ISO/FDIS 2076

Textiles -- Chemically manufactured fibres -- Generic names

Textiles -- Fibres chimiques -- Noms génériques

General Information

• Status: Published
• ICS: 01.040.59 - Textile and leather technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 59.060.20 - Man-made fibres
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 38 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 38/WG 22 - Composition and chemical testing
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 26-Jul-2021
• Completion Date: 26-Jul-2021

RELATIONS

• Revised: ISO 2076:2013 - Textiles -- Man-made fibres -- Generic names
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Standards Content (sample)

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 2076
ISO/TC 38
Textiles — Chemically manufactured
Secretariat: JISC
fibres — Generic names
Voting begins on:
2021­07­26
Textiles — Fibres chimiques — Noms génériques
Voting terminates on:
2021­09­20
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

4.1 Table entries .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

4.2 Generic name (for example, acetate) ................................................................................................................................... 2

4.3 Other denominations......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.4 Abbreviated terms (for example CA) ................................................................................................................................... 2

4.5 Distinguishing attributes................................................................................................................................................................ 2

4.6 Chemical formulae ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Generic names ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

6 Designation of the bicomponent fibres......................................................................................................................................13

Annex A (informative) Rules related to the creation of a generic name .......................................................................14

Annex B (informative) Fibres made of several components .....................................................................................................16

Annex C (informative) Modified fibres ............................................................................................................................................................18

Annex D (informative) Index of generic names in English and in French ...................................................................19

Annex E (informative) Index of abbreviated terms in alphabetical order with English and

French equivalents ..........................................................................................................................................................................................21

Annex F (informative) Regional and national requirements related to generic names ..............................22

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, in collaboration with the

European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 248, Textiles and textile

products, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna

Agreement).

This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition (ISO 2076:2013), which has been technically

revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— the deprecated expression "man-made fibres" has been changed to "chemically manufactured

fibres" in the title and text;

— the mandatory Clause 2 (Normative references) has been added and subsequent clauses have been

renumbered;

— in Table 1, the definition of protein (5.28) has been modified, chitosan (5.36), polyacrylate (5.37),

polybenzoxazole (5.38) and polyarylate (5.39) as well as their respective definition have been

added;

— in Table D.1, chitosan, polyacrylate, polybenzoxazole and polyarylate have been added;

— in Table E.1, polybenzoxazole and polyarylate have been added;
— in Table F.2, protein (EU denomination) has been added.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
Introduction

The objective of this document is to propose a generic name of fibre (a generic name is unique by nature)

within the framework of the ISO standardization for the textile products. It has been elaborated in order

to present a compilation of generic names and the rules to create a new generic name for new fibres.

[1] [3]

It is intended to be the reference for the ISO 1833 series and the Technical Report ISO/TR 11827 .

It can be used as a reference within the framework of the globalization as compilation of the generic

names of chemically manufactured fibres is important for the global distribution of textile products

due to national regulations for the declaration of fibre content and care labelling. It can be an answer to

a universal need for the standardization of generic names that would foster easy movement of textiles

across borders to facilitate trade, for example, for companies which might have plants in multiple

countries and have innovations and business activities covering research and development in fibre-

producing.

This document can be helpful for the coordination of national or regional authorities (for examples,

FTC in the USA, European Commission in European Union, etc.) within the framework of regulations.

Annex F links the generic names to the specific requirements regarding some national or regional

regulations.

For example, products destined for the European market are labelled in accordance with the regulation

identified as Regulation (EU) No. 1007/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27

September 2011 on textile fibre names and related labelling and marking of the fibre composition of

textile products. Regulation 1007/2011 repeals Council Directive 73/44/EEC and Directives 96/73/EC

and 2008/121/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and includes some different and/or

additional fibre denominations other than the present generic names (see F.3 and Table F.2).

Annexes include the description of the fibre structures in case of fibre made of several components (see

Annex B) and the description of modified fibres (see Annex C).
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
Textiles — Chemically manufactured fibres — Generic
names
1 Scope

This document defines the generic names used to designate the different categories of chemically

manufactured fibres, based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for

textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The

term “chemically manufactured fibres” has been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing

process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form.

This document gives recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A).

NOTE These rules have been introduced in the sixth edition of ISO 2076, and thus, they are not applicable to

the existing generic names of the previous editions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
chemically manufactured fibre
fibre obtained by a manufacturing process

Note 1 to entry: The term “chemically manufactured” fibre can be named “manufactured” fibre or “chemical”

fibre.
4 General
4.1 Table entries

The entries in Table 1 are organized into five principal elements: generic name, other denominations,

abbreviated terms, distinguishing attributes and chemical formulae.

In some chemical formulae, k, m, n or p are used to express the repetition of the monomer or oligomer

unit and R for radical group.

The entries of Table D.1 in Annex D are an index of generic names in English and in French.

The entries of Table E.1 in Annex E are an index of abbreviated terms in alphabetical order with English

and French equivalents.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
4.2 Generic name (for example, acetate)

This is the name to be used for the fibre whose attributes are described under the heading

"Distinguishing attribute" in Table 1. The use of this name shall be limited to those fibres that contain

not more than 15 % by mass of property-enhancing additives prior to spinning (no limit is placed upon

the proportion of additives that are not property enhanced). In both the English and French languages,

the generic name shall be written without capital letters.

The generic name may also apply to a chemically manufactured fibre which results from a manufacturing

process that can confer a distinguishing attribute.
4.3 Other denominations

When relevant, this is the denomination used for the fibre name in the regulation of some countries,

which differs from the generic name.

The given denominations are relative to the following countries: China (identified as CN), countries

of the European Union (EU), Japan (JP) and the USA (US). For further information on the regulation

related to these countries, see Annex F.

NOTE The country list can be extended in relation to the contribution of the concerned countries.

4.4 Abbreviated terms (for example CA)

This is a two- to four-letter designation used to facilitate the naming of chemically manufactured fibres,

for example in sales and technical literature. In some cases, the system of abbreviated terms given to

textile fibres is different from the one used for plastics.
[2]
NOTE The system of abbreviated terms for plastics is given in ISO 1043-1 .
4.5 Distinguishing attributes

These are attributes that differentiate one fibre from all the others. Chemical difference, which often

results in distinctive property differences, is the main basis for classification in this document;

other attributes are used, where necessary, to differentiate between otherwise similar chemically

manufactured fibres. The distinguishing attributes are not necessarily those by which the fibres can be

identified or the same as those used for naming chemical molecules, nor are they necessarily suitable

for the analysis of fibre mixtures.

NOTE In these descriptions, the concepts “group”, “linkage” and “unit” have been used in the following

manner:

— “group” is used to denote a functional chemical unit, for example hydroxyl groups on acetate;

— “linkage” is used to denote a chemical bond;
— “unit” is used to denote a repeating element.
4.6 Chemical formulae

These are indications of the chemical structure of the fibre. The examples do not comprise mandatory

elements of this document given that, in some cases, the same chemical formula can be shared by more

than one fibre category; for example cellulose II is shared by cupro, lyocell, modal and viscose.

5 Generic names
See Table 1.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 — Generic names

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.1 cupro CUP Cellulose fibre obtained by the cupram­ Cellulose II:
monium process.
5.2 lyocell rayon (US) CLY Cellulose fibre obtained by an organic Cellulose II:
solvent spinning process. It is under­
stood that:
1) an “organic solvent” means essential­
ly a mixture of organic chemicals and
water;
2) “solvent spinning” means dissolving
and spinning without the formation of a
derivative.
5.3 modal rayon (US) CMD Cellulose fibre having a high break­ Cellulose II:
ing strength and a high wet modulus
obtained by the viscose process. The
breaking strength B in the conditioned
state and the force B required to
produce an elongation of 5 % in its wet
state are
B ≥+13, ρρ2
c 1 2
B ≥05, ρ
w 1
where ρ is the mean linear density
(mass per unit length), in decitex.
B and B are expressed in centinew­
c w
tons.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.4 viscose rayon (JP, US) CV Cellulose fibre obtained by the viscose Cellulose II:

process.

5.5 acetate CA Cellulose acetate fibre in which less Secondary cellulose acetate:

than 92 %, but at least 74 %, of the
hydroxyl groups are acetylated.
where X = H or CH CO and the degree of esterification is at
least 2,22 but less than 2,76.
5.6 triacetate CTA Cellulose acetate fibre in which at Cellulose triacetate:
least 92 % of the hydroxyl groups are
acetylated.
where X = H or CH CO and the degree of esterification is
between 2,76 and 3.
5.7 alginate ALG Fibre obtained from the metal salts of Calcium alginate:
alginic acid.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 5
Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.8 acrylic PAN Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Acrylonitrile:
cules having, in the chain, at least 85 %
by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.
and acrylic copolymers:
5.9 aramid AR Fibre composed of linear macromol­ EXAMPLE 1: para­aramid
ecules made up of aromatic groups
joined by amide or imide linkages, at
least 85 % of the amide or imide linkag­
es being joined directly to two aromatic
rings and the number of imide linkages,
EXAMPLE 2: polybenzimidazole
if the latter are present, not exceeding
the number of amide linkages.
NOTE In Example 1, the aromatic groups can be the same or
different.
5.10 chlorofibre CLF Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Poly(vinyl chloride):
cules having, in the chain, more than
50 % by mass of vinyl chloride or
vinylidene chloride units (more than
65 % in the case in which the rest of the
chain is made up of acrylonitrile, the
modacrylic fibres being thus excluded). And
poly(vinylidene chloride):
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.11 elastane polyurethane (JP) EL Fibre composed of at least 85 % by Macromolecules having alternate elastic and rigid segments

mass of a segmented polyurethane with repetition of the group
spandex (US)
and which, if stretched to three times
its unstretched length, rapidly reverts
substantially to the unstretched length
when the tension is removed.

5.12 elastodiene ED Fibre composed of natural or synthetic Natural polyisoprene extracted from the latex of

polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes Hevea brasiliensis, vulcanized:
polymerized with or without one or
more vinyl monomers, and which, if
stretched to three times its unstretched
length, rapidly reverts substantially to
the unstretched length when the ten­
sion is removed.

5.13 fluorofibre PTFE Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Polytetrafluoroethylene:

cules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon
monomers.
5.14 modacrylic MAC Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Acrylic copolymers:
cules having, in the chain, at least 50 %
and less than 85 % by mass of acryloni­
trile.
If X = H and Y = CI: acrylonitrile (vinyl chloride) copolymer
If X = Y = CI: acrylonitrile (vinylidene chloride) copolymer
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.15 polyamide polyamide or nylon PA Fibre composed of linear macromol­ Polyhexamethylene adipamide (polyamide 6–6):

(EU) ecules having, in the chain, recurring
amide linkages, at least 85 % of which
NOTE The use of
are joined to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic
“nylon” denomination
units.
is restricted to poly­
Polycaproamide (polyamide 6):
amide 6.6 in some EU
countries.
polyamide or nylon
(CN)
nylon (JP, US)

5.16 polyester triexta (US, only for PES Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Poly(ethylene terephthalate) – (PET):

polytrimethylene tere­ cules having, in the chain, at least 85 %
phthalate) by mass of an ester of a diol and tereph­
thalic acid.
Poly(butylene terephthalate) – (PBT):
Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) - (PTT)

5.17 polyethylene olefin (US) PE Fibre composed of linear macromol­ Polyethylene:

ecules of unsubstituted saturated
aliphatic hydrocarbons.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.18 polyimide PI Fibre composed of synthetic linear Polyimide:
macromolecules having, in the chain,
recurring imide units.
where R = aryl and R = alkyl
1 2

5.19 polypropylene olefin (US) PP Fibre composed of linear macromol­ Polypropylene:

ecules made up of saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon units in which one carbon
atom in two carries a methyl side
group, generally in an isotactic configu­
ration and without further substitution.
5.20 glass glass fibre (CN, EU) GF Fibre obtained by drawing molten glass.

5.21 vinylal PVAL Fibre composed of linear macromole­ Acetalized poly(vinyl alcohol):

cules of poly(vinyl alcohol) with differ­
ent levels of acetalization.
where n > 0 and R is: CH
5.22 carbon carbon fibre (CN) CF Fibre containing at least 90 % by mass
of carbon obtained by thermal carboni­
zation of organic precursors.
5.23 metal metallic fibre (EU, US) MTF Fibre obtained from metal.
metal fibre (CN)
f g

5.24 polylactide polylactide (EU, JP) , PLA Fibre formed of linear macromolecules

PLA (US) having in chain at least 85 % by mass of
lactic acid ester units.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.25 elastolefin lastol (US) EOL Fibre composed of at least 95 % by
mass of partially cross-linked macro­
molecules, made up from ethylene and
at least one other olefin, which, when
stretched to one and a half times its
original length and released, reverts
rapidly and substantially to its initial
length.
5.26 melamine MEL Fibre formed of at least 85 % by mass of
cross­linked macromolecules made up
of melamine derivatives.
5.27 polyphenylene PPS Fibre composed of linear macromole­
sulphide cules having in the main chain p­phen­
ylthio group.
5.28 protein azlon (US) — fibre composed of natural protein
substances or engineered protein sub­
stances, with or without stabilization
through the action of chemical agents,
at least 80 % by mass of protein.
5.29 polycarbamide — fibre formed of linear macromolecules
having in the chain the recurring urey­
lene (NH­CO­NH) functional group.
5.30 trivinyl — fibre formed of acrylonitrile terpoly­
mer, a chlorinated vinyl monomer and
a third vinyl monomer, none of which
represents as much as 50 % of the total
mass.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.31 polybenzimi­ PBI fibre formed of a long chain aromatic
dazol polymer having reoccurring imidazole
groups as an integral part of the poly­
mer chain.

5.32 elastomulties­ elasterell­p (US) ELE fibre formed by the interaction of two At least two ester macromolecules in each filament form an

ter or more chemically distinct linear elastomer, for examples:
macromolecules in two or more phases
(of which none exceeds 85 % by mass),
which contains ester groups (at least
85 %) as the dominant function and
suitable treatment, and which, when
stretched by 50 %, and released, dura­
bly and rapidly reverts substantially to
its unstretched length.
Example of physical arrangement:
Parts A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester
groups.
GT = Glycol Terephthalate
5.33 polypropylene/ — a bicomponent fibre composed of
polyamide between 10 % and 25 % by mass of pol­
bicomponent yamide fibrils embedded in polypropyl­
ene matrix.
5.34 ceramic ceramic fibre (CN) CEF a fibre composed of at least 40 % by
mass of alumina (Al O ).
2 3
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.35 chitin CHT a fibre made from chitin and its deriv­ Chitin:
atives.
5.36 chitosan — fibre formed by chitin polymer in which
at least 55 % acetylated groups have
been deacetylated.
Key
1 chitin
2 deacetylation
3 chitosan
5.37 polyacrylate — fibre formed of cross-linked macro­
molecules having more than 35 % (by
mass) of acrylate groups (acid, light
metal salts or esters) and less than
10 % (by mass) of acrylonitrile groups
in the chain and up to 15 % (by mass) of
nitrogen in the cross­linking.
5.38 polybenzoxa­ PBO fibre formed of a long chain aromatic
zole polymer having reoccurring oxazole
groups as an integral part of the poly­
mer chain.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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Table 1 (continued)

No. Generic name Other denominations Abbr. Distinguishing attribute Examples of chemical formulae

5.39 polyarylate PAR fibre composed of linear macromole­ Example of chemical formulae: Liquid-crystal polyester:

cules made up of aromatic groups con­ (LCP)
nected by ester linkages, at least 85% of
the ester linkages being joined directly
to two aromatic rings which shows
crystallinity in liquid state.

The prefixes “para-” and “meta-” refer to the chemical vocabulary related to the positions of the linkages on the aromatic ring.

The term “rubber” is used in some cases.

The unique number following the name refers to the number of carbon in the monomer (for example, polyamide 6: 6 carbon in the monomer). The numbers

following the name refer to the numbers of carbon in the monomers (for example, polyamide 6.10 with 6 carbons in one monomer and 10 in the other monomer).

Forms part of the polyolefin class.

Fibres can also be coated with metals, in which case they are described as “metallized fibres” and not “metal fibres”.

The prefix “levo-” (or “L-”) refers to the important proportion of levorotary lactic acid occurring during the enzymatic process when produced from natural

sugars (in this case, the melting point is at least 135 °C). In opposite, the prefix “dextro/levo-” (or “D/L-”) refers to the presence of both dextrorotary and levoro­

tary lactic acid when produced from other diesel sources.

The given definition in this table slightly differs from the definition in EU, Japan and the USA. Refer to F.3, F.4 and F.5, respectively, in Annex F for further infor­

mation.

The complementary part of the mass includes residuals from the chemical reaction process (for example, fermentation process).

Polyester/polyester bicomponent (see. Table 2, 6.1).
In the textile industry, the deacetylation degree is generally more than 90 %.
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
6 Designation of the bicomponent fibres

Table 2 lists only some bicomponent fibres currently in use and is not exhaustive as all possible

combinations (in relation to polymer couples and their structures, see B.2) are not developed.

Table 2 — Bicomponent fibre designation
Polymer couples (generic
Structure
No. Designations name of polymers: see Observations
(see B.2)
Table 1)
polyester (5.16), and elastomultiester (Table 1, 5.32)
polyester/polyester bicompo­
6.1 [S/S type]
nent
polyester (5.16)
polyester (5.16), and
polyester/polyester bicompo­ [Sh/C
6.2
nent type]
polyester (5.16)
polypropylene (5.19), and polypropylene/polyamide bi­
polypropylene/polyamide
6.3 [M/F type]
component (Table 1, 5.33)
bicomponent
polyamide (5.15)
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ISO/FDIS 2076:2021(E)
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