IEC 60068-2-5:2018
(Main)Environmental testing - Part 2-5: Tests - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
Environmental testing - Part 2-5: Tests - Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
IEC 60068-2-5:2018 specifies the methods for testing equipment or components under simulated solar radiation conditions. This document is applicable to the equipment and components at the surface of the earth. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the title of this document has been modified;
- the current thermal effect test method, specified as "Test method Sa" has been retained and the weathering test method specified as "Test method Sb" has been added.
Essais d’environnement – Partie 2-5: Essais – Essai S: Rayonnement solaire simulé au niveau du sol et recommandations pour les essais de rayonnement solaire et le vieillissement aux intempéries
L’IEC 60068-2-5:2018 spécifie les méthodes d’essai pour les équipements ou les composants soumis à des conditions de rayonnement solaire simulé.
Ce document est applicable aux équipements et aux composants qui se trouvent à la surface de la Terre.
La présente version bilingue (2018-10) correspond à la version anglaise monolingue publiée en 2018-04.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2010. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
- le titre du présent document a été modifié;
- la méthode d’essai existante relative aux effets thermiques, spécifiée en tant que "Méthode d’essai Sa" a été conservée et la méthode d’essai de vieillissement aux intempéries, spécifiée en tant que "Méthode d’essai Sb" a été ajoutée. La version française de cette norme n'a pas été soumise au vote.
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IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-5514-8
– 2 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General remarks . 8
4.1 Overview. 8
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation . 8
4.3 Spectral irradiance of solar radiation . 8
4.4 Radiation source . 9
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test . 9
5.1 Conditioning . 9
5.1.1 General . 9
5.1.2 Temperature . 9
5.1.3 Humidity . 9
5.1.4 Ozone and other contamination gases . 9
5.1.5 Surface contamination . 10
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 10
5.1.7 Test facility . 10
5.1.8 Test apparatus . 10
5.2 Initial measurements . 11
5.3 Testing . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Procedure Sa 1 – 24 h cycle, 8 h irradiation and 16 h darkness,
repeated as required . 11
5.3.3 Procedure Sa 2 – 24 h cycle, 20 h irradiation and 4 h darkness,
repeated as required . 11
5.3.4 Procedure Sa 3 – Continuous irradiation as required . 11
5.4 Final measurements . 13
6 Test method Sb: Weathering test with or without wetting . 13
6.1 Test apparatus . 13
6.1.1 Laboratory radiation source . 13
6.1.2 Test chamber. 14
6.1.3 Temperature . 14
6.1.4 Humidity . 15
6.1.5 Spray cycle . 15
6.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 15
6.1.7 Ozone and other contaminating gases . 15
6.1.8 Surface contamination . 15
6.2 Initial measurements . 15
6.3 Testing . 15
6.3.1 General . 15
6.3.2 Test duration . 16
6.3.3 Test procedure . 16
6.3.4 Ancillary environmental conditions . 16
6.4 Final measurements . 16
7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 17
8 Information to be given in the test report. 17
Annex A (informative) Standard solar spectral irradiance . 18
Annex B (informative) Radiation source . 20
B.1 General . 20
B.2 Filters . 20
B.3 Uniformity of irradiance . 20
Annex C (informative) Typical apparatus for weathering . 21
Annex D (informative) Instrumentation . 23
D.1 General . 23
D.2 Measurement of irradiance . 23
D.3 Measurement of spectral irradiance . 23
D.4 Measurement of temperature . 23
D.5 Difference between insulated black panel and uninsulated black panel
thermometer . 23
Bibliography . 24
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance at sea level . 8
Figure 2 – Test procedures Sa 1, Sa 2 and Sa 3 . 13
Figure C.1 – Example of test apparatus . 21
Figure C.2 – Example of test apparatus with flat array . 22
Table 1 – Spectral irradiance . 9
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance . 10
Table 3 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters . 14
Table 4 – Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamp(s) with window glass filters . 14
Table 5 – Exposure cycles . 16
Table A.1 – Comparison of basic atmospheric conditions used for the solar spectrum
defined in ASTM G 177 and that defined in CIE 85:1989, Table 4 . 19
Table A.2 – Irradiance comparison for the ASTM G 177 solar spectrum and the
CIE 85:1989, Table 4, solar spectrum . 19
– 4 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104:
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the title of this document has been modified;
b) the current thermal effect test method, specified as "Test method Sa" has been retained
and the weathering test method specified as "Test method Sb" has been added.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
104/735/CDV 104/789/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental
testing, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
– 6 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60068 describes methods of simulation designed to examine the effect of
solar radiation on equipment and components at the surface of the earth. The main
characteristics of the environment to be simulated are the spectral irradiance of solar
radiation, as observed at the earth's surface, and the intensity of received energy, in
combination with controlled temperature conditions. However, the combination of solar
radiation with other environments, for example temperature, humidity, water spray (to
simulate wetting) and air velocity, should be considered. Two different methods are described,
one aiming at the thermal effects, a second aiming at the weathering effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60068-2 specifies the methods for testing equipment or components under
simulated solar radiation conditions.
This document is applicable to the equipment and components at the surface of the earth.
The purpose of testing is to investigate to what extent the equipment or components are
affected by simulated solar radiation in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering
effects (temperature, humidity and/or wetting) that occur when they are exposed in actual
end-use environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass. This document
specifies two test methods, test method Sa: thermal effect test, and test method Sb:
weathering test.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60068-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
black standard temperature
insulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen's(s') surface temperature measured by an insulated
black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a resistance
temperature sensor embedded in insulating material (white PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride)
attached
Note 1 to entry: More details are described in ISO 4892-1.
– 8 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material with thermal
insulating properties and for control in weathering test apparatus.
3.2
black panel temperature
uninsulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen's(s') surface temperature measured by an
uninsulated black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a
resistance temperature sensor attached
Note 1 to entry: More details are described in ISO 4892-1.
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material and for control in
weathering test apparatus.
4 General remarks
4.1 Overview
The effect of solar radiation on the test specimen(s) will depend on the level of irradiance, the
spectral irradiance, the location, the time of day and the sensitivity of the material of the test
specimen(s).
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation
The irradiance at sea level is influenced by the solar constant and the attenuation and
scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere. For test purposes, CIE 85:1989, Table 4 gives
a value of 1 090 W/m for the global solar radiation at the surface of the earth from the sun at
zenith; this value is based on a solar constant E = 1 367 W/m .
4.3 Spectral irradiance of solar radiation
The standard spectral irradiance of the global solar radiation specified for this test, in
accordance with the recommendations of CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (see Annex A), is given in
Figure 1 and in Table 1.
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5
Wavelength (µm)
IEC
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance at sea level
–2 –1
Spectral irradiance (Wm µm )
Table 1 – Spectral irradiance
a
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
2 2 2 2 2
Irradiance 4,06 W/m 70,5 W/m 604,2 W/m 411,2 W/m 1 090 W/m
Proportion of
0,4 % 6,4 % 55,4 % 37,8 % 100 %
total radiation
NOTE This table is a condensed version of CIE 85:1989, Table 4.
a
Radiation shorter than 300 nm reaching the earth’s surface is insignificant
4.4 Radiation source
If the source of radiation used for the test does not meet the standard spectral distribution
given in Table 1, the exact spectral absorption data of the material and the exact spectral
irradiance of the alternative radiation source in the range from 300 nm to about 3 000 nm and
for the solid angle of 2π sr above the specimen surface shall be known or measured.
Detail of a radiation source is described in Annex B.
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test
5.1 Conditioning
5.1.1 General
During the entire test, the irradiation, the temperature within the chamber, the humidity and
any other specified environmental conditions shall be maintained at the levels appropriate to
the particular test procedure specified in the relevant specification. The relevant specification
shall state which preconditioning requirements are to be applied.
Detail of instrumentation is described in Annex D.
5.1.2 Temperature
The temperature within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be
controlled in accordance with the procedure (Sa 1, Sa 2 or Sa 3) specified.
NOTE Additionally, an insulated black panel thermometer or an uninsulated black panel thermometer can be used
to measure the maximum surface temperature. This temperature can be influenced by ventilation.
5.1.3 Humidity
Different humidity conditions, particularly condensation, can markedly affect photochemical
degradation of materials, paints, plastics, etc. If applicable, the values given in
IEC 60068-2-78 should be used.
The relevant specification shall state the humidity and whether it is to be maintained during
a) the irradiation periods only;
b) the periods of darkness only;
c) the whole test duration.
5.1.4 Ozone and other contamination gases
Ozone, generated by short wavelength ultra-violet test sources, will normally be excluded
from the test chamber by the radiation filter(s) used to correct the spectral energy distribution.
– 10 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
As ozone and other contaminating gases can significantly affect the degradation processes of
certain materials, it is important to exclude these gases from the test chamber, unless
otherwise required by the relevant specification.
5.1.5 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contamination may significantly change the absorption characteristics
of irradiated surfaces. Unless otherwise required, specimens should be tested in a clean
condition. However, if effects of surface contamination are to be assessed, the relevant
specification should include the necessary information on preparation of surfaces, etc.
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s)
The specimen(s) to be tested shall be placed either on raised support, on a turntable or a
specified substrate of known thermal conductivity and thermal capacity within the chamber as
stated in the relevant specification, and so spaced from other specimen(s) as to avoid
shielding from the source of radiation or re-radiated heat. Temperature sensors should be
attached to specimen(s) as required.
5.1.7 Test facility
It shall be ensured that the optical parts of the test facility, lamps, reflectors and filters, etc.
are clean.
The level of irradiation over the specified measurement plane shall be measured immediately
prior to each test.
Any ancillary environmental conditions, for example ambient temperature, humidity and other
parameters if specified, should be monitored continuously during the test.
5.1.8 Test apparatus
The chamber in which the tests are to be carried out shall be provided with means for
obtaining, over the specified irradiation measurement plane, an irradiance of
1 090 (1 ± 10 %) W/m with the spectral distribution given in Table 1. The value of
shall include any radiation reflected from the test chamber and received by the
1 090 W/m
specimen(s) under test. It should not include long-wave infra-red radiation emitted by the test
chamber. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance are given in
Table 2.
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
Proportion
...
IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 21 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-5580-3
– 2 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope and object . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General remarks . 8
4.1 Overview. 8
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation . 8
4.3 Spectral distribution irradiance of solar radiation . 9
4.4 Radiation source . 9
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test . 10
5.1 Conditioning . 10
5.1.1 General . 10
5.1.2 Temperature . 10
5.1.3 Humidity . 10
5.1.4 Ozone and other contaminating contamination gases . 10
5.1.5 Surface contamination . 10
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 10
5.1.7 Test facility . 11
5.1.8 Test apparatus . 11
5.2 Initial measurements . 11
5.3 Testing . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Procedure A Sa 1 – 24 h cycle, 8 h irradiation and 16 h darkness,
repeated as required . 12
5.3.3 Procedure B Sa 2 – 24 h cycle, 20 h irradiation and 4 h darkness,
repeated as required . 12
5.3.4 Procedure C Sa 3 – Continuous irradiation as required . 12
5.4 Final measurements . 15
6 Test method Sb: Weathering test with or without wetting . 15
6.1 Test apparatus . 15
6.1.1 Laboratory radiation source . 15
6.1.2 Test chamber. 16
6.1.3 Temperature . 16
6.1.4 Humidity . 17
6.1.5 Spray cycle . 17
6.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 17
6.1.7 Ozone and other contaminating gases . 17
6.1.8 Surface contamination . 17
6.2 Initial measurements . 17
6.3 Testing . 17
6.3.1 General . 17
6.3.2 Test duration . 18
6.3.3 Test procedure . 18
6.3.4 Ancillary environmental conditions . 18
6.4 Final measurements . 18
7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 19
8 Information to be given in the test report. 19
Annex (informative) Interpretation of results .
Annex A (informative) Standard solar spectral irradiance . 23
Annex B (informative) Radiation source . 25
B.1 General . 25
B.2 Filters . 25
B.3 Uniformity of irradiance . 25
Annex C (informative) Typical apparatus for weathering . 26
Annex D (informative) Instrumentation . 28
D.1 General . 28
D.2 Measurement of irradiance . 28
D.3 Measurement of spectral distribution irradiance . 28
D.4 Measurement of temperature . 28
D.5 Difference between insulated black panel and uninsulated black panel
thermometer . 29
Bibliography . 30
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance at the earth´s surface for relative air mass 1
sea level . 9
Figure 2 – Test procedures A, B and C Sa 1, Sa 2 and Sa 3 . 15
Figure C.1 – Example of test apparatus . 26
Figure C.2 – Example of test apparatus with flat array . 27
Table – Calculated spectral distribution values .
Table 1 – Spectral energy distribution irradiance . 9
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance . 11
Table 3 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters . 16
Table 4 – Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamp(s) with window glass filters . 16
Table 5 – Exposure cycles . 18
Table A.1 – Comparison of basic atmospheric conditions used for the solar spectrum
defined in ASTM G 177 and that defined in CIE 85:1989, Table 4 . 24
Table A.2 – Irradiance comparison for the ASTM G 177 solar spectrum and the
CIE 85:1989, Table 4, solar spectrum . 24
– 4 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104:
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the title of this document has been modified;
b) the current thermal effect test method, specified as "Test method Sa" has been retained
and the weathering test method specified as "Test method Sb" has been added.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
104/735/CDV 104/789/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental
testing, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60068 describes methods of simulation designed to examine the effect of
solar radiation on equipment and components at the surface of the earth. The main
characteristics of the environment to be simulated are the spectral energy distribution of the
sun irradiance of solar radiation, as observed at the earth's surface, and the intensity of
received energy, in combination with controlled temperature conditions. However, it may be
necessary to consider the combination of solar radiation with other environments, for example
temperature, humidity, water spray (to simulate wetting) and air velocity, should be
considered. Two different methods are described, one aiming at the thermal effects, a second
aiming at the weathering effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 60068-2 provides guidance specifies the methods for testing equipment or
components under simulated solar radiation conditions.
This document is applicable to the equipment and components at the surface of the earth.
The purpose of testing is to investigate to what extent the equipment or components are
affected by simulated solar radiation in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering
effects (temperature, humidity and/or wetting) that occur when they are exposed in actual
end-use environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass. This document
specifies two test methods, test method Sa: thermal effect test, and test method Sb:
weathering test.
The method of combined tests detects electrical, mechanical or other physical variations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
CIE 20:1972, Recommendation for the integrated irradiance and the spectral distribution of
simulated solar radiation for testing purposes
CIE 85:1985, Solar spectral irradiance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60068-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
– 8 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
3.1
air mass
path length that light from a celestial object takes through the earth’s atmosphere relative to
the length where air mass = 1
NOTE The air mass is 1/sin (gamma), where gamma is the elevation angle of the sun.
3.1
black standard temperature
BST
insulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen’s(s’) surface temperature measured by an insulated
black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a resistance
temperature sensor embedded in insulating material (white PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride)
attached
Note 1 to entry: Black standard temperature as measured by a black standard thermometer More details are
described in ISO 4892-1.
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material with thermal
insulating properties and for control in weathering test apparatus.
3.2
black panel temperature
uninsulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen’s(s’) surface temperature measured by an
uninsulated black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a
resistance temperature sensor attached
Note 1 to entry: Black panel temperature as measured by a black panel thermometer More details are described
in ISO 4892-1.
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material and for control in
weathering test apparatus.
3.4
solar constant
rate at which solar energy, at all wavelengths, is received per unit area at the top level of
earth’s atmosphere
NOTE The value of the solar constant is E = 1 367 W/m .
3.5
optical depth
measure of how much light is absorbed in travelling through a medium
NOTE A completely transparent medium has an optical depth of zero.
4 General remarks
4.1 Overview
The effect of solar radiation on the test specimen(s) will depend on the level of irradiance, the
spectral distribution irradiance, the location, the time of day and the sensitivity of the material
of the test specimen(s).
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation
The irradiance by the sun on a plane perpendicular to the incident radiation outside the
earth's atmosphere at the mean earth-sun distance is known as the solar constant E .
The irradiance at the surface of the earth sea level is influenced by the solar constant and the
attenuation and scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere. For test purposes, CIE
85:1989, Table 4 gives a value of 1 090 W/m for the global solar radiation at the surface of
the earth from the sun at zenith; this value is based on a solar constant E = 1 367 W/m .
4.3 Spectral distribution irradiance of solar radiation
The standard spectral distribution irradiance of the global solar radiation specified for this test,
in accordance with the recommendations of CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (see Annex A), is given in
Figure 1 and in Table 1.
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5
Wavelength (µm)
IEC
NOTE Optical depth of aerosol extinction 0,1 (solid line) and 0,27 (dashes), respectively.
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance
at the earth´s surface for relative air mass 1 sea level
Table 1 – Spectral energy distribution irradiance
a
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
2 2 2 2 2
Irradiance 4,06 W/m 70,5 W/m 604,2 W/m 411,2 W/m 1 090 W/m
Approximate
Proportion of 0,4 % 6,4 % 55,4 % 37,8 % 100 %
total radiation
NOTE This table is a condensed version of CIE 85:1989, Table 4.
a
Radiation shorter than 300 nm reaching the earth’s surface is insignificant
4.4 Radiation source
If the source of radiation used for the test does not meet the standard spectral distribution
given in Table 1, the exact spectral absorption data of the material and the exact spectral
irradiance of the alternative radiation source in the range from 300 nm to about 3 000 nm and
for the solid angle of 2π sr above the specimen surface shall be known or measured.
–2 –1
Spectral irradiance (Wm µm )
– 10 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
Detail of a radiation source is described in Annex B.
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test
5.1 Conditioning
5.1.1 General
During the entire test, the irradiation, the temperature within the chamber, the humidity and
any other specified environmental conditions shall be maintained at the levels appropriate to
the particular test procedure specified in the relevant specification. The relevant specification
shall state which preconditioning requirements are to be applied.
Detail of instrumentation is described in Annex D.
5.1.2 Temperature
The temperature within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be
controlled in accordance with the procedure (A, B or C) (Sa 1, Sa 2 or Sa 3) specified. During
irradiation, the temperature within the chamber shall rise or fall by 1 K/min and be maintained
at one of the preferred values given in IEC 60068-2-1, IEC 60068-2-2 or the relevant
specification.
NOTE Additionally, an insulated black standard panel thermometer or an uninsulated black panel thermometer
can be used to measure the maximum surface temperature. This temperature can be influenced by ventilation.
5.1.3 Humidity
Different humidity conditions, particularly condensation, can markedly affect photochemical
degradation of materials, paints, plastics, etc. If required applicable, the values given in
IEC 60068-2-78 shall be preferred should be used.
The relevant specification shall state the humidity and whether it is to be maintained during
a) the irradiation periods only;
b) the periods of darkness only;
c) the whole test duration.
5.1.4 Ozone and other contaminating contamination gases
Ozone, generated by short wavelength ultra-violet test sources, will normally be excluded
from the test chamber by the radiation filter(s) used to correct the spectral energy distribution.
As ozone and other contaminating gases can significantly affect the degradation processes of
certain materials, it is important to exclude these gases from the test chamber, unless
otherwise required by the relevant specification.
5.1.5 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contamination may significantly change the absorption characteristics
of irradiated surfaces. Unless otherwise required, specimens should be tested in a clean
condition. However, if effects of surface contamination are to be assessed, the relevant
specification should include the necessary information on preparation of surfaces, etc.
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s)
The specimen(s) to be tested shall be placed either on raised support, on a turntable or a
specified substrate of known thermal conductivity and thermal capacity within the chamber as
stated in the relevant specification, and so spaced from other specimen(s) as to avoid
shielding from the source of radiation or re-radiated heat. Temperature sensors should be
attached to specimen(s) as required.
5.1.7 Test facility
It shall be ensured that the optical parts of the test facility, lamps, reflectors and filters, etc.
are clean.
The level of irradiation over the specified measurement plane shall be measured immediately
prior to each test.
Any ancillary environmental conditions, for example ambient temperature, humidity and other
parameters if specified, should be monitored continuously during the test.
5.1.8 Test apparatus
The chamber in which the tests are to be carried out shall be provided with means for
obtaining, over the prescribed specified irradiation measurement plane, an irradiance of
1 090 (1 ± 10 %) W/m with the spectral distribution given in Table 1. The value of
1 090 W/m shall include any radiation reflected from the test chamber and received by the
specimen(s) under test. It should not include long-wave infra-red radiation emitted by the test
chamber. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance are given in
Table 2.
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
Proportion of total
0,4 6,4 55,4 37,8 100,0
radiation (%)
Minimum level (%) 0,3 4,2 43,8 33,7 –
Maximum level (%) 0,7 7,4 57,0 50,5 –
Means shall also be provided whereby the specified conditions of temperature, air flow and
humidity can be maintained within the chamber.
The temperature within the chamber shall be measured (with adequate shielding from
radiated heat) at a point or points in a horizontal plane 0 mm to 50 mm below the prescribed
specified irradiation measurement plane, at half the distance between the specimen under
test and the wall of the chamber, or at 1 m from the specimen, whichever is the lesser.
5.2 Initial measurements
The specimen(s) shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks
prescribed specified by the relevant specification.
5.3 Testing
5.3.1 General
During exposure, the temperature within the chamber shall rise or fall by 1 K/min and be
maintained at one of the preferred values given in IEC 60068-2-1 or IEC 60068-2-2 or the
relevant specification.
In procedure A Sa 1, the temperature within the chamber shall start to rise 2 h before the
irradiation period starts.
– 12 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
During the darkness period in procedures A and B Sa 1 and Sa 2, the temperature within the
chamber shall fall approximately with average rate of 1 K/min and be maintained at +25 °C,
unless otherwise specified. If the required temperature is lower than 25 °C, the temperature
shall be maintained at the required temperature.
The requirements for irradiation, temperature and time relationships are given in Figure 2.
Throughout the specified test duration, the temperature within the chamber shall be
maintained within ±2 °C K of that shown for the appropriate procedure.
The level of irradiance should shall be 1 090 (1 ± 10 %) W/m or specified in the relevant
specification. Acceleration of the test by increasing the irradiation above this level is not
recommended. The total daily irradiation approximating the most severe natural conditions is
simulated by procedure A Sa 1 with a duration of exposure to the standard irradiation
conditions of 8 h per day. Thus, exposure for periods in excess of 8 h will effect acceleration
over natural conditions. However, continuous exposure of 24 h per day (procedure C Sa 3)
might could mask any degradation effects of cyclic thermal stressing, and this procedure is
therefore not generally recommended in this instance.
The specimen shall be exposed, for the duration called for in the relevant specification, to one
of the test procedures outlined in 5.3.2, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4 (see Figure 2).
5.3.2 Procedure A Sa 1 – 24 h cycle, 8 h irradiation and 16 h darkness, repeated as
required
This gives a total irradiation of 8,96 8,72 kWh/m per diurnal cycle, which approximates to the
most severe natural conditions. Procedure A Sa 1 should be is specified where the principal
interest is in thermal effects.
5.3.3 Procedure B Sa 2 – 24 h cycle, 20 h irradiation and 4 h darkness, repeated as
required
This gives a total irradiation of 22,4 21,8 kWh/m per diurnal cycle and is applicable where
the principal interest is in degradation effects.
5.3.4 Procedure C Sa 3 – Continuous irradiation as required
Procedure Sa3 is a simplified test, applicable where cyclic thermal stressing is unimportant
and photochemical effects only are to be assessed. This procedure is also applicable for the
assessment of heating effects on specimens with low thermal capacity.
– 14 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
1 cycle
T
T
Irradiation
Time (h)
0 2 10 24
IEC
a) Procedure Sa 1
1 cycle
T
T
Irradiation
Time (h)
0 20 24
IEC
b) Procedure Sa 2
T
T
Continuous irradiation
Time (h)
IEC
c) Procedure Sa 3
Key
T lower temperature (25 °C if not otherwise specified)
T upper temperature (40 °C if not otherwise specified)
Figure 2 – Test procedures A, B and C Sa 1, Sa 2 and Sa 3
5.4 Final measurements
The specimen shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks prescribed
specified by the relevant specification.
6 Test method Sb: Weathering test with or without wetting
6.1 Test apparatus
6.1.1 Laboratory radiation source
6.1.1.1 Xenon arc lamp
The radiation source shall comprise one or more quartz-jacketed xenon-arc lamps that emit
radiation from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the
infrared. In order to simulate solar radiation, filters shall be used to remove short-wavelength
UV radiation (Table 3). For tests intended to simulate solar radiation through window glass,
filters to minimize irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm shall be used (Table 4). In
addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic heating of the
test specimen(s), which can cause thermal degradation not experienced during outdoor
exposures.
6.1.1.2 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters
Filters are used to filter xenon-arc emissions in order to simulate solar radiation (CIE 85:1989,
Table 4). The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV
wavelength range are given in Table 3.
– 16 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
Table 3 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters
Spectral passband Minimum CIE 85:1989, Table 4 Maximum
(λ = wavelength in nm) % % %
λ < 290 – – 0,15
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 2,6 5,4 7,9
320 < λ ≤ 360 28,2 38,2 39,8
360 < λ ≤ 400 54,2 56,4 67,5
NOTE More details regarding this table are given in ISO 4892-2.
6.1.1.3 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with window glass filters
Filters are used to filter the xenon-arc lamp emissions in order to simulate solar radiation
which has passed through a window glass. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative
spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 4.
Table 4 – Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamp(s)
with window glass filters
Spectral passband Minimum CIE 85:1989, Table 4, plus Maximum
effect of window glass
(λ = wavelength in nm) % %
%
λ < 300 – – 0,29
300 ≤ λ ≤ 320 0,1 ≤ 1 2,8
320 < λ ≤ 360 23,8 33,1 35,5
360 < λ ≤ 400
62,4 66,0 76,2
NOTE More details regarding this table are given in ISO 4892-2.
6.1.1.4 Uniformity of irradiance
The exposure area shall be designed such that the irradiance at any location used for test
specimen(s) exposure is at least 70 % of the maximum irradiance measured in this area. If the
minimum irradiance at any position in the area used for test specimen(s) exposure is between
70 % and 90 % of the maximum irradiance, the test specimen(s) shall be periodically
repositioned to reduce the variability in radiant exposure. The repositioning procedure and
schedule shall be agreed upon by all interested parties.
NOTE Procedures for measuring irradiance uniformity by the device manufacturers are given in ISO 4892-1.
6.1.2 Test chamber
A laboratory radiation source(s) is used to provide irradiance for the test specimen(s). The
test chamber shall be water-resistant and means shall also be provided whereby the specified
conditions of temperature, air flow and humidity can be maintained within it.
Typical apparatus are shown in Annex C.
6.1.3 Temperature
The temperature-sensing element shall be shielded from the radiation source and water spray.
The chamber air temperature measured at this position may not be the same as the chamber
air temperature near the surface of the exposed test specimen(s).
The temperature within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be
controlled in accordance with Table 5. The black standard temperature or black panel
temperature shall be controlled (see Table 5). If the test is conducted under other temperature
conditions with mutual agreement between interested parties, they shall be reported.
6.1.4 Humidity
The humidity within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be controlled in
accordance with Table 5. If the test is conducted under other humidity conditions with mutual
agreement between interested parties, they shall be reported.
6.1.5 Spray cycle
The test chamber may be equipped with a means of directing an intermittent water spray onto
the exposed surface of the test specimen(s) under specified conditions. The spray shall be
uniformly distributed over the specimen(s). If the test specimen(s) is not flat, the way in which
products are sprayed should be determined by agreements between interested parties. The
spray system shall be made from corrosion-resistant materials that do not contaminate the
water used.
The water sprayed onto the test specimen(s) surfaces shall have a conductivity below
5 μS/cm, contain less than 1 μg/g dissolved solids and leave no observable stains or deposits
on the test specimen(s). Silica levels shall be kept below 0,2 μg/g. A combination of
deionization and reverse osmosis can be used to produce water of the desired quality.
6.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s)
The test specimen(s) to be tested shall be placed on a specimen holder or a specified
substrate as stated in the relevant specification, and so spaced from other specimens in order
to avoid shielding from the source of radiation. Temperature sensors should be attached to
the test specimen(s) as required.
6.1.7 Ozone and other contaminating gases
Ozone, generated by short wavelength ultra-violet test sources, will normally be excluded
from the test chamber by the radiation filter(s) used to correct the spectral irradiance. As
ozone and other contaminating gases can significantly affect the degradation processes of
certain materials, it is important to exclude these gases from the test chamber, unless
otherwise required by the relevant specification. To exclude ozone, an ozone treatment device
should be used.
6.1.8 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contamination may significantly change the absorption characteristics
of irradiated surfaces. Unless otherwise required, the test specimen(s) should be tested in a
clean condition. However, if effects of surface contamination are to be assessed, the relevant
specification should include the necessary information on preparation of surfaces, etc.
6.2 Initial measurements
The test specimen(s) shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks
specified by the relevant specification.
6.3 Testing
6.3.1 General
Procedure Sb 1 specifies the test method with wetting exposure for actual end-use
environments to daylight. Procedure Sb 2 specifies the test method for actual end-use
environments to daylight filtered through window glass without wetting.
– 18 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 RLV © IEC 2018
6.3.2 Test duration
The test duration for procedures Sb 1 and Sb 2 should be determined by agreement between
the interested parties and test cycles should be repeated for the test duration.
6.3.3 Test procedure
Various conditions for each procedure are given in Table 5. All test conditions should be
controlled. Otherwise, they should be measured and this shall be reported.
Detail of instrumentation is described in Annex D.
Table 5 – Exposure cycles
Procedure Sb 1 – Exposure cycle using daylight filters with wetting
a b c
Irradiance Temperature
Chamber Relative
Broadband Black
Exposure
Narrowband Black panel
temperature humidity
(300 nm to standard
period
d
(340 nm)
temperature
°C %
400 nm) temperature
W/(m × nm) °C
W/m °C
102 min dry 60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 63 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 10
18 min
60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 – – – –
water spray
Procedure Sb 2 – Exposures using window glass filters without wetting
a b c
Irradiance Temperature
Chamber Relative
Broadband Black
Exposure
Narrowband
Black panel
temperature humidity
(300 nm to standard
period
d
(420 nm) temperature
°C %
temperature
400 nm)
°C
W/(m × nm)
W/m °C
Continuous
50 ± 2 1,10 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 63 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 10
Irradiation
If the test is conducted under other conditions with mutual agreement between interested parties, they shall be
reported.
NOTE 1 The ± tolerances given for irradiance, temperature and relative humidity are the allowable fluctuations
which are defined as the positive and negative deviation from the setting of the sensor at the operational control
set point during equilibrium conditions. This does not mean that the set value can vary by plus/minus the amount
indicated from the given value.
NOTE 2 The black panel temperatures, 63 °C, and the black standard temperatures, 65 °C, are the ones most
commonly used, but have no relationship to each other. The exposure results might therefore not be
comparable.
a
The irradiance values given are those that have historically been used. In apparatus capable of producing
higher irradiances, the actual irradiance can be significantly higher than the stated values, e.g. up to 180 W/m
(300 nm to 400 nm) for xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters or 162 W/m (300 nm to 400 nm) for xenon-arc
lamps with window glass filters.
b
For exposures, either broadband or narrowband for irradiance level shall be controlled.
c
For exposures, either black standard temperature or black panel temperature shall be controlled.
d
For materials sensitive to humidity, the use of (65 ± 10) % is recommended.
6.3.4 Ancillary environmental conditions
Any ancillary environmental conditions, for example ambient temperature, humidity, and other
parameters if specified, should be monitored continuously during the test.
6.4 Final measurements
The test specimen(s) shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks
specified by the relevant specification.
-------------
...
IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
Essais d’environnement –
Partie 2-5: Essais – Essai S: Rayonnement solaire simulé au niveau du sol et
recommandations pour les essais de rayonnement solaire et le vieillissement
aux intempéries
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IEC 60068-2-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2018-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Environmental testing –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance
for solar radiation testing and weathering
Essais d’environnement –
Partie 2-5: Essais – Essai S: Rayonnement solaire simulé au niveau du sol et
recommandations pour les essais de rayonnement solaire et le vieillissement
aux intempéries
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-6149-1
– 2 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General remarks . 8
4.1 Overview. 8
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation . 8
4.3 Spectral irradiance of solar radiation . 8
4.4 Radiation source . 9
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test . 9
5.1 Conditioning . 9
5.1.1 General . 9
5.1.2 Temperature . 9
5.1.3 Humidity . 9
5.1.4 Ozone and other contamination gases . 10
5.1.5 Surface contamination . 10
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 10
5.1.7 Test facility . 10
5.1.8 Test apparatus . 10
5.2 Initial measurements . 11
5.3 Testing . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Procedure Sa 1 – 24 h cycle, 8 h irradiation and 16 h darkness,
repeated as required . 11
5.3.3 Procedure Sa 2 – 24 h cycle, 20 h irradiation and 4 h darkness,
repeated as required . 11
5.3.4 Procedure Sa 3 – Continuous irradiation as required . 11
5.4 Final measurements . 13
6 Test method Sb: Weathering test with or without wetting . 13
6.1 Test apparatus . 13
6.1.1 Laboratory radiation source . 13
6.1.2 Test chamber. 14
6.1.3 Temperature . 14
6.1.4 Humidity . 15
6.1.5 Spray cycle . 15
6.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s) . 15
6.1.7 Ozone and other contaminating gases . 15
6.1.8 Surface contamination . 15
6.2 Initial measurements . 15
6.3 Testing . 15
6.3.1 General . 15
6.3.2 Test duration . 16
6.3.3 Test procedure . 16
6.3.4 Ancillary environmental conditions . 16
6.4 Final measurements . 16
7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 17
8 Information to be given in the test report. 17
Annex A (informative) Standard solar spectral irradiance . 18
Annex B (informative) Radiation source . 20
B.1 General . 20
B.2 Filters . 20
B.3 Uniformity of irradiance . 20
Annex C (informative) Typical apparatus for weathering . 21
Annex D (informative) Instrumentation . 23
D.1 General . 23
D.2 Measurement of irradiance . 23
D.3 Measurement of spectral irradiance . 23
D.4 Measurement of temperature . 23
D.5 Difference between insulated black panel and uninsulated black panel
thermometer . 23
Bibliography . 24
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance at sea level . 8
Figure 2 – Test procedures Sa 1, Sa 2 and Sa 3 . 13
Figure C.1 – Example of test apparatus . 21
Figure C.2 – Example of test apparatus with flat array . 22
Table 1 – Spectral irradiance . 9
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance . 10
Table 3 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters . 14
Table 4 – Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamp(s) with window glass filters . 14
Table 5 – Exposure cycles . 16
Table A.1 – Comparison of basic atmospheric conditions used for the solar spectrum
defined in ASTM G 177 and that defined in CIE 85:1989, Table 4 . 19
Table A.2 – Irradiance comparison for the ASTM G 177 solar spectrum and the
CIE 85:1989, Table 4, solar spectrum . 19
– 4 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104:
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This bilingual version (2018-10) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2018-04.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the title of this document has been modified;
b) the current thermal effect test method, specified as "Test method Sa" has been retained
and the weathering test method specified as "Test method Sb" has been added.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
104/735/CDV 104/789/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental
testing, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60068 describes methods of simulation designed to examine the effect of
solar radiation on equipment and components at the surface of the earth. The main
characteristics of the environment to be simulated are the spectral irradiance of solar
radiation, as observed at the earth's surface, and the intensity of received energy, in
combination with controlled temperature conditions. However, the combination of solar
radiation with other environments, for example temperature, humidity, water spray (to
simulate wetting) and air velocity, should be considered. Two different methods are described,
one aiming at the thermal effects, a second aiming at the weathering effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-5: Tests – Test S: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and
guidance for solar radiation testing and weathering
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60068-2 specifies the methods for testing equipment or components under
simulated solar radiation conditions.
This document is applicable to the equipment and components at the surface of the earth.
The purpose of testing is to investigate to what extent the equipment or components are
affected by simulated solar radiation in the presence of moisture to reproduce the weathering
effects (temperature, humidity and/or wetting) that occur when they are exposed in actual
end-use environments to daylight or to daylight filtered through window glass. This document
specifies two test methods, test method Sa: thermal effect test, and test method Sb:
weathering test.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60068-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
black standard temperature
insulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen's(s') surface temperature measured by an insulated
black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a resistance
temperature sensor embedded in insulating material (white PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride)
attached
Note 1 to entry: More details are described in ISO 4892-1.
– 8 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material with thermal
insulating properties and for control in weathering test apparatus.
3.2
black panel temperature
uninsulated black panel temperature
characteristic value of the test specimen's(s') surface temperature measured by an
uninsulated black panel thermometer, consisting of a black painted stainless steel panel and a
resistance temperature sensor attached
Note 1 to entry: More details are described in ISO 4892-1.
Note 2 to entry: It is designed to approximate the maximum surface temperature of any material and for control in
weathering test apparatus.
4 General remarks
4.1 Overview
The effect of solar radiation on the test specimen(s) will depend on the level of irradiance, the
spectral irradiance, the location, the time of day and the sensitivity of the material of the test
specimen(s).
4.2 Irradiance of solar radiation
The irradiance at sea level is influenced by the solar constant and the attenuation and
scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere. For test purposes, CIE 85:1989, Table 4 gives
a value of 1 090 W/m for the global solar radiation at the surface of the earth from the sun at
zenith; this value is based on a solar constant E = 1 367 W/m .
4.3 Spectral irradiance of solar radiation
The standard spectral irradiance of the global solar radiation specified for this test, in
accordance with the recommendations of CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (see Annex A), is given in
Figure 1 and in Table 1.
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5
Wavelength (µm)
IEC
Figure 1 – Global solar spectral irradiance at sea level
–2 –1
Spectral irradiance (Wm µm )
Table 1 – Spectral irradiance
a
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
2 2 2 2 2
Irradiance 4,06 W/m 70,5 W/m 604,2 W/m 411,2 W/m 1 090 W/m
Proportion of
0,4 % 6,4 % 55,4 % 37,8 % 100 %
total radiation
NOTE This table is a condensed version of CIE 85:1989, Table 4.
a
Radiation shorter than 300 nm reaching the earth’s surface is insignificant
4.4 Radiation source
If the source of radiation used for the test does not meet the standard spectral distribution
given in Table 1, the exact spectral absorption data of the material and the exact spectral
irradiance of the alternative radiation source in the range from 300 nm to about 3 000 nm and
for the solid angle of 2π sr above the specimen surface shall be known or measured.
Detail of a radiation source is described in Annex B.
5 Test method Sa: thermal effect test
5.1 Conditioning
5.1.1 General
During the entire test, the irradiation, the temperature within the chamber, the humidity and
any other specified environmental conditions shall be maintained at the levels appropriate to
the particular test procedure specified in the relevant specification. The relevant specification
shall state which preconditioning requirements are to be applied.
Detail of instrumentation is described in Annex D.
5.1.2 Temperature
The temperature within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be
controlled in accordance with the procedure (Sa 1, Sa 2 or Sa 3) specified.
NOTE Additionally, an insulated black panel thermometer or an uninsulated black panel thermometer can be used
to measure the maximum surface temperature. This temperature can be influenced by ventilation.
5.1.3 Humidity
Different humidity conditions, particularly condensation, can markedly affect photochemical
degradation of materials, paints, plastics, etc. If applicable, the values given in
IEC 60068-2-78 should be used.
The relevant specification shall state the humidity and whether it is to be maintained during
a) the irradiation periods only;
b) the periods of darkness only;
c) the whole test duration.
– 10 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
5.1.4 Ozone and other contamination gases
Ozone, generated by short wavelength ultra-violet test sources, will normally be excluded
from the test chamber by the radiation filter(s) used to correct the spectral energy distribution.
As ozone and other contaminating gases can significantly affect the degradation processes of
certain materials, it is important to exclude these gases from the test chamber, unless
otherwise required by the relevant specification.
5.1.5 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contamination may significantly change the absorption characteristics
of irradiated surfaces. Unless otherwise required, specimens should be tested in a clean
condition. However, if effects of surface contamination are to be assessed, the relevant
specification should include the necessary information on preparation of surfaces, etc.
5.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s)
The specimen(s) to be tested shall be placed either on raised support, on a turntable or a
specified substrate of known thermal conductivity and thermal capacity within the chamber as
stated in the relevant specification, and so spaced from other specimen(s) as to avoid
shielding from the source of radiation or re-radiated heat. Temperature sensors should be
attached to specimen(s) as required.
5.1.7 Test facility
It shall be ensured that the optical parts of the test facility, lamps, reflectors and filters, etc.
are clean.
The level of irradiation over the specified measurement plane shall be measured immediately
prior to each test.
Any ancillary environmental conditions, for example ambient temperature, humidity and other
parameters if specified, should be monitored continuously during the test.
5.1.8 Test apparatus
The chamber in which the tests are to be carried out shall be provided with means for
obtaining, over the specified irradiation measurement plane, an irradiance of
1 090 (1 ± 10 %) W/m with the spectral distribution given in Table 1. The value of
1 090 W/m shall include any radiation reflected from the test chamber and received by the
specimen(s) under test. It should not include long-wave infra-red radiation emitted by the test
chamber. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance are given in
Table 2.
Table 2 – Minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance
Spectral region Ultra-violet B Ultra-violet A Visible Infra-red Total radiation
300 nm to 320 nm to 400 nm to 800 nm to 300 nm to
Bandwidth
320 nm 400 nm 800 nm 2 450 nm 2 450 nm
Proportion of total
0,4 6,4 55,4 37,8 100,0
radiation (%)
Minimum level (%) 0,3 4,2 43,8 33,7 –
Maximum level (%) 0,7 7,4 57,0 50,5 –
Means shall also be provided whereby the specified conditions of temperature, air flow and
humidity can be maintained within the chamber.
The temperature within the chamber shall be measured (with adequate shielding from
radiated heat) at a point or points in a horizontal plane 0 mm to 50 mm below the specified
irradiation measurement plane, at half the distance between the specimen under test and the
wall of the chamber, or at 1 m from the specimen, whichever is the lesser.
5.2 Initial measurements
The specimen(s) shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks specified
by the relevant specification.
5.3 Testing
5.3.1 General
During exposure, the temperature within the chamber shall rise or fall by 1 K/min and be
maintained at one of the preferred values given in IEC 60068-2-1 or IEC 60068-2-2 or the
relevant specification.
In procedure Sa 1, the temperature within the chamber shall start to rise 2 h before the
irradiation period starts.
During the darkness period in procedures Sa 1 and Sa 2, the temperature within the chamber
shall fall with average rate of 1 K/min and be maintained at +25 °C, unless otherwise
specified.
The requirements for irradiation, temperature and time relationships are given in Figure 2.
Throughout the specified test duration, the temperature within the chamber shall be
maintained within ±2 K of that shown for the appropriate procedure.
The level of irradiance shall be 1 090 (1 ± 10 %) W/m or specified in the relevant
specification. Acceleration of the test by increasing the irradiation above this level is not
recommended. The total daily irradiation approximating the most severe natural conditions is
simulated by procedure Sa 1 with a duration of exposure to the standard irradiation conditions
of 8 h per day. Thus, exposure for periods in excess of 8 h will effect acceleration over natural
conditions. However, continuous exposure of 24 h per day (procedure Sa 3) could mask any
degradation effects of cyclic thermal stressing, and this procedure is therefore not generally
recommended in this instance.
The specimen shall be exposed, for the duration called for in the relevant specification, to one
of the test procedures outlined in 5.3.2, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4 (see Figure 2).
5.3.2 Procedure Sa 1 – 24 h cycle, 8 h irradiation and 16 h darkness, repeated as
required
This gives a total irradiation of 8,72 kWh/m per diurnal cycle, which approximates to the most
severe natural conditions. Procedure Sa 1 is specified where the principal interest is in
thermal effects.
5.3.3 Procedure Sa 2 – 24 h cycle, 20 h irradiation and 4 h darkness, repeated as
required
This gives a total irradiation of 21,8 kWh/m per diurnal cycle and is applicable where the
principal interest is in degradation effects.
5.3.4 Procedure Sa 3 – Continuous irradiation as required
Procedure Sa3 is a simplified test, applicable where cyclic thermal stressing is unimportant
and photochemical effects only are to be assessed. This procedure is also applicable for the
assessment of heating effects on specimens with low thermal capacity.
– 12 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
1 cycle
T
T
Irradiation
Time (h)
0 2 10 24
IEC
a) Procedure Sa 1
1 cycle
T
T
Irradiation
Time (h)
0 20 24
IEC
b) Procedure Sa 2
T
T
Continuous irradiation
Time (h)
IEC
c) Procedure Sa 3
Key
T lower temperature (25 °C if not otherwise specified)
T upper temperature (40 °C if not otherwise specified)
Figure 2 – Test procedures Sa 1, Sa 2 and Sa 3
5.4 Final measurements
The specimen shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks specified by
the relevant specification.
6 Test method Sb: Weathering test with or without wetting
6.1 Test apparatus
6.1.1 Laboratory radiation source
6.1.1.1 Xenon arc lamp
The radiation source shall comprise one or more quartz-jacketed xenon-arc lamps that emit
radiation from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the
infrared. In order to simulate solar radiation, filters shall be used to remove short-wavelength
UV radiation (Table 3). For tests intended to simulate solar radiation through window glass,
filters to minimize irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm shall be used (Table 4). In
addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic heating of the
test specimen(s), which can cause thermal degradation not experienced during outdoor
exposures.
6.1.1.2 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters
Filters are used to filter xenon-arc emissions in order to simulate solar radiation (CIE 85:1989,
Table 4). The minimum and maximum levels of the relative spectral irradiance in the UV
wavelength range are given in Table 3.
– 14 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
Table 3 – Relative spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with daylight filters
Spectral passband Minimum CIE 85:1989, Table 4 Maximum
(λ = wavelength in nm) % % %
λ < 290 – – 0,15
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 2,6 5,4 7,9
320 < λ ≤ 360 28,2 38,2 39,8
360 < λ ≤ 400 54,2 56,4 67,5
NOTE More details regarding this table are given in ISO 4892-2.
6.1.1.3 Spectral irradiance of xenon-arc lamp(s) with window glass filters
Filters are used to filter the xenon-arc lamp emissions in order to simulate solar radiation
which has passed through a window glass. The minimum and maximum levels of the relative
spectral irradiance in the UV region are given in Table 4.
Table 4 – Relative spectral irradiance for xenon-arc lamp(s)
with window glass filters
Spectral passband Minimum CIE 85:1989, Table 4, plus Maximum
effect of window glass
(λ = wavelength in nm) % %
%
λ < 300 – – 0,29
300 ≤ λ ≤ 320 0,1 ≤ 1 2,8
320 < λ ≤ 360 23,8 33,1 35,5
360 < λ ≤ 400 62,4 66,0 76,2
NOTE More details regarding this table are given in ISO 4892-2.
6.1.1.4 Uniformity of irradiance
The exposure area shall be designed such that the irradiance at any location used for test
specimen(s) exposure is at least 70 % of the maximum irradiance measured in this area. If the
minimum irradiance at any position in the area used for test specimen(s) exposure is between
70 % and 90 % of the maximum irradiance, the test specimen(s) shall be periodically
repositioned to reduce the variability in radiant exposure. The repositioning procedure and
schedule shall be agreed upon by all interested parties.
NOTE Procedures for measuring irradiance uniformity by the device manufacturers are given in ISO 4892-1.
6.1.2 Test chamber
A laboratory radiation source(s) is used to provide irradiance for the test specimen(s). The
test chamber shall be water-resistant and means shall also be provided whereby the specified
conditions of temperature, air flow and humidity can be maintained within it.
Typical apparatus are shown in Annex C.
6.1.3 Temperature
The temperature-sensing element shall be shielded from the radiation source and water spray.
The chamber air temperature measured at this position may not be the same as the chamber
air temperature near the surface of the exposed test specimen(s).
The temperature within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be
controlled in accordance with Table 5. The black standard temperature or black panel
temperature shall be controlled (see Table 5). If the test is conducted under other temperature
conditions with mutual agreement between interested parties, they shall be reported.
6.1.4 Humidity
The humidity within the chamber during irradiation and darkness periods shall be controlled in
accordance with Table 5. If the test is conducted under other humidity conditions with mutual
agreement between interested parties, they shall be reported.
6.1.5 Spray cycle
The test chamber may be equipped with a means of directing an intermittent water spray onto
the exposed surface of the test specimen(s) under specified conditions. The spray shall be
uniformly distributed over the specimen(s). If the test specimen(s) is not flat, the way in which
products are sprayed should be determined by agreements between interested parties. The
spray system shall be made from corrosion-resistant materials that do not contaminate the
water used.
The water sprayed onto the test specimen(s) surfaces shall have a conductivity below
5 μS/cm, contain less than 1 μg/g dissolved solids and leave no observable stains or deposits
on the test specimen(s). Silica levels shall be kept below 0,2 μg/g. A combination of
deionization and reverse osmosis can be used to produce water of the desired quality.
6.1.6 Mounting of test specimen(s)
The test specimen(s) to be tested shall be placed on a specimen holder or a specified
substrate as stated in the relevant specification, and so spaced from other specimens in order
to avoid shielding from the source of radiation. Temperature sensors should be attached to
the test specimen(s) as required.
6.1.7 Ozone and other contaminating gases
Ozone, generated by short wavelength ultra-violet test sources, will normally be excluded
from the test chamber by the radiation filter(s) used to correct the spectral irradiance. As
ozone and other contaminating gases can significantly affect the degradation processes of
certain materials, it is important to exclude these gases from the test chamber, unless
otherwise required by the relevant specification. To exclude ozone, an ozone treatment device
should be used.
6.1.8 Surface contamination
Dust and other surface contamination may significantly change the absorption characteristics
of irradiated surfaces. Unless otherwise required, the test specimen(s) should be tested in a
clean condition. However, if effects of surface contamination are to be assessed, the relevant
specification should include the necessary information on preparation of surfaces, etc.
6.2 Initial measurements
The test specimen(s) shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks
specified by the relevant specification.
6.3 Testing
6.3.1 General
Procedure Sb 1 specifies the test method with wetting exposure for actual end-use
environments to daylight. Procedure Sb 2 specifies the test method for actual end-use
environments to daylight filtered through window glass without wetting.
– 16 – IEC 60068-2-5:2018 © IEC 2018
6.3.2 Test duration
The test duration for procedures Sb 1 and Sb 2 should be determined by agreement between
the interested parties and test cycles should be repeated for the test duration.
6.3.3 Test procedure
Various conditions for each procedure are given in Table 5. All test conditions should be
controlled. Otherwise, they should be measured and this shall be reported.
Detail of instrumentation is described in Annex D.
Table 5 – Exposure cycles
Procedure Sb 1 – Exposure cycle using daylight filters with wetting
a b c
Irradiance Temperature
Chamber Relative
Broadband Black
Exposure
Narrowband Black panel
temperature humidity
(300 nm to standard
period
d
(340 nm) temperature
°C %
400 nm) temperature
W/(m × nm) °C
W/m °C
102 min dry 60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 63 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 10
18 min
60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 – – – –
water spray
Procedure Sb 2 – Exposures using window glass filters without wetting
a b c
Irradiance Temperature
Chamber Relative
Broadband Black
Exposure
Narrowband Black panel
temperature humidity
(300 nm to standard
period
d
(420 nm) temperature
°C %
400 nm) temperature
W/(m × nm) °C
W/m °C
Continuous
50 ± 2 1,10 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 63 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 10
Irradiation
If the test is conducted under other conditions with mutual agreement between interested parties, they shall be
reported.
NOTE 1 The ± tolerances given for irradiance, temperature and relative humidity are the allowable fluctuations
which are defined as the positive and negative deviation from the setting of the sensor at the operational control
set point during equilibrium conditions. This does not mean that the set value can vary by plus/minus the amount
indicated from the given value.
NOTE 2 The black panel temperatures, 63 °C, and the black standard temperatures, 65 °C, are the ones most
commonly used, but have no relationship to each other. The exposure results might therefore not be
comparable.
a
The irradiance values given are those that have historically been used. In apparatus capable of producing
higher irradiances, the actual irradiance can be significantly higher than the stated values, e.g. up to
2 2
180 W/m (300 nm to 400 nm) for xenon-arc lamps with daylight filters or 162 W/m (300 nm to 400 nm) for
xenon-arc lamps with window glass filters.
b
For exposures, either broadband or narrowband for irradiance level shall be controlled.
c
For exposures, either black standard temperature or black panel temperature shall be controlled.
d
For materials sensitive to humidity, the use of (65 ± 10) % is recommended.
6.3.4 Ancillary environmental conditions
Any ancillary environmental conditions, for example ambient temperature, humidity, and other
parameters if specified, should be monitored continuously during the te
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