ISO/TC 198 - Sterilization of health care products

This document provides guidance for the application of the requirements contained in ISO 11607-1 and ISO 11607-2. It does not add to, or otherwise change, the requirements of ISO 11607-1 and ISO 11607-2. This is an informative document, not normative. It does not include requirements to be used as basis of regulatory inspection or certification assessment activities. The guidance can be used to better understand the requirements of ISO 11607-1 and ISO 11607-2 and illustrates the variety of methods and approaches available for meeting the requirements of those International Standards. It is not required that this document be used to demonstrate conformity with them. Guidance is given for evaluation, selection and use of packaging materials, preformed sterile barrier systems, sterile barrier systems and packaging systems. Guidance on validation requirements for forming, sealing and assembly processes is also given. This document provides information for both healthcare facilities and the medical devices industry for terminally sterilized medical devices. This document does not provide guidance for applications of packaging materials and systems after their opening. In the use of packaging for other purposes such as a “sterile field” or transport of contaminated items, other regulatory standards will apply.

This document specifies procedures and test methods used to demonstrate the cleaning efficacy of washer-disinfectors (WD) and their accessories intended to be used for cleaning of reusable medical devices. NOTE 1 The requirements can be used for washer-disinfectors intended for use with other articles used in the context of medical, dental, laboratory, pharmaceutical and veterinary practice. NOTE 2 This document does not apply to the activities to be performed by the manufacturers of reusable medical devices.

1.1 This document specifies the requirements for a test method to be utilized to establish or confirm a reduced incubation time (RIT) that is shorter than the 7-day reference incubation time specified in 7.3.2 of ISO 11138-1:2017 for biological indicators used to monitor moist heat sterilization processes or ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization processes. NOTE: For biological indicators used for EO sterilization, the stated RIT is applicable to 100 % EO processes or processes that use EO blends, regardless of the product load. 1.2 This document is applicable to manufacturers of biological indicators (BIs) and to end users of BIs who intend to, if required by their quality system, establish, validate or confirm a RIT. 1.3 This document does not apply to biological indicators used to monitor dry heat, low temperature steam formaldehyde (LTSF) or vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization processes. NOTE The method described in this document to establish a RIT for biological indicators used to monitor moist heat or EO sterilization processes has been used extensively for many years. However, there is limited experience in use of this method to establish a RIT for biological indicators used to monitor dry heat, low temperature steam formaldehyde or vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization processes. This document, therefore, does not include these sterilization processes.

This document specifies requirements for the information to be provided by the medical device manufacturer for the processing of critical or semi-critical medical devices (i.e. a medical device that enters normally sterile parts of the human body or a medical device that comes into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin) or medical devices that are intended to be sterilized. This includes information for processing prior to use or reuse of the medical device. Processing instructions are not defined in this document. Rather, this document specifies requirements to assist manufacturers of medical devices in providing detailed processing instructions that consist of the following activities, where applicable: a) initial treatment at the point of use; b) preparation before cleaning; c) cleaning; d) disinfection; e) drying; f) inspection and maintenance; g) packaging; h) sterilization; i) storage; j) transportation. This document excludes processing of the following: — non-critical medical devices unless they are intended to be sterilized; — textile devices used in patient draping systems or surgical clothing; — medical devices specified by the manufacturer for single use only and supplied ready for use. NOTE See ISO 17664-2:2021, Annex E, for further guidance on the application of the ISO 17664 series to a medical device.

This document specifies the requirements for and provides guidance on the specification, selection, qualification, bio-decontamination, validation, operation and control of isolator systems related to aseptic processing of health care products and processing of cell-based health care products. This document does not specify requirements for restricted access barrier systems (RABS). This document does not supersede or replace national regulatory requirements such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and/or compendia requirements that pertain in particular to national or regional jurisdictions. This document does not specify requirements for isolators used for sterility testing; however, some of the principles and information in this document could be applicable to this application. This document does not define biosafety containment requirements.

1.1.1 This document provides guidance for bioburden testing and tests of sterility for biologics and tissue-based products, where this testing is in relation to product sterilization. NOTE This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 11737-1 and ISO 11737-2. 1.1.2 Guidance in this document can be applicable to biologics and tissue-based products that are not sterile but are microbiologically controlled.

This document specifies requirements for the information to be provided by the medical device manufacturer for the processing of non-critical medical devices not intended to be sterilized (i.e. a medical device that is intended to come into contact with intact skin only or a medical device not intended for direct patient contact). This includes information for processing prior to use or reuse of the medical device. Processing instructions are not defined in this document. Rather, this document specifies requirements to assist manufacturers of medical devices in providing detailed processing instructions that consist of the following activities, where applicable: a) preparation before processing; b) cleaning; c) disinfection; d) drying; e) inspection and maintenance; f) packaging; g) storage; h) transportation. This document excludes processing of: 1) critical and semi-critical medical devices; 2) medical devices intended to be sterilized; 3) textile medical devices used in patient draping systems or surgical clothing; 4) medical devices specified by the manufacturer for single use only and supplied ready for use. NOTE See Annex E for further guidance on the application of the ISO 17664 series to a medical device.

This document specifies the common requirements for sterilizers used for terminal sterilization of medical devices in health care facilities. This document covers sterilizers that operate with a variety of sterilizing agents (alone or in combination) within a sealed vessel at different temperatures, above, at, or below atmospheric pressure. This document provides high-level requirements and respective test methods that are general in nature. This document does not provide quantitative requirements for process parameters or parameters of the sterilization cycle, or requirements for performance testing, validation or routine control of sterilizers because these depend on the respective sterilization method. This document does not supersede or modify requirements or test methods of published standards applying to sterilizers, or future editions thereof. This document does not apply to: — sterilizers using radiation as the sterilizing agent; — sterilizers for laboratory equipment; — sterilizers used to prepare culture media; — sterilizers used for bio-decontamination of laboratory or other waste including decontamination of pathogens in a high risk category; — systems used for bio-decontamination of rooms and isolator systems; — systems used for sterilization in place; or — washer-disinfectors. NOTE Whilst this document provides requirements for sterilizers used in health care applications, there will be elements that are applicable to industrial applications.

This document specifies requirements for the characterization of a liquid chemical sterilizing agent and for the development, validation, process control and monitoring of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilizing agents of single-use medical devices comprising, in whole or in part, materials of animal origin. This document covers the control of risks arising from contamination with bacteria and fungi by application of a liquid chemical sterilization process. Risks associated with other microorganisms can be assessed using other methods (see NOTE 1). This document is not applicable to material of human origin. This document does not describe methods for the validation of the inactivation of viruses and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents (see NOTE 2 and NOTE 3). This document does not describe methods for validation of the inactivation or elimination of protozoa and parasites. The requirements for validation and routine control described in this document are only applicable to the defined sterilization process of a medical device, which is performed after the manufacturing process, and do not take account of the lethal effects of other bioburden reduction steps (see NOTE 4). This document does not specify tests to establish the effects of any chosen sterilization process upon the fitness for use of the medical device (see NOTE 5). This document does not cover the level of residual sterilizing agent within medical devices (see NOTE 6). Guidance for the characterization of a liquid chemical sterilizing agent and for the development, validation, process control and monitoring of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilizing agents of single-use medical devices comprising, in whole or in part, materials of animal origin is provided in informative Annex A. NOTE 1 The prior application of risk management principles to medical devices utilizing animal tissues, as described in ISO 22442-1 is important. ISO 18362 provides information on control of microbial risks during processing of cell-based health-care products. NOTE 2 Liquid chemical sterilizing agents traditionally employed to sterilize animal tissues in medical devices might not be effective in inactivating the causative agents of TSE such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or scrapie. Satisfactory validation in accordance with this document does not necessarily demonstrate inactivation of infective agents of this type. Risk controls related to sourcing, collection and handling of animal materials are described in ISO 22442-2. NOTE 3 The validation of the inactivation, elimination, or elimination and inactivation of viruses and TSE agents is described in ISO 22442-3. NOTE 4 Manufacturing processes for medical devices containing animal tissues frequently include exposure to chemical agents which can significantly reduce the bioburden on the medical device. Following the manufacturing process, a medical device is exposed to a specified sterilization process. NOTE 5 Such testing is a crucial part of the design and development of a medical device. NOTE 6 ISO 10993-17 specifies a method to establish allowable limits for residues of sterilizing agents. NOTE 7 Standards for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) can be used in the control of all stages of manufacture including the sterilization process.

This document provides guidance on the requirements of ISO 11135 that apply when parametric release is used to release the product after exposure to the sterilization process. It provides a path for transition of existing cycles, as well as a path for the development and implementation of a parametric release specification for a new cycle. Additionally, it highlights the importance and interrelationship of other process factors, i.e. load configuration and equipment performance, which influence reproducibility of an ethylene oxide (EO) sterilization process. NOTE For ease of reference, the numbering of clauses in this document corresponds to that in the normative parts of ISO 11135. No additional guidance is offered for processes where the declaration of adequacy of the validated sterilization cycle includes a requirement for no growth in biological indicators (BIs) exposed to that process.

This document provides additional guidance to that given in ISO 11137-3 on meeting the requirements specified in ISO 11137-1, ISO 11137-2 and ISO/TS 13004 for the establishment and control of a radiation sterilization process using gamma, electron beam, and X-irradiation.

1.1 This document specifies the general criteria for tests of sterility on medical devices that have been exposed to a treatment with the sterilizing agent which has been reduced relative to that anticipated to be used in routine sterilization processing. These tests are intended to be performed when defining, validating or maintaining a sterilization process. 1.2 This document is not applicable to: a) sterility testing for routine release of product that has been subjected to a sterilization process, b) performing a test for sterility (see 3.12), NOTE 1 The performance of a) or b) is not a requirement of ISO 11135, ISO 11137-1, ISO 11137-2, ISO 14160, ISO 14937, ISO 17665-1 or ISO 20857. c) test of sterility or test for sterility for demonstration of product shelf life, stability and/or package integrity, and d) culturing of biological indicators or inoculated products. NOTE 2 Guidance on culturing biological indicators is included in ISO 11138-7.

This document provides guidance for the selection, use and interpretation of results from application of biological indicators when used in the development, validation and routine monitoring of sterilization processes. It does not consider those processes that rely solely on physical removal of microorganisms, e.g. filtration. It is not applicable to combination processes using, for example, washer-disinfectors or flushing and steaming of pipelines. It does not specify requirements for the selection and use of biological indicators intended to monitor vaporised hydrogen peroxide processes for isolator and room biodecontamination processes at atmospheric pressure. It is not applicable to liquid immersion sterilization processes.

This document specifies requirements for the development and validation of processes for packaging medical devices that are terminally sterilized. These processes include forming, sealing and assembly of preformed sterile barrier systems, sterile barrier systems and packaging systems. It is applicable to industry, to health care facilities, and to wherever medical devices are packaged and sterilized. It does not cover all requirements for packaging medical devices that are manufactured aseptically. Additional requirements can be necessary for drug/device combinations.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for materials, preformed sterile barrier systems, sterile barrier systems and packaging systems that are intended to maintain sterility of terminally sterilized medical devices until the point of use. It is applicable to industry, to health care facilities, and to wherever medical devices are placed in sterile barrier systems and sterilized. It does not cover all requirements for sterile barrier systems and packaging systems for medical devices that are manufactured aseptically. Additional requirements can be necessary for drug/device combinations. It does not describe a quality assurance system for control of all stages of manufacture. It does not apply to packaging materials and/or systems used to contain a contaminated medical device during transportation of the item to the site of reprocessing or disposal.

This document specifies the particular requirements, including performance criteria for washer-disinfectors (WD) that are intended to be used for cleaning and chemical disinfection of thermolabile endoscopes. This document also specifies the performance requirements for the cleaning and disinfection of the washer-disinfector and its components and accessories which can be required to achieve the necessary performance criteria. The methods, instrumentation and instructions required for type testing, works testing, validation (installation, operational and performance qualification on first installation), routine control and monitoring, and requalification of WD periodically and after essential repairs, are also specified. NOTE 1 In addition, Annex A gives guidance on an appropriate division of responsibility for the range of activities covered by this document. NOTE 2 WD complying with this document can also be used for cleaning and chemical disinfection of other thermolabile re-usable medical devices for which the device manufacturer has recommended and validated this method of disinfection. WD complying with the requirements of this document are not intended for cleaning and disinfection of medical devices, including endoscopic accessories, which are heat stable and can be disinfected or sterilized by thermal methods (see ISO 15883-1:2006+Amd 1:2014, 4.1.5). The specified performance requirements of this document do not ensure the inactivation or removal of the causative agent(s) (prion protein) of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. NOTE 3 If it is considered that prion protein might be present, particular care is needed in the choice of cleaning agents and disinfectants to ensure that the chemicals used do not react with the prion protein and/or other protein in a manner that can inhibit its removal or inactivation from the load or washer-disinfector. NOTE 4 This document can be used by prospective purchasers and manufacturers as the basis of agreement on the specification of the WD, manufacturers of endoscopes, cleaning products, and disinfecting products.

1.1 Inclusions 1.1.1 This document specifies requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a low temperature steam and formaldehyde (LTSF) sterilization process for medical devices using a mixture of low temperature steam and formaldehyde as sterilizing agent and which operates below ambient pressure. NOTE Although the scope of this document is limited to medical devices, it specifies requirements and provides guidance that can be applicable to other products and equipment. 1.1.2 This document is intended to be applied by process developers, manufacturers of sterilization equipment, manufacturers of medical devices to be sterilized and the organizations with responsibility for sterilizing medical devices (see ISO 14937:2009, Table E.1). 1.2 Exclusions 1.2.1 This document does not specify requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a process for inactivating the causative agents of spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Specific recommendations have been produced in particular countries for the processing of materials potentially contaminated with these agents. NOTE See ISO 22442‑1, ISO 22442‑2 and ISO 22442‑3. 1.2.2 This document does not specify requirements for designating a medical device as "STERILE". Such requirements are given in EN 556‑1. 1.2.3 This document does not specify a quality management system for the control of all stages of production of medical devices. NOTE It is not a requirement of this document to have a complete quality management system during manufacture or reprocessing, but those elements of such a system that are required are normatively referenced at appropriate places in the text. Attention is drawn to the standards for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) that control all stages of production or reprocessing of medical devices including the sterilization process. Further guidance is given in E.4 of ISO 14937:2009. 1.2.4 This document does not specify requirements for occupational safety associated with the design and operation of LTSF sterilization facilities. NOTE 1 Safety requirements for sterilizers are specified in IEC 61010‑2‑040. NOTE 2 Attention is also drawn to the existence in some countries of regulations stipulating safety requirements. 1.2.5 This document does not cover analytical methods for determining levels or residues of formaldehyde and/or its reaction products. NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to EN 14180. NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the possible existence in some countries of statutory regulations specifying limits for the level of formaldehyde residues on medical devices and products. 1.2.6 This document does not cover preparatory measures that might be necessary before sterilization such as cleaning, disinfection and packing. NOTE For reprocessable medical devices, the manufacturer(s) of these devices can supply information on the preparatory measures (see ISO 17664).

This document specifies the requirements for test equipment to be used to: — test biological indicators for steam, ethylene oxide gas and dry heat sterilization processes for conformity to the requirements given in ISO 11138 series; — test chemical indicators for steam, ethylene oxide gas, dry heat and vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization processes for conformity to the requirements given in ISO 11140‑1:2014. This document also provides informative methods useful in characterizing the performance of biological and chemical indicators for intended use and for routine quality control testing. This document does not specify requirements for test equipment for processes specifically for testing chemical and biological indicators intended to monitor isolator and room biodecontamination processes at atmospheric pressure. ISO 11138‑2:2017, ISO 11138‑3:2017, ISO 11138‑4:2017 and ISO 11140‑1:2014 require the use of resistometers specified in this document, and these resistometers are used in conjunction with the test methods specified in the appropriate parts of ISO 11138 series and ISO 11140 series. Resistometers for low temperature steam and formaldehyde indicators are not included in this document. Test methods using laboratory apparatus for low temperature steam and formaldehyde are included in ISO 11138‑5:2017. Test equipment for testing Type 2 (e.g. Bowie Dick) chemical indicators are specified in ISO 11140‑3:2007, ISO 11140‑4:2007, and ISO 11140‑5:2007.

This document defines terms in the field of the sterilization of health care products including related equipment and processes.

ISO 11737-1:2018 specifies requirements and provides guidance on the enumeration and microbial characterization of the population of viable microorganisms on or in a health care product, component, raw material or package. NOTE 1 The nature and extent of microbial characterization is dependent on the intended use of bioburden data. NOTE 2 See Annex A for guidance on Clauses 1 to 9. ISO 11737-1:2018 does not apply to the enumeration or identification of viral, prion or protozoan contaminants. This includes the removal and detection of the causative agents of spongiform encephalopathies, such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. NOTE 3 Guidance on inactivating viruses and prions can be found in ISO 22442‑3, ICH Q5A(R1) and ISO 13022. ISO 11737-1:2018 does not apply to the microbiological monitoring of the environment in which health care products are manufactured.

ISO 13408-2:2018 specifies requirements for sterilizing filtration as part of aseptic processing of health care products conducted in accordance with ISO 13408‑1. It also offers guidance to filter users concerning general requirements for set-up, validation and routine operation of a sterilizing filtration process. ISO 13408-2:2018 is not applicable to removal of viruses. Sterilizing filtration is not applicable to fluids that intentionally contain particles larger than the pore size of the filter (e.g. bacterial whole-cell vaccines). ISO 13408-2:2018 is not applicable to high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. ISO 13408-2:2018 does not specify requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a process for removing the causative agents of spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Specific recommendations have been produced in particular countries for the processing of materials potentially contaminated with these agents.

ISO/TS 19930:2017 provides guidance on identifying the aspects to be considered as part of a risk-based approach to selecting a sterility assurance level (SAL) for terminally sterilized, single-use health care product that is unable to withstand processing to achieve maximally a SAL of 10−6. In addition, this document provides a) background information on the assurance of sterility and sterility assurance level, and b) guidance on strategies that can allow the achievement of a maximal SAL of 10−6. ISO/TS 19930:2017 describes the elements of a quality management system which are applied to enable the appropriate selection of a SAL for terminally sterilized, single-use health care product that is unable to withstand processing to achieve maximally a SAL of 10−6. NOTE It is not a requirement of the International Standards for development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process to have a full quality management system. Attention is drawn to the standard for quality management systems (see ISO 13485) that controls all stages of the lifecycle of health care product. ISO/TS 19930:2017 is applicable to sterilization processes in which microorganisms are inactivated by physical and/or chemical means. ISO/TS 19930:2017 does not apply - to selecting a maximal SAL greater than 10−6 for health care product that is able to withstand processing to achieve maximally a SAL of 10−6; - in cases where a maximal SAL of 10−6 is required and an alternative SAL is not allowed; - in cases where a maximal SAL of greater than 10−6 (e.g. 10−3) has been accepted by regulatory authorities within their jurisdiction for health care product for defined use; - to the sterilization of used or reprocessed health care product; - to sterilization of health care product by filtration. ISO/TS 19930:2017 does not describe detailed procedures for assessing microbial inactivation. ISO/TS 19930:2017 does not specify requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a process for inactivating the causative agents of spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Specific recommendations have been produced in particular countries for the processing of materials potentially contaminated with these agents. NOTE See also ISO 22442‑1, ISO 22442‑2 and ISO 22442‑3. ISO/TS 19930:2017 does not supersede or modify published International Standards for particular sterilization processes. ISO/TS 19930:2017 neither recommends a SAL for a given health care product nor identifies a maximal SAL for a health care product to be labelled "sterile". NOTE These are matters for regulatory authorities and can vary from country to country.

ISO 11137-3:2017 gives guidance on meeting the requirements in ISO 11137-1 and ISO 11137-2 and in ISO/TS 13004 relating to dosimetry and its use in development, validation and routine control of a radiation sterilization process.

ISO 11138-4:2017 specifies requirements for test organisms, suspensions, inoculated carriers, biological indicators and test methods intended for use in assessing the performance of sterilization processes employing dry heat as the sterilizing agent at sterilizing temperatures within the range of 120 °C to 180 °C. NOTE 1 Requirements for validation and control of dry heat sterilization processes are provided by ISO 20857. NOTE 2 Requirements for work place safety can be provided by national or regional regulations.

 ISO 11138-1:2017 specifies general requirements for production, labelling, test methods and performance characteristics of biological indicators, including inoculated carriers and suspensions, and their components, to be used in the validation and routine monitoring of sterilization processes. ISO 11138-1:2017 specifies basic and common requirements that are applicable to all parts of ISO 11138. Requirements for biological indicators for particular specified processes are provided in the relevant parts of ISO 11138. If no specific subsequent part is provided, this document applies. NOTE National or regional regulations can apply. ISO 11138-1:2017 does not apply to microbiological test systems for processes that rely on physical removal of microorganisms, e.g. filtration processes or processes that combine physical and/or mechanical removal with microbiological inactivation, such as use of washer disinfectors or flushing and steaming of pipelines. This document, however, can contain elements relevant to such microbiological test systems.

ISO 11138-5:2017 specifies requirements for test organisms, suspensions, inoculated carriers, biological indicators and test methods intended for use in assessing the performance of sterilization processes employing low-temperature steam and formaldehyde as the sterilizing agent. NOTE 1 Requirements for validation and control of low-temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization processes are provided by ISO 14937. NOTE 2 Requirements for work place safety can be provided by national or regional regulations.

ISO 11138-2:2017 specifies requirements for test organisms, suspensions, inoculated carriers, biological indicators and test methods intended for use in assessing the performance of sterilizers and sterilization processes employing ethylene oxide gas as the sterilizing agent, either as pure ethylene oxide gas or mixtures of this gas with diluent gases, at sterilizing temperatures within the range of 29 °C to 65 °C. NOTE 1 Requirements for validation and control of ethylene oxide sterilization processes are provided by ISO 11135 and ISO 14937. NOTE 2 National or regional regulations can provide requirements for work place safety.

ISO 11138-3:2017 specifies requirements for test organisms, suspensions, inoculated carriers, biological indicators and test methods intended for use in assessing the performance of sterilization processes employing moist heat as the sterilizing agent. NOTE 1 Requirements for validation and control of moist heat sterilization processes are provided by the ISO 17665 series. NOTE 2 National or regional regulations can provide requirements for work place safety.

ISO 15883-7:2016 specifies the particular requirements for washer-disinfectors (WD) intended to be used for the cleaning and chemical disinfection, in a single operating cycle, of reusable items such as the following: a) bedframes; b) bedside tables; c) transport carts; d) containers; e) surgical tables; f) sterilization containers; g) surgical clogs; h) wheelchairs, aids for the disabled. ISO 15883-7:2016 also specifies the performance requirements for the cleaning and disinfection of the washer-disinfector and its components and accessories which may be necessary in order to achieve the required performance. Devices identified within the scopes of ISO 15883‑2, ISO 15883‑3, ISO I5883-4, and ISO 15883‑6 do not fall within the scope of this part of ISO 15883. In addition, the methods are specified, as well as instrumentation and instructions required for type testing, works testing, validation (installation, operation, and performance qualification on first installation), routine control, and monitoring, as well as requalifications required to be carried out periodically and after essential repairs. NOTE WDs corresponding to this part of ISO 15883 can also be used for cleaning and chemical disinfection of other thermolabile and reusable devices as recommended by the device manufacturer. The performance requirements specified in this part of ISO 15883 may not ensure the inactivation or removal of the causative agent(s) (prion proteins) of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.

ISO 18362:2016 specifies the minimum requirements for, and provides guidance on, a risk-based approach for the processing of cell-based health care products (CBHPs) requiring control of viable and non-viable microbial contamination. It is applicable both to CBHPs labelled 'sterile' and to CBHPs not labelled 'sterile'. ISO 18362:2016 is not applicable to: - procurement and transport of cell-based starting material used in processing of a CBHP, - cell banking, - control of genetic material, - control of non-microbial product contamination, - in vitro diagnostics (IVDs), or - natural medicines. EXAMPLE Vitamins and minerals, herbal remedies, homoeopathic medicines, traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines, probiotics, other products such as amino acids and essential fatty acids. ISO 18362:2016 does not define biosafety containment requirements. ISO 18362:2016 does not replace national or regional regulations that apply to the manufacture and quality control of a CBHP.

ISO 11140-1:2014 specifies general requirements and test methods for indicators that show exposure to sterilization processes by means of physical and/or chemical change of substances, and which are used to monitor the attainment of one or more of the process parameter(s) specified for a sterilization process. They are not dependent for their action on the presence or absence of a living organism.

ISO 11135:2014 specifies requirements for the development, validation and routine control of an ethylene oxide sterilization process for medical devices in both the industrial and health care facility settings, and it acknowledges the similarities and differences between the two applications.

ISO 11137-2:2013 specifies methods for determining the minimum dose needed to achieve a specified requirement for sterility and methods to substantiate the use of 25 kGy or 15 kGy as the sterilization dose to achieve a sterility assurance level, SAL, of 10−6. ISO 11137-2:2013 also specifies methods of sterilization dose audit used to demonstrate the continued effectiveness of the sterilization dose. ISO 11137-2:2013 defines product families for sterilization dose establishment and sterilization dose audit.

ISO/TS 13004:2013 describes a method for substantiating a selected sterilization dose of 17,5, 20, 22,5, 27,5, 30, 32,5 or 35 kGy that achieves a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 10−6 or less for radiation sterilization of health care products. ISO/TS 13004:2013 also specifies a method of sterilization dose audit used to demonstrate the continued effectiveness of the substantiated sterilization dose.

ISO/TS 17665-3:2013 provides guidance about the attributes of a medical device to be considered by the user when assigning a medical device to a product family for the purpose of identifying and aligning it to a processing category for a specific moist heat sterilization process.

ISO 13408-7:2012 specifies requirements and provides guidance on alternative approaches to process simulations for the qualification of the aseptic processing of medical devices and combination products that cannot be terminally sterilized and where the process simulation approach according to ISO 13408-1 cannot be applied. ISO 13408-7:2012 describes how risk assessment can be used during the development of an aseptic process to design a process simulation study for medical devices and combination products in those cases where a straightforward substitution of media for product during aseptic processing is not feasible or would not simulate the actual aseptic process.

ISO 15883-6:2011 specifies particular requirements for washer-disinfectors (WDs) intended for use when the level of assurance of disinfection that is necessary can be achieved by cleaning and thermal disinfection (A0 not less than 60) and does not require an independent automated record of critical processes to be kept. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 15883-1, which gives general requirements for WDs. The range of products on which WDs of this particular type can be used is restricted to devices and equipment which are non-invasive and non-critical (i.e. not penetrating skin or contacting mucosal surfaces).

ISO 20857:2010 specifies requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a dry heat sterilization process for medical devices. Although ISO 20857:2010 primarily addresses dry heat sterilization, it also specifies requirements and provides guidance in relation to depyrogenation processes using dry heat.

ISO 14937:2009 specifies general requirements for the characterization of a sterilizing agent and for the development, validation and routine monitoring and control of a sterilization process for medical devices. It applies to sterilization processes in which microorganisms are inactivated by physical and/or chemical means and is intended to be applied by process developers, manufacturers of sterilization equipment, manufacturers of medical devices to be sterilized, and organizations responsible for sterilizing medical devices. ISO 14937:2009 specifies the elements of a Quality Management System which are necessary to assure the appropriate characterization of the sterilizing agent, development, validation and routine monitoring and control of a sterilization process.

ISO/TS 17665-2:2009 provides general guidance on the development, validation and routine control of moist heat sterilization processes and is intended to explain the requirements set forth in ISO 17665-1. The guidance given in this Technical Specification is provided to promote good practice related to moist heat sterilization processes and to assist those developing and validating a moist heat sterilization process according to ISO 17665-1.

ISO 15882:2008 provides guidance for the selection, use and interpretation of results of chemical indicators used in process definition, validation and routine monitoring and overall control of sterilization processes. ISO 15882:2008 applies to indicators that show exposure to sterilization processes by means of physical and/or chemical change of substances, and which are used to monitor one or more of the variables required for a sterilization process. These chemical indicators are not dependent for their action on the presence or absence of a living organism.

ISO 13408-1:2008 specifies the general requirements for, and offers guidance on, processes, programmes and procedures for development, validation and routine control of the manufacturing process for aseptically-processed health care products. ISO 13408-1:2008 includes requirements and guidance relative to the overall topic of aseptic processing. Specific requirements and guidance on various specialized processes and methods related to filtration, lyophilization, clean-in place (CIP) technologies, sterilization in place (SIP) and isolator systems are given in other parts of ISO 13408.