ISO 21441:2019
(Main)Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler — Heat dissipation test methods
Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler — Heat dissipation test methods
This document defines the methodology for the measurement of heat dissipation and pressure loss of liquid cooled engine EGR coolers in internal combustion engines for road vehicles. The principles of this document are valid for clean and fouled EGR coolers.
Véhicules routiers — Refroidisseur de la vanne EGR — Méthodes d'essais de dissipation de chaleur
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21441
First edition
2019-10
Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler —
Heat dissipation test methods
Véhicules routiers — Refroidisseur de la vanne EGR — Méthodes
d'essais de dissipation de chaleur
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test items . 2
5 Test setup . 3
5.1 Test conditions . 3
5.2 Test equipment . 4
5.2.1 General test equipment . 4
5.2.2 Test gas circuit equipment . 6
5.2.3 Cooling liquid circuit equipment . 6
5.3 Measuring instruments . 7
6 Test and measurement methods . 7
6.1 Test methods . 7
6.1.1 Test with heat dissipation . 7
6.1.2 Test without heat dissipation . 8
6.2 Measurement method . 8
6.2.1 Flow rate measurement . 9
6.2.2 Temperature measurement . 9
6.2.3 Pressure measurement . 9
7 Calculation method .10
7.1 Items to be calculated .10
7.1.1 EGR cooler heat dissipation amount .10
7.1.2 EGR gas temperature effectiveness.10
7.2 Calculation formula .11
7.2.1 Mass flow rate .11
7.2.2 EGR gas and EGR cooler heat dissipation amounts .11
7.2.3 EGR gas temperature effectiveness.13
7.2.4 EGR gas pressure loss .13
7.2.5 Cooling liquid pressure loss .14
8 Test report preparation .16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Internal combustion engines used in regulated environments are fitted with cooled exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) to reduce NOx and improve fuel consumption. The EGR cooler receives gas from
the exhaust system and gas is cooled by cooling liquid. This document provides manufacturers with a
standardized method of measuring heat dissipation performance of the EGR cooler.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21441:2019(E)
Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler — Heat dissipation
test methods
1 Scope
This document defines the methodology for the measurement of heat dissipation and pressure loss of
liquid cooled engine EGR coolers in internal combustion engines for road vehicles. The principles of this
document are valid for clean and fouled EGR coolers.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
EGR
technology that recirculates a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back into the intake to control the
concentration of oxygen taken into the engine
3.2
EGR gas
gas that has been extracted from the exhaust gas and is passed through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
3.3
test gas
pressurized air or exhaust gas made by burners used in place of real EGR gas (3.2) during the heat
dissipation performance test and when measuring EGR gas pressure loss (3.10)
3.4
cooling liquid
water or coolant mixture during the heat dissipation performance test and when measuring cooling
liquid pressure loss (3.11)
3.5
EGR cooler
liquid cooled heat exchanger for cooling the EGR gas (3.2)
3.6
EGR gas heat dissipation amount
amount of heat lost by the test gas (3.3) during the heat dissipation performance test
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas heat dissipation amount is expressed in kilowatts (kW).
3.7
EGR cooler heat dissipation amount
amount of heat lost after the EGR gas heat dissipation amount (3.6) is corrected for the inlet temperature
difference between both fluids (3.8) as defined upon the agreement by the parties concerned
Note 1 to entry: The EGR cooler heat dissipation amount is expressed in kilowatts (kW).
3.8
inlet temperature difference between both fluids
difference between the inlet temperature of the test gas (3.3) and the cooling liquid (3.4) that pass
through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The inlet temperature difference between both fluids is expressed in Kelvin (K).
3.9
EGR gas temperature effectiveness
ratio of the temperature difference of the test gas (3.3) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet
with respect to the difference of the inlet temperature between both fluids
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas temperature effectiveness is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.10
EGR gas pressure loss
static pressure difference of the test gas (3.3) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet during heat
dissipation or no heat dissipation
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas pressure loss is expressed in kilopascals (kPa).
Note 2 to entry: Total pressure difference can be used behalf of static pressure difference in case of measurement
conditions are agreed by the parties concerned.
3.11
cooling liquid pressure loss
static pressure difference of the cooling liquid (3.4) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet
Note 1 to entry: The cooling liquid pressure loss is expressed in kilopascals (kPa).
Note 2 to entry: Total pressure difference can be used behalf of static pressure difference in case of measurement
conditions are agreed by the parties concerned.
3.12
EGR gas mass flow rate
mass flow rate of the test gas (3.3) that passes through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas mass flow rate is expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s).
3.13
cooling liquid mass flow rate
mass flow rate of the cooling liquid (3.4) that passes through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The cooling liquid mass flow rate is expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s).
3.14
core
part at which heat is exchanged between the EGR gas (3.2) and the cooling liquid (3.4)
4 Test items
This test evaluates the following items:
a) EGR gas heat dissipation amount or EGR gas temperature effectiveness;
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
b) EGR gas pressure loss;
c) cooling liquid pressure loss.
5 Test setup
5.1 Test conditions
The EGR cooler, test gas, cooling liquid, and test location conditions are shown as follows.
In the case of measurement with the fouled EGR cooler, test conditions should be agreed by the parties
concerned.
a) EGR cooler:
The EGR cooler consists of main components such as the core, tank, flanges, and pipes, as well as
supplementary parts. An example is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 flange
2 tank
3 pipe
4 core
NOTE The inlet and outlet flange can have a different flow through the cross-sectional ar
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21441
First edition
2019-10
Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler —
Heat dissipation test methods
Véhicules routiers — Refroidisseur de la vanne EGR — Méthodes
d'essais de dissipation de chaleur
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test items . 2
5 Test setup . 3
5.1 Test conditions . 3
5.2 Test equipment . 4
5.2.1 General test equipment . 4
5.2.2 Test gas circuit equipment . 6
5.2.3 Cooling liquid circuit equipment . 6
5.3 Measuring instruments . 7
6 Test and measurement methods . 7
6.1 Test methods . 7
6.1.1 Test with heat dissipation . 7
6.1.2 Test without heat dissipation . 8
6.2 Measurement method . 8
6.2.1 Flow rate measurement . 9
6.2.2 Temperature measurement . 9
6.2.3 Pressure measurement . 9
7 Calculation method .10
7.1 Items to be calculated .10
7.1.1 EGR cooler heat dissipation amount .10
7.1.2 EGR gas temperature effectiveness.10
7.2 Calculation formula .11
7.2.1 Mass flow rate .11
7.2.2 EGR gas and EGR cooler heat dissipation amounts .11
7.2.3 EGR gas temperature effectiveness.13
7.2.4 EGR gas pressure loss .13
7.2.5 Cooling liquid pressure loss .14
8 Test report preparation .16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Internal combustion engines used in regulated environments are fitted with cooled exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) to reduce NOx and improve fuel consumption. The EGR cooler receives gas from
the exhaust system and gas is cooled by cooling liquid. This document provides manufacturers with a
standardized method of measuring heat dissipation performance of the EGR cooler.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21441:2019(E)
Road vehicles — Engine EGR cooler — Heat dissipation
test methods
1 Scope
This document defines the methodology for the measurement of heat dissipation and pressure loss of
liquid cooled engine EGR coolers in internal combustion engines for road vehicles. The principles of this
document are valid for clean and fouled EGR coolers.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
EGR
technology that recirculates a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back into the intake to control the
concentration of oxygen taken into the engine
3.2
EGR gas
gas that has been extracted from the exhaust gas and is passed through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
3.3
test gas
pressurized air or exhaust gas made by burners used in place of real EGR gas (3.2) during the heat
dissipation performance test and when measuring EGR gas pressure loss (3.10)
3.4
cooling liquid
water or coolant mixture during the heat dissipation performance test and when measuring cooling
liquid pressure loss (3.11)
3.5
EGR cooler
liquid cooled heat exchanger for cooling the EGR gas (3.2)
3.6
EGR gas heat dissipation amount
amount of heat lost by the test gas (3.3) during the heat dissipation performance test
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas heat dissipation amount is expressed in kilowatts (kW).
3.7
EGR cooler heat dissipation amount
amount of heat lost after the EGR gas heat dissipation amount (3.6) is corrected for the inlet temperature
difference between both fluids (3.8) as defined upon the agreement by the parties concerned
Note 1 to entry: The EGR cooler heat dissipation amount is expressed in kilowatts (kW).
3.8
inlet temperature difference between both fluids
difference between the inlet temperature of the test gas (3.3) and the cooling liquid (3.4) that pass
through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The inlet temperature difference between both fluids is expressed in Kelvin (K).
3.9
EGR gas temperature effectiveness
ratio of the temperature difference of the test gas (3.3) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet
with respect to the difference of the inlet temperature between both fluids
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas temperature effectiveness is expressed as a percentage (%).
3.10
EGR gas pressure loss
static pressure difference of the test gas (3.3) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet during heat
dissipation or no heat dissipation
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas pressure loss is expressed in kilopascals (kPa).
Note 2 to entry: Total pressure difference can be used behalf of static pressure difference in case of measurement
conditions are agreed by the parties concerned.
3.11
cooling liquid pressure loss
static pressure difference of the cooling liquid (3.4) between the EGR cooler (3.5) outlet and inlet
Note 1 to entry: The cooling liquid pressure loss is expressed in kilopascals (kPa).
Note 2 to entry: Total pressure difference can be used behalf of static pressure difference in case of measurement
conditions are agreed by the parties concerned.
3.12
EGR gas mass flow rate
mass flow rate of the test gas (3.3) that passes through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The EGR gas mass flow rate is expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s).
3.13
cooling liquid mass flow rate
mass flow rate of the cooling liquid (3.4) that passes through the EGR cooler (3.5) core (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: The cooling liquid mass flow rate is expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s).
3.14
core
part at which heat is exchanged between the EGR gas (3.2) and the cooling liquid (3.4)
4 Test items
This test evaluates the following items:
a) EGR gas heat dissipation amount or EGR gas temperature effectiveness;
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
b) EGR gas pressure loss;
c) cooling liquid pressure loss.
5 Test setup
5.1 Test conditions
The EGR cooler, test gas, cooling liquid, and test location conditions are shown as follows.
In the case of measurement with the fouled EGR cooler, test conditions should be agreed by the parties
concerned.
a) EGR cooler:
The EGR cooler consists of main components such as the core, tank, flanges, and pipes, as well as
supplementary parts. An example is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 flange
2 tank
3 pipe
4 core
NOTE The inlet and outlet flange can have a different flow through the cross-sectional ar
...
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