IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020
(Main)Microgrids - Part 3-1: Technical requirements - Protection and dynamic control
Microgrids - Part 3-1: Technical requirements - Protection and dynamic control
IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020(E) provides guidelines for the specification of fault protection and dynamic control in microgrids. Protection and dynamic control in a microgrid are intended to ensure safe and stable operation of the microgrid under fault and disturbance conditions.
This document applies to AC microgrids comprising single or three-phase networks or both. It includes both isolated microgrids and non-isolated microgrids with a single point of connection (POC) to the upstream distribution network. It does not apply to microgrids with two or more points of connection to the upstream distribution network, although such systems can follow the guidelines given in this document. This document applies to microgrids operating at LV or MV or both. DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrids are excluded from the scope, due to the particular characteristics of DC systems (extremely large fault currents and the absence of naturally occurring current zero crossings).
This document defines the principles of protection and dynamic control for microgrids, general technical requirements, and specific technical requirements of fault protection and dynamic control. It addresses new challenges in microgrid protection requirements, transient disturbance control and dynamic disturbance control requirements for microgrids. It focuses on the differences between conventional power system protection and new possible solutions for microgrid protection functions.
Depending on specific situations, additional or stricter requirements can be defined by the microgrid operator in coordination with the distribution system operator (DSO).
This document does not cover protection and dynamic control of active distribution systems. This document does not cover product requirements for measuring relays and protection equipment.
This document does not cover safety aspects in low voltage electrical installations, which are covered by IEC 60364 (all parts and amendments related to low-voltage electrical installations). Requirements relating to low voltage microgrids can be found in IEC 60364-8-2.
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IEC TS 62898-3-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-09
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
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Microgrids –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements – Protection and dynamic control
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IEC TS 62898-3-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-09
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Microgrids –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements – Protection and dynamic control
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-8764-4
– 2 – IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020 © IEC:2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Microgrid protection requirements . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Main requirements specific to microgrids . 16
4.2.1 General . 16
4.2.2 Phase fault protection . 16
4.2.3 Earth fault protection . 17
4.3 General protection requirements . 17
4.3.1 General . 17
4.3.2 Dependability of protection . 17
4.3.3 Security of protection . 18
4.3.4 Availability and selectivity of protection . 18
4.3.5 Operating time (speed) of protection . 19
4.4 Particular requirements for non-isolated microgrids . 19
4.5 Particular requirements for isolated microgrids. 20
5 Protection systems for microgrids . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Short-circuit protection . 21
5.2.1 Overcurrent protection . 21
5.2.2 Directional overcurrent protection . 23
5.2.3 Distance protection . 24
5.2.4 Directional power protection . 24
5.2.5 Differential protection . 24
5.3 System protection . 25
5.3.1 Under/over voltage protection . 25
5.3.2 Frequency protection . 26
5.4 Centralized protection systems . 26
6 Dynamic stability and control . 27
6.1 General . 27
6.2 Dynamic stability in microgrids . 27
6.2.1 General . 27
6.2.2 Disturbances in microgrids. 28
6.2.3 Voltage and frequency stability . 28
6.3 Dynamic control in microgrids . 29
6.3.1 General requirements . 29
6.3.2 Dynamic control functions . 29
6.3.3 Control elements in microgrids. 30
6.3.4 Control systems of microgrids . 31
6.3.5 Control of microgrids during grid-connected mode . 35
6.3.6 Control of microgrids during island mode . 35
Annex A (informative) Use cases for dynamic control of microgrids . 36
Bibliography . 40
Figure 1 – Ratio between maximum load current/minimum short-circuit current in the
microgrid . 22
Figure 2 – Control elements in microgrids . 30
Figure 3 – Hierarchical control levels of a microgrid . 32
Figure 4 – Centralized multilevel control of microgrids . 32
Figure A.1 – Simple microgrid platform for testing transient disturbance during motor
start-up . 36
Figure A.2 – Transient control strategy based on reactive current compensation
control . 36
Figure A.3 – Voltage profile during field testing of transient disturbance with and
without transient control device . 37
Figure A.4 – Current profile during field testing of transient disturbance with and
without transient control device . 37
Figure A.5 – Microgrid platform with high proportion of RES for testing dynamic
disturbance control . 38
Figure A.6 – Dynamic control strategy . 38
Figure A.7 – Voltage profile of field testing with and without dynamic control device . 39
– 4 – IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020 © IEC:2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MICROGRIDS –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements –
Protection and dynamic control
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional
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IEC TS 62898-3-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2023-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Microgrids –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements - Protection and dynamic control
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and once
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
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(IEV) online.
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If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC TS 62898-3-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2023-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Microgrids –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements - Protection and dynamic control
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-7827-7
IEC TS 62898-3-1 ®
Edition 1.1 2023-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Microgrids –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements - Protection and dynamic control
– 2 – IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020+AMD1:2023 CSV
© IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Microgrid protection requirements . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Main requirements specific to microgrids . 16
4.2.1 General . 16
4.2.2 Phase fault protection . 16
4.2.3 Earth fault protection . 17
4.3 General protection requirements . 17
4.3.1 General . 17
4.3.2 Dependability of protection . 17
4.3.3 Security of protection . 18
4.3.4 Availability and selectivity of protection . 18
4.3.5 Operating time (speed) of protection . 19
4.4 Particular requirements for non-isolated microgrids . 19
4.5 Particular requirements for isolated microgrids. 20
5 Protection systems for microgrids . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Short-circuit protection . 21
5.2.1 Overcurrent protection . 21
5.2.2 Directional overcurrent protection . 23
5.2.3 Distance protection . 24
5.2.4 Directional power protection . 24
5.2.5 Differential protection . 24
5.3 System protection . 25
5.3.1 Under/over voltage protection . 25
5.3.2 Frequency protection . 26
5.4 Centralized protection systems . 26
6 Dynamic stability and control . 27
6.1 General . 27
6.2 Dynamic stability in microgrids . 27
6.2.1 General . 27
6.2.2 Disturbances in microgrids. 28
6.2.3 Voltage and frequency stability . 28
6.3 Dynamic control in microgrids . 29
6.3.1 General requirements . 29
6.3.2 Dynamic control functions . 29
6.3.3 Control elements in microgrids. 30
6.3.4 Control systems of microgrids . 32
6.3.5 Control of microgrids during grid-connected mode . 36
6.3.6 Control of microgrids during island mode . 37
Annex A (informative) Use cases for dynamic control of microgrids . 38
Bibliography . 43
© IEC 2023
Figure 1 – Ratio between maximum load current/minimum short-circuit current in the
microgrid . 22
Figure 2 – Control elements in microgrids . 31
Figure 3 – Hierarchical control levels of a microgrid .
Figure 3 – Functional mapping for operation and control of microgrids . 33
Figure 4 – Centralized multilevel control of microgrids .
Figure 4 – Typical multilevel control of microgrids . 34
Figure A.1 – Simple microgrid platform for testing transient disturbance during motor
start-up . 38
Figure A.2 – Transient control strategy based on reactive current compensation
control . 38
Figure A.3 – Voltage profile during field testing of transient disturbance with and
without transient control device . 39
Figure A.4 – Current profile during field testing of transient disturbance with and
without transient control device . 40
Figure A.5 – Microgrid platform with high proportion of RES for testing dynamic
disturbance control . 41
Figure A.6 – Dynamic control strategy . 41
Figure A.7 – The voltage profile of field testing with and without dynamic control
device . 42
– 4 – IEC TS 62898-3-1:2020+AMD1:2023 CSV
© IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MICROGRIDS –
Part 3-1: Technical requirements –
Protection and dynamic control
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and
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