ISO/FDIS 17201-4

Acoustics — Noise from shooting ranges — Part 4: Calculation of projectile sound

Acoustique — Bruit des stands de tir — Partie 4: Calcul du bruit du projectile

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
• ICS: 95.020 - Military in general
• ICS: 97.220.10 - Sports facilities
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 43/SC 1 - Noise
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 43/SC 1 - Noise
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 15-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 15-Apr-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 11665-1:2019 - Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Air: radon-222 — Part 1: Origins of radon and its short-lived decay products and associated measurement methods
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 17201-4:2006 - Acoustics — Noise from shooting ranges — Part 4: Prediction of projectile sound
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Acoustics — Noise from shooting
Secretariat: DIN
ranges —
Voting begins on:
2025-04-15
Part 4:
Calculation of projectile sound
Voting terminates on:
2025-06-10
Acoustique — Bruit des stands de tir —
Partie 4: Calcul du bruit du projectile
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Acoustics — Noise from shooting
Secretariat: DIN
ranges —
Voting begins on:
Part 4:
Calculation of projectile sound
Voting terminates on:
Acoustique — Bruit des stands de tir —
Partie 4: Calcul du bruit du projectile
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Projectile sound . 5
4.1 General .5
4.2 Regions .5
4.3 Spectrum of an N-wave .6
5 Source description . 7
5.1 Source point .7
5.2 Source sound exposure level for streamlined projectiles.7
5.3 Source sound exposure level for non-streamlined projectiles .8
5.4 Spectrum of the source sound exposure level .11
6 Calculating the sound exposure level at a receiver location .11
6.1 Basic formula .11
6.2 Calculation of the attenuation terms . 12
6.2.1 Geometric attenuation . 12
6.2.2 Non-linear attenuation . .14
6.2.3 Non-linear shift of the spectrum . 15
6.2.4 Atmospheric absorption, excess attenuation and barrier effects . 15
7 Uncertainty in source description and propagation .16
7.1 Overview .16
7.2 Uncertainties in source description .17
7.2.1 General .17
7.2.2 Source point location .17
7.2.3 Broadband source sound exposure level for streamlined projectiles .17
7.2.4 Source sound exposure level for non-streamlined projectiles .18
7.2.5 Characteristic frequency of the N-wave .18
7.2.6 Spectrum of the source sound exposure level .19
7.3 Uncertainties in determining the sound exposure level at a receiver location .19
7.3.1 General .19
7.3.2 The uncertainties at a receiver location for non-streamlined projectiles .19
Annex A (informative) Derivation of constants and consideration of barrier and other effects .20
Annex B (informative) Calculation of projectile sound for projectiles on ballistic trajectories .24
Annex C (informative) Estimation of projectile velocity change.27
Annex D (informative) Calculation examples .30
Bibliography . 41

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 211,
Acoustics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17201-4:2006), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— restructure of the document into new clauses: Projectile sound, Source description, Sound exposure
level at the receiver, and Uncertainty;
— separation of source and propagation terms;
— inclusion (from ISO 17201-2) and update of the source level for non-streamlined projectiles;
— expansion of the Clause on uncertainty;
— addition of Annex B on ballistic trajectories;
— addition of Annex C on projectile velocity change;
— addition of Annex D with informative examples.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17201 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Shooting sound registered around shooting ranges consists in general of three components: muzzle blast
sound, impact sound and projectile sound. This document deals solely with the projectile sound from
supersonic projectiles. It specifies a method for calculating the source sound exposure level of projectile
sound. It also provides a method for calculating the propagation of projectile sound, accounting for its
distinct characteristics that set it apart from the propagation of sound originating from other sources.
This document is intended for calibres of less than 20 mm but can also be used for larger calibres.
Projectile sound is described as originating from a certain point on the projectile trajectory, the “source point”.
The source sound exposure level is calculated from the geometric properties and the speed of the projectile
along its trajectory. Methods are given on how the sound exposure level at a receiver location is to be
calculated from this source sound exposure level, taking into account geometrical attenuation, atmospheric
absorption and attenuation and frequency shift due to non-linear effects. In addition, the effects on the
sound exposure level due to the decrease of the projectile speed and atmospheric turbulence are taken into
account.
In a restricted region, the Mach region (region II – see 4.2), the projectile sound exposure level is significant
compared to the muzzle blast sound exposure level. Outside this region only diffracted or scattered projectile
sound is received, with considerably lower levels than in this Mach region. Projectile sound behind the Mach
region (region I) is negligible compared to muzzle sound, except for contributions due to reflections from
other regions. In this document, a computational
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ISO/TC 43/SC 1/WG 51
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Secretariat: DIN
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Date: 2025-03-14-xx
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Acoustics — Noise from shooting ranges —
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ISO #####-#:####(X/FDIS 17201-4:2025(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
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© ISO 2025
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either
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ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between
ISO copyright office
Asian text and numbers
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH--1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
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Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
Contents
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Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Foreword . v
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Projectile sound. 5
4.1 General. 5
4.2 Regions . 5
4.3 Spectrum of an N-wave . 7
5 Source description . 8
5.1 Source point . 8
5.2 Source sound exposure level for streamlined projectiles . 8
5.3 Source sound exposure level for non-streamlined projectiles . 9
5.4 Spectrum of the source sound exposure level . 13
6 Calculating the sound exposure level at a receiver location . 13
6.1 Basic formula . 13
6.2 Calculation of the attenuation terms . 14
7 Uncertainty in source description and propagation . 17
7.1 Overview . 17
7.2 Uncertainties in source description . 18
7.3 Uncertainties in determining the sound exposure level at a receiver location . 21
Annex A (informative) Derivation of constants and consideration of barrier and other effects . 22
Annex B (informative) Calculation of projectile sound for projectiles on ballistic trajectories . 27
Annex C (informative) Estimation of projectile velocity change . 31
Annex D (informative) Calculation examples . 34
Bibliography . 46

Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
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4 Projectile sound. 5 Formatted: Font: 10 pt
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4.1 Introduction . 5
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4.2 Regions . 5
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4.3 The spectrum of an N-wave . 6
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5 Source description . 7
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iii
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5.1 Source point . 7
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5.2 Source sound exposure level for streamlined projectiles . 7
5.3 Source sound exposure level for non-streamlined projectiles . 8
5.4 Spectrum of the source sound exposure level . 11
6 Calculating the sound exposure level at a receiver location . 11
6.1 Basic formula . 11
6.2 Calculation of the attenuation terms . 12
6.2.1 Geometric attenuation . 12
6.2.2 Non-linear attenuation . 13
6.2.3 Non-linear shift of the spectrum . 14
6.2.4 Atmospheric absorption, excess attenuation and barrier effects . 14
7 Uncertainty in source description and propagation . 15
7.1 Uncertainties in source description . 16
7.2 Uncertainties in determining the sound exposure level at a receiver location . 18
Annex A (informative) Derivation of constants and consideration of barrier and other effects . 19
A.1 General. 19
A.2 Calculation of L . 19
A.3 Calculation of f . 20
A.4 Consideration of barrier effects and additional effects . 20
A.4.1 General. 20
A.4.2 Border region of region II . 20
A.4.3 Different contributions around and over a barrier . 21
Annex B (informative) Calculation of projectile sound for projectiles on ballistic trajectories . 23
B.1 Calculation of the projectile trajectory . 23
B.2 Calculation of the trajectory emission point . 24
B.3 Calculation of the projectile energy loss . 25
Annex C (informative) Estimation of projectile velocity change . 26
Annex D (informative) Calculation examples . 29
D.1 Projectile sound at source and receiver . 29
D.2 Calculation example for excess attenuation in situations with and without a barrier . 31
D.2.1 Situations . 31
D.2.2 Calculation methods for the excess attenuation . 32
D.2.3 Situation without a barrier . 33
D.2.4 Situation with a barrier; only top diffraction . 35
D.2.5 Situation with a barrier; top diffraction and lateral diffractions . 37
D.3 Estimation of sound exposure of a non streamlined projectile . 39
Bibliography . 41
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