ISO/FDIS 6284

Technical product documentation — Construction documentation — Indication of limit deviations

Documentation technique de produits — Documentation de construction — Indication des écarts limites

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 01.100.30 - Construction drawings
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 10/SC 8 - Construction documentation
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 10/SC 8 - Construction documentation
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 10-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 10-Mar-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 6284:1996 - Construction drawings — Indication of limit deviations
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

ISO/FDIS 6284:2022(E)
ISO/TC #10/SC 8/WG #
Secretariat: SIS
Date: 2022-12-052023-02-24
Technical product documentation — Construction documentation
— Indication of limit deviations
FDIS stage
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
© ISO 20222023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this

publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can

be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ v

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 General ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Generality .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

4.2 Application ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

4.3 Designations of deviation types ................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Indication of limit deviations ........................................................................................................................................ 3

5.1 As dimensions on construction drawings or figures within notes ................................................................ 3

5.2 As property items within data templates ................................................................................................................ 6

Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation,

Subcommittee SC 8, Construction documentation.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6284:1996), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — validation of normative references;
— — consideration of multiple categories of deviations;

— — definitions of indications of limit deviations using building information modelling (BIM).

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Introduction

Deviations are a common part of the built environment which are often left to operatives on site to

resolve. With the development of prefabrication, there is recognition that control of deviations is an

essential requirement to improve the quality of building and infrastructure works. It is important for

architectural designers, product manufacturers, and constructors to indicate limit deviations and work

to these, where they exist.

The previous edition, ISO 6284:1996, pointed out some basic principles and ways to indicate limit

deviations. This standard focussedIt focused on graphical presentations, generally drawings, as a method

for delivering construction and product information. Technically, limit deviations are about not only

geometric information but also the requirements, which shall be delivered objectively by parties to a

project.

The digitization of construction requires both graphical and alphanumeric information to be presented

in a formal way to achieve both human-readability and machine-readability.

Data templates are a formal representation method adopted widely to describe exchange information or

product specifications for machine-readability. ISO 23387, has been developed to support digital

processes using formats which are machine-interpretable, based upon standardized data structures, to

exchange information about any type of construction object.

This document focuses on how to provide indication methods for limit deviations that are both humanly

recognisablerecognizable, which is essential given that humans are ultimately the decision-makers, even

though more and more tasks are carried out with the assistance of computers. Therefore, this document

provides two ways to indicate limit deviations:
a) a) classical graphical or symbolic representations;
b) b) natural language property items for data templates.

The illustrations included in this document are intended to illustrate the text and/or to provide examples

of the related technical drawing specification. These illustrations are not fully dimensioned and

tolerancetoleranced, showing only the relevant general principles.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Technical product documentation — Construction documentation
— Indication of limit deviations
1 Scope

This document specifies methods for the indication of limit deviations on construction documents.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 286-1:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes

— Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits

ISO 6707-1:2020, Buildings and civil engineering works — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms

ISO ISO 9431, Construction drawings –— Spaces for drawing and for text, and title blocks on drawing sheets

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6707 286-1, and ISO 286 6707-

1 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
construction document
document which specifies construction information

Note 1 to entry: In this standard a A construction document can be a drawing, or a document used to convey or

record construction requirements.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 5127:2017, 3.1.1.38 for more information about the term “document”.

3.2
data template
schema providing a data structure used to describe the properties of objects

[SOURCE: ISO 23387:2020, 3.3, modified — The words “schema providing a” have been added; the word

“characteristics” has been replaced with “properties”; the word “construction” has been removed;

EXAMPLE 1 and 2, and Note 1 and 2 to entry have beenDefinition revised, examples and notes to entry

removed.]
3.3
limit deviation

upper limit deviation (3.4) or lower limit deviation (3.5) from target size (3.6(3.4))

Note 1 to entry: In this document, “target size” is used for applying deviations to comply with the conventions in the

built environment sector, while “nominal size” is commonly used in engineering fields.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.7.2.6 for more information about the term “deviation”.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5, modified — The words “nominal” has been replaced with “target”; Note

1 and 2Definition modified and notes to entry added.]
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
3.4
upper limit deviation
upper limit of size minus target size (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: Upper limit deviation is a signed value and may be negative, zero or positive.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5.1, modified — Symbols and figure removed, definition modified.]

3.5
lower limit deviation
lower limit of size minus target size (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: Lower limit deviation is a signed value and may be negative, zero or positive.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5.2, modified — Symbols removed and definition modified.]

3.6
target size

reference size used in design and in practice in order to indicate the size desired and to which the

deviations, which would ideally be zero, are to be related
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.7.2.12, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
4 General
4.1 Generality

4.1.1 A limit deviation shall be indicated on a construction document only when there is a functional

requirement to control position, dimension, orientation or form.

4.1.2 Target size shall be the only reference to limit deviation in construction documents.

NOTE The term “deviation” is defined in relation to “nominal size” in ISO 286-1. However, this term is relevant

to “desired value””, associated with the term “target size” in ISO 6707--1, which specifies vocabulariesa vocabulary

for the construction industry.
4.2 Application
Indication of limit deviations shall be applied using the following methods:
a) a) dimensions on construction drawings or figures within notes;
b) b) property items within data templates.
4.3 Designations of deviation types

An indication of limit deviations should clarify its type requirements with a designation, when applicable.

Designations of popular deviation types may follow Table 1Table 1 or the conventions of the

manufacturing industry.
Table 1 — Designations of popular deviation types
Deviation typestype DesignationsDesignation
Length deviation LD
Angular deviation AD
Profile deviation of a line PL
Straightness deviation of a line SL
Shape deviation of a surface SS
Flatness deviation of a surface FS
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Deviation typestype DesignationsDesignation
Skewness SK
Position deviation of a point PP
Position deviation of a line PL
Verticality deviation VD
Horizontality deviation HD

NOTE Deviation types listed in Table 1Table 1 are defined in ISO 6707-1:2020, and the sequence of the items

is asthe same as the onethat in ISO 6707-1.
5 Indication of limit deviations
5.1 As dimensions on construction drawings or figures within notes

5.1.1 A limit deviation shall be indicated numerically and be placed with, or adjacent to, the size

concerned in dimensions on construction drawings. A single reference within notes in the space for text

in accordance with ISO 9431 may applied in the case of repetitive deviations.

5.1.2 Limit deviations for size shall be indicated by the target size and the limit deviations. The target

size and the values of limit deviations shall be given in millimetres or metres (see Figures 1Figures 1 and

22).).

5.1.3 Limit deviation information which is shown on construction drawings should be given in

accordance with the example shown in Figure 1Figure 1..

a) a) forFor asymmetrical limit deviations, information shall be specified by indicating the upper

deviation above the lower deviation, see Figure 1Figure 1 a);).

b) b) ifIf one of the two limit deviations is zero, this shall be expressed explicitly by the digit zero

without a sign, see Figure 1Figure 1
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 6284
ISO/TC 10/SC 8
Technical product documentation —
Secretariat: SIS
Construction documentation —
Voting begins on:
2023-03-10 Indication of limit deviations
Voting terminates on:
2023-05-05
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 6284
ISO/TC 10/SC 8
Technical product documentation —
Secretariat: SIS
Construction documentation —
Voting begins on:
Indication of limit deviations
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Generality .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.2 Application ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

4.3 Designations of deviation types .............................................................................................................................................. 2

5 Indication of limit deviations .................................................................................................................................................................3

5.1 As dimensions on construction drawings or figures within notes ......................................................... 3

5.2 As property items within data templates ...................................................................................................................... 5

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation,

Subcommittee SC 8, Construction documentation.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6284:1996), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— validation of normative references;
— consideration of multiple categories of deviations;

— definitions of indications of limit deviations using building information modelling (BIM).

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Introduction

Deviations are a common part of the built environment which are often left to operatives on site to

resolve. With the development of prefabrication, there is recognition that control of deviations is an

essential requirement to improve the quality of building and infrastructure works. It is important for

architectural designers, product manufacturers and constructors to indicate limit deviations and work

to these, where they exist.

The previous edition, ISO 6284:1996, pointed out some basic principles and ways to indicate limit

deviations. It focused on graphical presentations, generally drawings, as a method for delivering

construction and product information. Technically, limit deviations are about not only geometric

information but also the requirements, which shall be delivered objectively by parties to a project.

The digitization of construction requires both graphical and alphanumeric information to be presented

in a formal way to achieve both human-readability and machine-readability.

Data templates are a formal representation method adopted widely to describe exchange information

or product specifications for machine-readability. ISO 23387 has been developed to support digital

processes using formats which are machine­interpretable, based upon standardized data structures, to

exchange information about any type of construction object.

This document focuses on how to provide indication methods for limit deviations that are humanly

recognizable, which is essential given that humans are ultimately the decision-makers, even though

more and more tasks are carried out with the assistance of computers. Therefore, this document

provides two ways to indicate limit deviations:
a) classical graphical or symbolic representations;
b) natural language property items for data templates.

The illustrations included in this document are intended to illustrate the text and/or to provide

examples of the related technical drawing specification. These illustrations are not fully dimensioned

and toleranced, showing only the relevant general principles.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
Technical product documentation — Construction
documentation — Indication of limit deviations
1 Scope

This document specifies methods for the indication of limit deviations on construction documents.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 286­1:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes

— Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits

ISO 6707­1:2020, Buildings and civil engineering works — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms

ISO 9431, Construction drawings — Spaces for drawing and for text, and title blocks on drawing sheets

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 286-1 and ISO 6707-1 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
construction document
document which specifies construction information

Note 1 to entry: A construction document can be a drawing or a document used to convey or record construction

requirements.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 5127:2017, 3.1.1.38 for more information about the term “document”.

3.2
data template
schema providing a data structure used to describe the properties of objects

[SOURCE: ISO 23387:2020, 3.3, modified — Definition revised, examples and notes to entry removed.]

3.3
limit deviation

upper limit deviation (3.4) or lower limit deviation (3.5) from target size (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: In this document, “target size” is used for applying deviations to comply with the conventions in

the built environment sector, while “nominal size” is commonly used in engineering fields.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.7.2.6 for more information about the term “deviation”.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5, modified — Definition modified and notes to entry added.]

© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
3.4
upper limit deviation
upper limit of size minus target size (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: Upper limit deviation is a signed value and may be negative, zero or positive.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5.1, modified — Symbols and figure removed, definition modified.]

3.5
lower limit deviation
lower limit of size minus target size (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: Lower limit deviation is a signed value and may be negative, zero or positive.

[SOURCE: ISO 286-1:2010, 3.2.5.2, modified — Symbols removed and definition modified.]

3.6
target size

reference size used in design and in practice in order to indicate the size desired and to which the

deviations, which would ideally be zero, are to be related
[SOURCE: ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.7.2.12, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
4 General
4.1 Generality

4.1.1 A limit deviation shall be indicated on a construction document only when there is a functional

requirement to control position, dimension, orientation or form.

4.1.2 Target size shall be the only reference to limit deviation in construction documents.

NOTE The term “deviation” is defined in relation to “nominal size” in ISO 286-1. However, this term is

relevant to “desired value”, associated with the term “target size” in ISO 6707-1, which specifies a vocabulary for

the construction industry.
4.2 Application
Indication of limit deviations shall be applied using the following methods:
a) dimensions on construction drawings or figures within notes;
b) property items within data templates.
4.3 Designations of deviation types

An indication of limit deviations should clarify its type requirements with a designation, when

applicable. Designations of popular deviation types may follow Table 1 or the conventions of the

manufacturing industry.
Table 1 — Designations of popular deviation types
Deviation type Designation
Length deviation LD
Angular deviation AD
Profile deviation of a line PL
Straightness deviation of a line SL
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 6284:2023(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Deviation type Designation
Shape deviation of a
...