applies.
NOTE 1 This means that the technical committees responsible for the part 2 standards have determined that it is
not necessary to specify particular requirements for the appliance in question over and above the general
requirements.
This standard is a product family standard dealing with the safety of appliances and takes
precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
NOTE 2 Horizontal publications, basic safety publications and group safety publications covering a hazard are not
applicable since they have been taken into consideration when developing the general and particular requirements
for the IEC 60335 series of standards.
An appliance that complies with the text of this standard will not necessarily be considered to
comply with the safety principles of the standard if, when examined and tested, it is found to
have other features that impair the level of safety covered by these requirements.
An appliance employing materials or having forms of construction differing from those detailed
in the requirements of this standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of the
requirements and, if found to be substantially equivalent, may be considered to comply with the
standard.
NOTE 3 Standards dealing with non-safety aspects of household appliances are:
– IEC standards published by TC 59 concerning methods of measuring performance;
– CISPR 11, CISPR 14-1 and relevant IEC 61000-3 series standards concerning electromagnetic emissions;
– CISPR 14-2 concerning electromagnetic immunity;
– IEC standards published by TC 111 concerning environmental matters.

– 8 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
SAFETY –
Part 2-61: Particular requirements for thermal-storage room heaters

1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of electric thermal-storage room heaters for
household and similar purposes that are intended to heat the room in which they are located,
their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other
appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.
Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of
danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laypersons in shops, in light
industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances
that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not
take into account:
– persons (including children) whose
• physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or
• lack of experience and knowledge
prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
– children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
– this standard only applies to self-contained thermal-storage room heaters. However, it
can be used as a guide, in so far as it reasonably applies, to determine the requirements
and test specifications for other thermal-storage room heaters;
– for heaters incorporating direct-acting heating elements, IEC 60335-2-30 is also applicable;
– for heaters intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities,
the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to
– appliances intended exclusively for industrial purposes;
– heaters incorporated in the building structure;
– central heating systems;
– heaters for saunas (IEC 60335-2-53);
– flexible sheet heating elements for room heating (IEC 60335-2-96);
– heaters intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the
presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).

2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
IEC 60335-2-30, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-30: Particular
requirements for room heaters
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles
for safety signs and safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
3.1 Definitions relating to physical characteristics
3.1.9 Modification:
normal operation
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
operation of the appliance under the following conditions:
The heater is operated in cycles, each cycle having a duration of 24 h and consisting of a
charging period and a discharging period. The charging period is terminated when all heating
elements are disconnected for the first time by the devices controlling the temperature of the
core (charge controls).
3.1.101
rated charging period
longest uninterrupted charging period assigned to the heater by the manufacturer
3.1.102
rated charge
energy consumption assigned to the heater by the manufacturer for a rated charging period
3.5 Definitions relating to types of appliances
3.5.101
thermal-storage room heater
heater constructed to store heat obtained from electrical energy in a heat-accumulating core
and to discharge it at any time
3.5.102
controlled-output heater
thermal-storage room heater, the heat output of which can be controlled by means such as
fans, shutters or flaps
3.5.103
free-output heater
thermal-storage room heater, the heat output of which is discharged by natural convection
and radiation and can only be varied by adjusting the charge

– 10 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
4 General requirement
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
5.5 Addition:
For controlled-output heaters having auxiliary air-outlets, air is discharged only through the
main outlet into the room where the heater is situated.
NOTE 101 Movable parts include accessories supplied with the heater, such as shelves and humidifiers.
5.6 Addition:
Thermostats sensitive to the room air temperature, such as those having a sensing element
located in the air-inlet, are short-circuited.
5.9 Addition:
When it is specified that direct-acting heating elements are operated together with the storage
heating elements, this only applies if allowed by the construction.
6 Classification
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
6.1 Modification:
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
Thermal-storage room heaters shall be class I, class II or class III.
7 Marking and instructions
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
7.1 Modification:
Appliances shall be marked with rated power input.
Addition:
Appliances shall be marked with
– the rated charging period, in hours;
– the mass of the assembled appliance, in kilograms.
For appliances provided with more than one means of connection to the supply, each supply
circuit shall be marked with rated voltage, rated power input and the symbol for nature of
supply.
If the temperature rises determined during the tests of Clause 19 exceed the limits specified in
Clause 11, appliances shall be marked with symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01), or with the
substance of the following:
– WARNING: Do not cover.
7.6 Addition:
[symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01)] do not cover

7.10 Addition:
Charging controls shall not be marked with the off position unless they have a contact
separation in all poles to provide full disconnection under overvoltage category III conditions.
However, disconnection of the neutral pole is not required for single phase appliances
permanently connected to a system with an earthed neutral (TN-S-C system).
7.12 Addition:
The instructions shall be given on a durable card or in a booklet and shall include the substance
of the following:
– these instructions should be retained for future reference;
– fumes may be emitted during the first few operations of the heater and the room should be
kept well ventilated.
The instructions shall also include
– the rated charge;
– the minimum distance to be maintained between the heater and combustible materials, such
as furniture and curtains.
If the temperature rises determined during the tests of Clause 19 exceed the limits specified in
Clause 11, the instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– do not cover;
– do not place objects in contact with the heater.
If symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01) is marked on the appliance, its meaning shall be
explained.
7.12.1 Addition:
The installation instructions shall include the substance of the following:
– the installation of the heater should be carried out by trained personnel;
– if, during reassembly of the heater, a part of the thermal insulation shows damage or
deterioration, it should be replaced by an identical part;
– to maintain stability, it is essential that the heater is placed on a level surface and care
should be taken to avoid irregular surfaces, such as may result from carpets or tiled
surrounds partially protruding under the heater.

– 12 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
The installation instructions shall also include
– a circuit diagram with a clear indication of the terminals;
– details for fixing the heater to the floor or for fixing the heater to the wall, including the
minimum mounting height (if applicable).
7.14 Addition:
The height of symbol IEC 60417-6096 (2012-01) shall be at least 15 mm.
The height of the words "Do not cover" shall be at least 3 mm.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
7.15 Addition:
The marking concerning covering shall be visible after the heater has been installed.
8 Protection against access to live parts
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
8.1.1 Addition:
For parts of appliances situated not more than 850 mm above the floor after installation or in
normal use, in addition to the use of test probe 18, test probe 19 of IEC 61032 is also applied
wherever test probe 18 is used and with the same test conditions used for test probe 18.
8.1.3 Addition:
Test probe 19 is not applied.
9 Starting of motor-operated appliances
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
10 Power input and current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
10.1 Addition:
Heaters are installed as specified in 11.2.
The power input of the storage heating elements is measured during the charging period, any
fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
The power input of direct-acting heating elements is measured during a discharge period, any
fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause maximum heat discharge.
The total power input for each means of connection to the supply is measured with all controls
adjusted to the position resulting in the highest power input.

For heaters incorporating motors, the tolerances specified for heating appliances apply.
10.101 The heater shall accept at least 100 % of the rated charge.
Compliance is checked by measuring the energy consumption for one rated charging period.
The heater is initially at room temperature and is operated at rated power input. Charge
controls, if adjustable by the user, are placed at the maximum setting. Any fans, shutters, flaps
and similar devices are adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
11 Heating
The clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
11.2 Replacement:
Built-in appliances are built in.
Other heaters are placed in a test corner.
Dull black-painted plywood approximately 20 mm thick is used for the test corner and for the
installation of built-in heaters. The test corner extends at least 300 mm beyond the heater. A
wooden board, having a height of 120 mm and a thickness of 15 mm, is fixed along the full
length of the walls of the test corner and in contact with the floor.
Apertures on the underside of the heater that are within 25 mm of the floor are blocked.
Heaters are positioned in the test corner as follows:
– heaters normally used on a floor are placed on the floor as near to the walls as possible;
– heaters normally fixed to a wall are mounted on one of the walls, as near to the other wall
and to the floor as is likely, unless otherwise stated in the installation instructions.
If a stationary heater has an opening at floor level, a felt pad 20 mm thick is placed on the
floor and pushed without appreciable force into the opening as far as the construction will
permit. If a guard is provided or if the opening is too small to permit the entry of the pad, the
pad is pushed as close as possible against the opening.
NOTE The purpose of the felt pad is to simulate a carpet that might restrict the airflow.
A dull black-painted plywood block having dimensions of 75 mm × 75 mm × 20 mm is placed
on the floor of the test corner under the hottest part of the heater, if possible.
11.3 Addition:
The temperature rises of the felt pad and the plywood block are also determined by means of
thermocouples attached to the small blackened disks.
Thermocouples are placed on the surface of the felt pad and on the centre of the plywood block.
Where the external accessible surfaces are suitably flat and access permits, then the test
probe of Figure 101 is used to measure the temperature rises of external accessible surfaces
specified in Table 101. The probe is applied with a force of 4 N ± 1 N to the surface in such a
way that the best possible contact between the probe and the surface is ensured. The
measurement is performed after a contact period of 30 s.

– 14 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
The probe may be held in place using a laboratory stand clamp or similar device. Any measuring
instrument giving the same results as the probe may be used.
11.6 Replacement:
Combined appliances are operated as heating appliances.
11.7 Modification:
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
Controlled-output heaters are subjected to three cycles of normal operation and free-output
heaters are subjected to two cycles of normal operation.
The heater is charged until the charge control operates for the first time.
For controlled-output heaters, during the discharge period for the first and third cycles of
operation, shutters, flaps and similar devices are adjusted to cause minimum heat discharge.
During this period, fans are operated at minimum speed or are switched off, if possible. For the
second cycle of operation, fans, shutters and similar devices are adjusted to cause maximum
heat discharge during the discharge period and are operated 15 min after the end of the
charging period.
If it is likely that higher temperature rises will result if fans, shutters, flaps and similar devices
are adjusted to cause intermediate heat discharge, an additional cycle of normal operation is
carried out under these conditions.
If direct-acting heating elements can be operated simultaneously, they are energised during the
test.
11.8 Modification:
In Part 1, add the following to footnote "k" of Table 3: "Similar parts held for short periods
include handles or grips of vents and air shutters."
Addition:
In Table 3, heaters are considered liable to be operated continuously for long periods.
The temperature rises of surfaces of heaters shall not exceed the values shown in Table 101,
the measurements commencing 20 min after the end of the charging period.

Table 101 – Temperature rises for specified external
accessible surfaces under normal operating conditions
a
Temperature rise
Surface
K
Heaters for mounting at high level No limit
f
No limit
Fireguards and their immediate surrounds
d f e
Air-outlet grilles and their immediate surrounds that are accessible to the test probe :
d
– for heaters incorporating fans, having the air outlet grille located on the sides or front
of the heater;
– for other heaters. 130
e
Other surfaces that are accessible to the test probe :
– of bare metal 85
c b
– of glass, ceramic, plastic or coated metal
Surface of the felt pad or plywood block 60
NOTE The temperature rise limits of handles, knobs, grips, keyboards, keypads and similar parts are specified
in Table 3.
a
Temperature rises are not measured on:
− the underside/base of appliances intended to be used on a working surface or floor provided that the
clearance from the floor is less than 30 mm;
− the rear/back surface of wall-mounted appliances that is parallel to the wall when according to the
instructions, shall be placed against a wall or have a wall clearance less than 30 mm when wall-mounted;
− surfaces that are not accessible with test probe 41 of IEC 61032;
− surfaces which are not accessible to the test probe e and which are intentionally heated by an internal
heat source and which have to be hot to carry out the intended function of the appliance.
b
Metal is considered coated when a coating having a minimum thickness of 90 µm made of enamel, powder or
non-substantially plastic coating is used.
c
The temperature rise limit of plastic also applies for plastic material having a metal finish of thickness less
than 0,1 mm.
d
If the air-outlet grille cannot be identified and the air is emitted through a substantial part of the enclosure, the
temperature rise limits for surfaces that are accessible to the test probe e apply.
e
The test probe is 75 mm in diameter, of unrestricted length and with a hemispherical end.
f
Immediate surrounds are the surfaces within a distance of 100 mm from the air-outlet grille measured vertically
above the openings and within a distance of 25 mm in the other directions. See informative Annex AA for
typical cross-sections of immediate surrounds of air-outlets.

12 Charging of metal-ion batteries
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
13 Leakage current and electric strength at operating temperature
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
13.1 Modification:
The tests are carried out at the end of the charging period of the last cycle of operation specified
in 11.7, before operation of the charge control.

– 16 – IEC 60335-2-61:2024 © IEC 2024
The tests are also carried out with motors and direct-acting heating elements operating during
the discharge period.
14 Transient overvoltages
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
15 Moisture resistance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
15.2 Addition:
For appliances having a horizontal surface at the top, 0,25 l of the spillage solution is poured
over the top of the appliance during a period of 5 s.
16 Leakage current and electric strength
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
17 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
18 Endurance
This clause of Part 1 is not applicable.
19 Abnormal operation
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
19.1 Modification:
Instead of the tests specified, appliances are subjected to the tests of 19.3, 19.11, 19.12
and 19.101.
Appliances incorporating motors are also subjected to the test of 19.7.
19.3 Replacement:
Appliances are operated as specified in Clause 11 but under the conditions of 19.3.101 to
19.3.104, the power input being 1,24 times rated power input.
19.3.101 Controlled-output heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under
conditions of minimum heat discharge.
19.3.102 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a woollen blanket having a specific mass of approximately
470 g/m and having the same width as the heater is placed from the wall, over the top and
down the front of the heater.
The blanket between the wall and the heater is allowed to drop behind the heater. Care is to be
taken to ensure that the blanket is not held away from the front of the heater.
The temperature rise of the surface of the heater under the blanket is determined.
19.3.103 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a black-painted plywood board is placed in the most unfavourable
position against the front surface of the heater. The board has a thickness of 13 mm, its height
is at least equal to the height of the heater and its width equal to 75 % of the width of the heater
or 60 cm, whichever is greater.
Direct-acting heating elements are in operation.
The temperature rise of the board is determined by means of thermocouples attached to the
back of small blackened disks of copper or brass 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick. The front
of the disk is flush with the surface of the board.
19.3.104 Heaters are subjected to one cycle of normal operation under conditions of
maximum heat discharge.
During the discharge period, a folded woollen blanket having a specific mass of approximately
470 g/m is placed on top of the heater. The blanket has the same width as the length of the
heater and is folded into six thicknesses, each fold being equal in width to the distance from
the front of the heater to the wall.
The temperature rise of the surface of the heater under the blanket is determined.
The temperature rise of the air is determined, commencing 20 min after the end of the charging
period. The measurement is made at a distance of 10 mm from the air-outlet grille using the
device shown in Figure 102.
19.13 Addition:
During the tests of 19.3, the temperature rises of the plywood board and the surfaces of the
heater under the blanket shall not exceed 180 K.
The temperature rise of the air shall not exceed 180 K.
19.101 Appliances are operated under normal operation and supplied at rated voltage. The
following fault conditions are introduced one at a time for one cycle of operation, fans, shutters,
flaps and similar devices being adjusted to cause the most unfavourable conditions:
– interrupting one of the phases of the supply;
– short-circuiting any control that operates during the test of Clause 11;
– simulating failure of the air-mixing device in the most unfavourable position, unl
...