ISO 2470-1:2009
(Main)Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
ISO 2470-1:2009 specifies a method for measuring the diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) of pulps, papers and boards. ISO 2470-1:2009 is limited in its scope to white and near-white pulps, papers and boards. The measurement can only be made in an instrument in which the ultraviolet energy level of the illumination has been adjusted to correspond to the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard.
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu — Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO)
L'ISO 2470-1:2009 spécifie une méthode de mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu (degré de blancheur ISO) des pâtes, papiers et cartons. L'ISO 2470-1:2009 se limite aux pâtes, papiers et cartons blancs ou presque blancs. Le mesurage ne peut être effectué qu'à l'aide d'un appareil dans lequel le niveau d'énergie ultraviolette de l'éclairage a été réglé à l'aide d'un étalon de référence fluorescent pour correspondre à l'illuminant CIE C.
Papir, karton in lepenka - Merjenje faktorja razpršene odsevnosti v modrem - 1. del: Pogoji osvetlitve v prostoru (belina po ISO)
Ta del standarda ISO 2470 določa metodo za merjenje faktorja razpršene odsevnosti v modrem (belina po ISO) pri lepenki, papirju in kartonu. Področje uporabe tega dela standarda ISO 2470 je lepenka, papir in karton bele ali skoraj bele barve. Meritev se lahko izvede samo z instrumentom, v katerem je bila raven energije ultravijolične osvetlitve prilagojena tako, da ustreza vrsti svetlobe CIE C, pri čemer je treba uporabiti referenčni standard za fluorescenco.
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Buy Standard
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
01-marec-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 2470:2002
Papir, karton in lepenka - Merjenje faktorja razpršene odsevnosti v modrem - 1.
del: Pogoji osvetlitve v prostoru (belina po ISO)
Paper, board and pulps -- Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor -- Part 1:
Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
Papier, carton et pâtes -- Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu --
Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2470-1:2009
ICS:
85.040 Vlaknine Pulps
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2470-1
First edition
2009-10-01
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement
of diffuse blue reflectance factor —
Part 1:
Indoor daylight conditions
(ISO brightness)
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse
dans le bleu —
Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour
(degré de blancheur ISO)
Reference number
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Apparatus.2
5.1 Reflectometer.2
5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and the working standards .3
5.3 Working standards .3
6 Sampling and conditioning .3
7 Preparation of test pieces.3
8 Procedure.4
9 Expression of results.4
10 Precision.4
11 Test report.5
Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of instruments for measuring ISO brightness.6
Annex B (normative) UV calibration service.8
Bibliography.10
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2470-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 2470:1999, which has been technically revised.
ISO 2470 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of
diffuse blue reflectance factor:
⎯ Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
⎯ Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65 brightness)
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Introduction
The reflectance factor (radiance factor) depends on the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral
and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. This part of ISO 2470 should therefore be read in
conjunction with ISO 2469 which defines the geometric characteristics of the instrument and also defines the
photometric calibration procedure to be adopted.
The definition of ISO brightness is historically linked to the Zeiss Elrepho instrument having, as a light source, an
incandescent lamp which excites fluorescence to only a limited extent. It is specified here that, in instruments of
the abridged spectrophotometer or filter colorimeter type, the UV content of the illumination be adjusted to
conform to the CIE illuminant C as defined by a fluorescent reference standard having an assigned value of ISO
brightness as described in Annex B. Only if this is done may the property measured on a fluorescent material be
called ISO brightness.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue
reflectance factor —
Part 1:
Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2470 specifies a method for measuring the diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) of
pulps, papers and boards.
This part of ISO 2470 is limited in its scope to white and near-white pulps, papers and boards. The
measurement can only be made in an instrument in which the ultraviolet energy level of the illumination has
been adjusted to correspond to the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard.
NOTE The property called D65 brightness is measured with an instrument adjusted to a much higher UV content
than that specified in this part of ISO 2470. The measurement of D65 brightness is described in ISO 2470-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 2469:2007, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse radiance factor
ISO 3688, Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for the measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor
(ISO brightness)
ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps — International calibration of testing apparatus — Nomination and
acceptance of standardizing and authorized laboratories
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
radiance factor
β
ratio of the radiance of a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at
the surface element to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination
NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, β, is the sum of two portions, the reflected
radiance factor, β , and the luminescent radiance factor, β , so that:
S L
β = β + β
S L
For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, β , is numerically equal to the reflectance factor R.
S
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
3.2
diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor
R
ratio of the radiation reflected and emitted from a body to that reflected from the perfect reflecting diffuser
under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detection
NOTE 1 The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.
NOTE 2 The diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor is influenced by the backing if the body is translucent.
NOTE 3 This part of ISO 2470 prescribes diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument calibrated in
accordance with the provisions of this part of ISO 2470.
3.3
intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor
R
∞
diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor of a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that
increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured
radiance [reflectance] factor
NOTE The radiance [reflectance] factor of a single non-opaque sheet is dependent on the background and is not a
material property.
3.4
ISO brightness
R
457
intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor measured with a reflectometer having the characteristics described in
ISO 2469, equipped with a filter or corresponding function having an effective wavelength of 457 nm and a
half bandwidth of 44 nm, and adjusted so that the UV content of the irradiation incident upon the test piece
corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C
NOTE The filter function is described more fully by the weighting function factors given in Annex A and Table A.1.
4 Principle
A test piece is illuminated diffusely in a standard instrument and the light reflected normal to the surface is
either allowed to pass through a defined optical filter and then measured by a photodetector or measured by
an array of photosensitive diodes, where each diode responds to a different effective wavelength. The
brightness is then determined directly from the output from the photodetector or by calculation from the
photosensitive diode outputs using the appropriate weighting function.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Reflectometer
5.1.1 Reflectometer having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics described in ISO 2469
and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, and equipped for the measurement of blue
reflectance factor as defined in Annex A.
5.1.2 In the case of a filter reflectometer, the radiation falling upon the test piece shall have a UV content
corresponding to that of the CIE illuminant C.
5.1.3 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have an adjustable filter with a cut-
off wavelength of 395 nm or some other system for adjustment and control, and this filter shall be adjusted or
the system shall be calibrated with the help of the fluorescence reference standard (5.2.3), so that the UV
content of the illumination falling upon the sample corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 --------
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2470-1
First edition
2009-10-01
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement
of diffuse blue reflectance factor —
Part 1:
Indoor daylight conditions
(ISO brightness)
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse
dans le bleu —
Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour
(degré de blancheur ISO)
Reference number
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.2
5 Apparatus.2
5.1 Reflectometer.2
5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and the working standards .3
5.3 Working standards .3
6 Sampling and conditioning .3
7 Preparation of test pieces.3
8 Procedure.4
9 Expression of results.4
10 Precision.4
11 Test report.5
Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of instruments for measuring ISO brightness.6
Annex B (normative) UV calibration service.8
Bibliography.10
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2470-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 2470:1999, which has been technically revised.
ISO 2470 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of
diffuse blue reflectance factor:
⎯ Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
⎯ Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65 brightness)
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Introduction
The reflectance factor (radiance factor) depends on the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral
and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. This part of ISO 2470 should therefore be read in
conjunction with ISO 2469 which defines the geometric characteristics of the instrument and also defines the
photometric calibration procedure to be adopted.
The definition of ISO brightness is historically linked to the Zeiss Elrepho instrument having, as a light source, an
incandescent lamp which excites fluorescence to only a limited extent. It is specified here that, in instruments of
the abridged spectrophotometer or filter colorimeter type, the UV content of the illumination be adjusted to
conform to the CIE illuminant C as defined by a fluorescent reference standard having an assigned value of ISO
brightness as described in Annex B. Only if this is done may the property measured on a fluorescent material be
called ISO brightness.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue
reflectance factor —
Part 1:
Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2470 specifies a method for measuring the diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) of
pulps, papers and boards.
This part of ISO 2470 is limited in its scope to white and near-white pulps, papers and boards. The
measurement can only be made in an instrument in which the ultraviolet energy level of the illumination has
been adjusted to correspond to the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard.
NOTE The property called D65 brightness is measured with an instrument adjusted to a much higher UV content
than that specified in this part of ISO 2470. The measurement of D65 brightness is described in ISO 2470-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 2469:2007, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse radiance factor
ISO 3688, Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for the measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor
(ISO brightness)
ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps — International calibration of testing apparatus — Nomination and
acceptance of standardizing and authorized laboratories
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
radiance factor
β
ratio of the radiance of a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at
the surface element to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination
NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, β, is the sum of two portions, the reflected
radiance factor, β , and the luminescent radiance factor, β , so that:
S L
β = β + β
S L
For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, β , is numerically equal to the reflectance factor R.
S
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
3.2
diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor
R
ratio of the radiation reflected and emitted from a body to that reflected from the perfect reflecting diffuser
under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detection
NOTE 1 The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.
NOTE 2 The diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor is influenced by the backing if the body is translucent.
NOTE 3 This part of ISO 2470 prescribes diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument calibrated in
accordance with the provisions of this part of ISO 2470.
3.3
intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor
R
∞
diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor of a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that
increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured
radiance [reflectance] factor
NOTE The radiance [reflectance] factor of a single non-opaque sheet is dependent on the background and is not a
material property.
3.4
ISO brightness
R
457
intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor measured with a reflectometer having the characteristics described in
ISO 2469, equipped with a filter or corresponding function having an effective wavelength of 457 nm and a
half bandwidth of 44 nm, and adjusted so that the UV content of the irradiation incident upon the test piece
corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C
NOTE The filter function is described more fully by the weighting function factors given in Annex A and Table A.1.
4 Principle
A test piece is illuminated diffusely in a standard instrument and the light reflected normal to the surface is
either allowed to pass through a defined optical filter and then measured by a photodetector or measured by
an array of photosensitive diodes, where each diode responds to a different effective wavelength. The
brightness is then determined directly from the output from the photodetector or by calculation from the
photosensitive diode outputs using the appropriate weighting function.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Reflectometer
5.1.1 Reflectometer having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics described in ISO 2469
and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, and equipped for the measurement of blue
reflectance factor as defined in Annex A.
5.1.2 In the case of a filter reflectometer, the radiation falling upon the test piece shall have a UV content
corresponding to that of the CIE illuminant C.
5.1.3 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have an adjustable filter with a cut-
off wavelength of 395 nm or some other system for adjustment and control, and this filter shall be adjusted or
the system shall be calibrated with the help of the fluorescence reference standard (5.2.3), so that the UV
content of the illumination falling upon the sample corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(E)
5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and the working standards
5.2.1 Use reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and
UV adjustment.
NOTE This frequency interval can be fixed according to a defined schedule or control limits (e.g. from drift analysis of
the measuring instrument).
5.2.2 Non-fluorescent reference standard for photometric calibration, issued by an ISO/TC 6 authorized
laboratory in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469.
5.2.3 Fluorescent
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Papir, karton in lepenka - Merjenje faktorja razpršene odsevnosti v modrem - 1. del: Pogoji osvetlitve v prostoru (belina po ISO)Papier, carton et pâtes -- Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu -- Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO)Paper, board and pulps -- Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor -- Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and board85.040VlakninePulpsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 2470-1:2009oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013en01-februar-2013oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
Reference numberISO 2470-1:2009(E)© ISO 2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2470-1First edition2009-10-01Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness) Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu — Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO)
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
©
ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
copyright@iso.org Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.2 5 Apparatus.2 5.1 Reflectometer.2 5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and the working standards.3 5.3 Working standards.3 6 Sampling and conditioning.3 7 Preparation of test pieces.3 8 Procedure.4 9 Expression of results.4 10 Precision.4 11 Test report.5 Annex A (normative)
Spectral characteristics of instruments for measuring ISO brightness.6 Annex B (normative)
UV calibration service.8 Bibliography.10
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2470-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 2470:1999, which has been technically revised. ISO 2470 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor: ⎯ Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness) ⎯ Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65 brightness)
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v Introduction The reflectance factor (radiance factor) depends on the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. This part of ISO 2470 should therefore be read in conjunction with ISO 2469 which defines the geometric characteristics of the instrument and also defines the photometric calibration procedure to be adopted. The definition of ISO brightness is historically linked to the Zeiss Elrepho instrument having, as a light source, an incandescent lamp which excites fluorescence to only a limited extent. It is specified here that, in instruments of the abridged spectrophotometer or filter colorimeter type, the UV content of the illumination be adjusted to conform to the CIE illuminant C as defined by a fluorescent reference standard having an assigned value of ISO brightness as described in Annex B. Only if this is done may the property measured on a fluorescent material be called ISO brightness.
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2470-1:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1 Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness) 1 Scope This part of ISO 2470 specifies a method for measuring the diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) of pulps, papers and boards. This part of ISO 2470 is limited in its scope to white and near-white pulps, papers and boards. The measurement can only be made in an instrument in which the ultraviolet energy level of the illumination has been adjusted to correspond to the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard. NOTE The property called D65 brightness is measured with an instrument adjusted to a much higher UV content than that specified in this part of ISO 2470. The measurement of D65 brightness is described in ISO 2470-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality ISO 2469:2007, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse radiance factor ISO 3688, Pulps — Preparation of laboratory sheets for the measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness) ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps — International calibration of testing apparatus — Nomination and acceptance of standardizing and authorized laboratories ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 radiance factor β ratio of the radiance of a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at the surface element to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination NOTE For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the total radiance factor, β, is the sum of two portions, the reflected radiance factor, βS, and the luminescent radiance factor, βL, so that: β = βS + βL For non-fluorescent materials, the reflected radiance factor, βS, is numerically equal to the reflectance factor R. oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
ISO 2470-1:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3.2 diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor R ratio of the radiation reflected and emitted from a body to that reflected from the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detection NOTE 1 The ratio is often expressed as a percentage. NOTE 2 The diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor is influenced by the backing if the body is translucent. NOTE 3 This part of ISO 2470 prescribes diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument calibrated in accordance with the provisions of this part of ISO 2470. 3.3 intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor R∞ diffuse radiance [reflectance] factor of a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured radiance [reflectance] factor NOTE The radiance [reflectance] factor of a single non-opaque sheet is dependent on the background and is not a material property. 3.4 ISO brightness R457 intrinsic radiance [reflectance] factor measured with a reflectometer having the characteristics described in ISO 2469, equipped with a filter or corresponding function having an effective wavelength of 457 nm and a half bandwidth of 44 nm, and adjusted so that the UV content of the irradiation incident upon the test piece corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C NOTE The filter function is described more fully by the weighting function factors given in Annex A and Table A.1. 4 Principle A test piece is illuminated diffusely in a standard instrument and the light reflected normal to the surface is either allowed to pass through a defined optical filter and then measured by a photodetector or measured by an array of photosensitive diodes, where each diode responds to a different effective wavelength. The brightness is then determined directly from the output from the photodetector or by calculation from the photosensitive diode outputs using the appropriate weighting function. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Reflectometer 5.1.1 Reflectometer having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics described in ISO 2469 and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, and equipped for the measurement of blue reflectance factor as defined in Annex A. 5.1.2 In the case of a filter reflectometer, the radiation falling upon the test piece shall have a UV content corresponding to that of the CIE illuminant C. 5.1.3 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have an adjustable filter with a cut-off wavelength of 395 nm or some other system for adjustment and control, and this filter shall be adjusted or the system shall be calibrated with the help of the fluorescence reference standard (5.2.3), so that the UV content of the illumination falling upon the sample corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C. oSIST ISO 2470-1:2013
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NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 2470-1
Première édition
2009-10-01
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du
facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le
bleu —
Partie 1:
Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour
(degré de blancheur ISO)
Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance
factor —
Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)
Numéro de référence
ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
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ii © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.1
3 Termes et définitions .2
4 Principe.3
5 Appareillage .3
5.1 Réflectomètre.3
5.2 Étalons de référence pour l'étalonnage de l'appareil et des étalons de travail .3
5.3 Étalons de travail.3
6 Échantillonnage et conditionnement .4
7 Préparation des éprouvettes.4
8 Mode opératoire.4
9 Expression des résultats.5
10 Fidélité .5
11 Rapport d'essai.5
Annexe A (normative) Caractéristiques spectrales des appareils de mesure
du degré de blancheur ISO.6
Annexe B (normative) Service d'étalonnage de la teneur en UV .8
Bibliographie.10
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 2470-1 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pâtes.
Cette première édition annule et remplace l'ISO 2470:1999, qui a fait l'objet d'une révision technique.
L'ISO 2470 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Papier, carton et pâtes —
Mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le bleu:
⎯ Partie 1: Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour (degré de blancheur ISO)
⎯ Partie 2: Conditions de lumière du jour extérieure (degré de blancheur D65)
iv © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
Introduction
Le facteur de réflectance (facteur de luminance énergétique) dépend des conditions de mesurage, en
particulier des caractéristiques spectrales et géométriques de l'appareil utilisé. Il convient donc de lire la
présente partie de l'ISO 2470 conjointement avec l'ISO 2469 qui définit les caractéristiques géométriques de
l'appareil ainsi que le mode opératoire d'étalonnage photométrique à adopter.
La définition du degré de blancheur ISO est historiquement liée à l'appareil Elrepho Zeiss dont la source
lumineuse est une lampe à incandescence qui n'excite la fluorescence que de façon limitée. Il est spécifié ici
que, sur les appareils du type spectrophotomètre continu ou colorimètre à filtre, la teneur en UV de l'éclairage
doit être réglée afin qu'elle soit conforme à celle de l'illuminant CIE C, définie par un étalon de référence
fluorescent auquel est attribué un degré de blancheur ISO, comme décrit à l'Annexe B. Ce n'est que dans ce
cas que la propriété mesurée sur un matériau fluorescent peut être appelée degré de blancheur ISO.
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de réflectance
diffuse dans le bleu —
Partie 1:
Conditions d'éclairage intérieur de jour
(degré de blancheur ISO)
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 2470 spécifie une méthode de mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse dans le
bleu (degré de blancheur ISO) des pâtes, papiers et cartons.
La présente partie de l'ISO 2470 se limite aux pâtes, papiers et cartons blancs ou presque blancs. Le
mesurage ne peut être effectué qu'à l'aide d'un appareil dans lequel le niveau d'énergie ultraviolette de
l'éclairage a été réglé à l'aide d'un étalon de référence fluorescent pour correspondre à l'illuminant CIE C.
NOTE La propriété appelée degré de blancheur D65 est mesurée à l'aide d'un appareil réglé à une teneur en UV
beaucoup plus élevée que celle spécifiée dans la présente partie de l'ISO 2470. Le mesurage du degré de blancheur D65
est décrit dans l'ISO 2470-2.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 186, Papier et carton — Échantillonnage pour déterminer la qualité moyenne
ISO 2469:2007, Papier, carton et pâtes — Mesurage du facteur de luminance énergétique diffuse
ISO 3688, Pâtes — Préparation des feuilles de laboratoire pour le mesurage du facteur de réflectance diffuse
dans le bleu (degré de blancheur ISO)
ISO 4094, Papiers, cartons et pâtes — Étalonnage international des appareils d'essai — Désignation et
agrément des laboratoires de référence et des laboratoires agréés
ISO 7213, Pâtes — Échantillonnage pour essais
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
facteur de luminance énergétique
β
rapport de la luminance énergétique en un élément de surface d'un corps dans la direction délimitée par un
cône donné dont le sommet se trouve au niveau de l'élément de surface, à la luminance énergétique du
diffuseur parfait par réflexion, dans les mêmes conditions d'éclairage
NOTE Pour les matériaux fluorescents (luminescents), le facteur de luminance énergétique totale, β, est la somme
de deux grandeurs, le facteur de luminance énergétique réfléchie, β , et le facteur de luminance énergétique par
S
luminescence, β , de sorte que:
L
ββ=+β
SL
Pour les matériaux non fluorescents, la valeur du facteur de luminance énergétique réfléchie, β , est numériquement
S
égale au facteur de réflectance R.
3.2
facteur de luminance [réflectance] énergétique diffuse
R
rapport du rayonnement réfléchi et émis par un corps au rayonnement réfléchi par le diffuseur parfait, dans les
mêmes conditions d'éclairage diffus et de détection normale
NOTE 1 Ce rapport est souvent exprimé en pourcentage.
NOTE 2 Le facteur de luminance [réflectance] énergétique diffuse dépend du fond si le corps est translucide.
NOTE 3 La présente partie de l'ISO 2470 spécifie l'utilisation d'un éclairage diffus et d'une détection normale dans un
appareil étalonné conformément aux dispositions de la présente partie de l'ISO 2470.
3.3
facteur de luminance [réflectance] énergétique intrinsèque
R
∞
facteur de luminance [réflectance] énergétique diffuse d'une couche ou d'une liasse de matériau suffisamment
épaisse pour être opaque, c'est-à-dire telle que l'augmentation de l'épaisseur de la liasse par doublement du
nombre de feuilles la constituant, n'engendre aucune modification du facteur de luminance [réflectance]
énergétique mesuré
NOTE Le facteur de luminance [réflectance] énergétique d'une feuille unique non opaque dépend du fond et n'est
pas une propriété du matériau.
3.4
degré de blancheur ISO
R
457
facteur de luminance [réflectance] intrinsèque, mesuré avec un réflectomètre présentant les caractéristiques
décrites dans l'ISO 2469, équipé d'un filtre ou doté d'une fonction correspondante, ayant une longueur d'onde
efficace de 457 nm et une largeur de bande à mi-hauteur de 44 nm et réglé de manière que la teneur en UV
du rayonnement incident arrivant sur l'éprouvette corresponde à celle de l'illuminant CIE C
NOTE Les facteurs de la fonction de pondération donnés à l'Annexe A et dans le Tableau A.1 décrivent plus
précisément la fonction du filtre.
2 © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 2470-1:2009(F)
4 Principe
Une éprouvette est éclairée de manière diffuse dans un instrument normalisé et la lumière réfléchie
perpendiculairement à la surface soit passe à travers un filtre optique défini pour être ensuite mesurée à l'aide
d'un photodétecteur, soit est mesurée à l'aide d'un réseau de diodes photosensibles, chacune correspondant
à une longueur d'onde efficace différente. Le degré de blancheur est alors déterminé directement à partir de
la valeur de sortie du photodétecteur ou par calcul à partir des données de sortie des diodes photosensibles
en appliquant la fonction de pondération appropriée.
5 Appareillage
5.1 Réflectomètre
5.1.1 Réflectomètre ayant les caractéristiques géométriques, spectrales et photométriques décrites dans
l'ISO 2469, étalonné conformément aux dispositions de l'ISO 2469 et équipé pour mesurer le facteur de
réflectance dans le bleu, tel que défini à l'Annexe A.
5.1.2 Dans le cas d'un réflectomètre à filtre, le rayonnement tombant sur l'éprouvette doit avoir une teneur
en UV correspondant à celle de l'illuminant CIE C.
5.1.3 Dans le cas d'un spectrophotomètre continu, l'appareil doit être doté d'un filtre réglable ayant une
longueur d'onde de coupure de 395 nm ou d'un autre système de réglage et de contrôle, ce filtre devant être
réglé ou le système étalonné à l'aide de l'étalon de référence fluorescent (5.2.3) de manière que la teneur en
UV du rayonnement tombant sur l'échantillon corresponde à celle de l'illuminant CIE C.
5.2 Étalons de référence pour l'étalonnage de l'appareil et des étalons de travail
5.2.1 Utiliser les étalons de référence de manière suffisamment fréquente pour garantir un
étalonnage et un réglage des UV satisfaisants.
NOTE Cet intervalle de fréquence peut être fixé selon un calendrier défini ou des limites de contrôle (par exemple à
partir de l'analyse de la dérive de l'instrument de mesure).
5.2.2 Étalon de référence non fluorescent pour l'étalonnage photométrique, provenant d'un laboratoire
agréé par l'ISO/TC 6 conformément aux dispositions de
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