ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010

Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding

ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 specifies advanced video coding for the coding of audio-visual objects. ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 was developed in response to a growing need for higher compression of moving pictures for various applications such as digital storage media, television broadcasting, Internet streaming, and real-time audiovisual communication. ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 specifies a coded video representation syntax and an associated decoding process that are suitable for use in a wide variety of applications and network environments. ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 includes the specification of advanced video coding (AVC) and associated extensions to enable scalable video coding (SVC) and multiview video coding (MVC).

Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels — Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Dec-2010
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 26-Apr-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2012 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding
• Effective Date: 11-Feb-2012
• Revises: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2009 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding
• Effective Date: 24-Apr-2010
• Revises: ISO/IEC 14496-10:2009/FDAM 1 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 10: Advanced Video Coding — Amendment 1: Constrained baseline profile, stereo high profile and frame packing arrangement SEI message
• Effective Date: 24-Apr-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-10
Sixth edition
2010-12-15


Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects
Part 10:
Advanced Video Coding
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels
Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé




Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2010

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO/IEC 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland


ii © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
Contents Page
0 Introduction.xvi
0.1 Prologue . xvi
0.2 Purpose. xvi
0.3 Applications . xvi
0.4 Publication and versions of this Specification. xvi
0.5 Profiles and levels .xvii
0.6 Overview of the design characteristics.xviii
0.6.1 Predictive coding.xviii
0.6.2 Coding of progressive and interlaced video . xix
0.6.3 Picture partitioning into macroblocks and smaller partitions .xix
0.6.4 Spatial redundancy reduction . xix
0.7 How to read this Specification . xix
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references .1
3 Definitions .1
4 Abbreviations .9
5 Conventions .10
5.1 Arithmetic operators. 10
5.2 Logical operators. 11
5.3 Relational operators. 11
5.4 Bit-wise operators . 11
5.5 Assignment operators. 11
5.6 Range notation. 12
5.7 Mathematical functions . 12
5.8 Order of operation precedence . 13
5.9 Variables, syntax elements, and tables . 14
5.10 Text description of logical operations . 14
5.11 Processes . 15
6 Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships.16
6.1 Bitstream formats . 16
6.2 Source, decoded, and output picture formats . 16
6.3 Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices. 21
6.4 Inverse scanning processes and derivation processes for neighbours . 22
6.4.1 Inverse macroblock scanning process . 22
6.4.2 Inverse macroblock partition and sub-macroblock partition scanning process . 23
6.4.3 Inverse 4x4 luma block scanning process . 25
6.4.4 Inverse 4x4 Cb or Cr block scanning process for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 . 25
6.4.5 Inverse 8x8 luma block scanning process . 25
6.4.6 Inverse 8x8 Cb or Cr block scanning process for ChromaArrayType equal to 3 . 26
6.4.7 Derivation process of the availability for macroblock addresses . 26
6.4.8 Derivation process for neighbouring macroblock addresses and their availability . 26
6.4.9 Derivation process for neighbouring macroblock addresses and their availability in MBAFF frames . 27
6.4.10 Derivation processes for neighbouring macroblocks, blocks, and partitions . 28
6.4.11 Derivation process for neighbouring locations. 33
6.4.12 Derivation processes for block and partition indices. 36
7 Syntax and semantics.37
7.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . 37
7.2 Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors . 38
7.3 Syntax in tabular form. 40
7.3.1 NAL unit syntax . 40
7.3.2 Raw byte sequence payloads and RBSP trailing bits syntax . 40
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
7.3.3 Slice header syntax .49
7.3.4 Slice data syntax .54
7.3.5 Macroblock layer syntax.55
7.4 Semantics.62
7.4.1 NAL unit semantics .62
7.4.2 Raw byte sequence payloads and RBSP trailing bits semantics .71
7.4.3 Slice header semantics .85
7.4.4 Slice data semantics .97
7.4.5 Macroblock layer semantics.97
8 Decoding process. 110
8.1 NAL unit decoding process .111
8.2 Slice decoding process.112
8.2.1 Decoding process for picture order count .112
8.2.2 Decoding process for macroblock to slice group map .116
8.2.3 Decoding process for slice data partitions .120
8.2.4 Decoding process for reference picture lists construction.120
8.2.5 Decoded reference picture marking process .127
8.3 Intra prediction process.132
8.3.1 Intra_4x4 prediction process for luma samples.132
8.3.2 Intra_8x8 prediction process for luma samples.139
8.3.3 Intra_16x16 prediction process for luma samples.147
8.3.4 Intra prediction process for chroma samples.149
8.3.5 Sample construction process for I_PCM macroblocks .154
8.4 Inter prediction process.154
8.4.1 Derivation process for motion vector components and reference indices.157
8.4.2 Decoding process for Inter prediction samples .169
8.4.3 Derivation process for prediction weights .179
8.5 Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process.181
8.5.1 Specification of transform decoding process for 4x4 luma residual blocks.182
8.5.2 Specification of transform decoding process for luma samples of Intra_16x16 macroblock prediction
mode .182
8.5.3 Specification of transform decoding process for 8x8 luma residual blocks.183
8.5.4 Specification of transform decoding process for chroma samples.184
8.5.5 Specification of transform decoding process for chroma samples with ChromaArrayType equal to 3 .186
8.5.6 Inverse scanning process for 4x4 transform coefficients and scaling lists.186
8.5.7 Inverse scanning process for 8x8 transform coefficients and scaling lists.187
8.5.8 Derivation process for chroma quantisation parameters .189
8.5.9 Derivation process for scaling functions.189
8.5.10 Scaling and transformation process for DC transform coefficients for Intra_16x16 macroblock type.191
8.5.11 Scaling and transformation process for chroma DC transform coefficients .191
8.5.12 Scaling and transformation process for residual 4x4 blocks.193
8.5.13 Scaling and transformation process for residual 8x8 blocks.196
8.5.14 Picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process.200
8.5.15 Intra residual transform-bypass decoding process .201
8.6 Decoding process for P macroblocks in SP slices or SI macroblocks .202
8.6.1 SP decoding process for non-switching pictures.202
8.6.2 SP and SI slice decoding process for switching pictures .205
8.7 Deblocking filter process .207
8.7.1 Filtering process for block edges .211
8.7.2 Filtering process for a set of samples across a horizontal or vertical block edge.213
9 Parsing process . 219
9.1 Parsing process for Exp-Golomb codes .219
9.1.1 Mapping process for signed Exp-Golomb codes .221
9.1.2 Mapping process for coded block pattern .221
9.2 CAVLC parsing process for transform coefficient levels.224
9.2.1 Parsing process for total number of transform coefficient levels and trailing ones .225
9.2.2 Parsing process for level information .229
9.2.3 Parsing process for run information.230
9.2.4 Combining level and run information.234
iv © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
9.3 CABAC parsing process for slice data. 234
9.3.1 Initialisation process. 236
9.3.2 Binarization process . 260
9.3.3 Decoding process flow . 269
9.3.4 Arithmetic encoding process (informative). 291
Annex A Profiles and levels.299
A.1 Requirements on video decoder capability. 299
A.2 Profiles . 299
A.2.1 Baseline profile. 299
A.2.2 Main profile. 300
A.2.3 Extended profile . 300
A.2.4 High profile . 301
A.2.5 High 10 profile . 301
A.2.6 High 4:2:2 profile . 302
A.2.7 High 4:4:4 Predictive profile . 302
A.2.8 High 10 Intra profile. 303
A.2.9 High 4:2:2 Intra profile. 303
A.2.10 High 4:4:4 Intra profile. 304
A.2.11 CAVLC 4:4:4 Intra profile . 304
A.3 Levels . 305
A.3.1 Level limits common to the Baseline, Constrained Baseline, Main, and Extended profiles . 305
A.3.2 Level limits common to the High, High 10, High 4:2:2, High 4:4:4 Predictive, High 10 Intra,
High 4:2:2 Intra, High 4:4:4 Intra, and CAVLC 4:4:4 Intra profiles. 307
A.3.3 Profile-specific level limits. 309
A.3.4 Effect of level limits on frame rate (informative). 314
A.3.5 Effect of level limits on maximum DPB size in units of frames (informative) . 317
Annex B Byte stream format.319
B.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax and semantics. 319
B.1.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax . 319
B.1.2 Byte stream NAL unit semantics. 319
B.2 Byte stream NAL unit decoding process. 320
B.3 Decoder byte-alignment recovery (informative) . 320
Annex C Hypothetical reference decoder .322
C.1 Operation of coded picture buffer (CPB) . 326
C.1.1 Timing of bitstream arrival. 326
C.1.2 Timing of coded picture removal . 327
C.2 Operation of the decoded picture buffer (DPB) . 328
C.2.1 Decoding of gaps in frame_num and storage of "non-existing" frames . 328
C.2.2 Picture decoding and output . 329
C.2.3 Removal of pictures from the DPB before possible insertion of the current picture. 329
C.2.4 Current decoded picture marking and storage . 330
C.3 Bitstream conformance. 331
C.4 Decoder conformance. 332
C.4.1 Operation of the output order DPB. 333
C.4.2 Decoding of gaps in frame_num and storage of "non-existing" pictures . 333
C.4.3 Picture decoding. 334
C.4.4 Removal of pictures from the DPB before possible insertion of the current picture. 334
C.4.5 Current decoded picture marking and storage . 335
Annex D Supplemental enhancement information .338
D.1 SEI payload syntax. 339
D.1.1 Buffering period SEI message syntax . 341
D.1.2 Picture timing SEI message syntax . 342
D.1.3 Pan-scan rectangle SEI message syntax . 343
D.1.4 Filler payload SEI message syntax. 343
D.1.5 User data registered by ITU-T Rec. T.35 SEI message syntax . 343
D.1.6 User data unregistered SEI message syntax . 344
D.1.7 Recovery point SEI message syntax. 344
D.1.8 Decoded reference picture marking repetition SEI message syntax. 344
D.1.9 Spare picture SEI message syntax . 345
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
D.1.10 Scene information SEI message syntax .345
D.1.11 Sub-sequence information SEI message syntax.346
D.1.12 Sub-sequence layer characteristics SEI message syntax.346
D.1.13 Sub-sequence characteristics SEI message syntax.347
D.1.14 Full-frame freeze SEI message syntax.347
D.1.15 Full-frame freeze release SEI message syntax.347
D.1.16 Full-frame snapshot SEI message syntax.347
D.1.17 Progressive refinement segment start SEI message syntax.348
D.1.18 Progressive refinement segment end SEI message syntax.348
D.1.19 Motion-constrained slice group set SEI message syntax .348
D.1.20 Film grain characteristics SEI message syntax .349
D.1.21 Deblocking filter display preference SEI message syntax .349
D.1.22 Stereo video information SEI message syntax.350
D.1.23 Post-filter hint SEI message syntax.350
D.1.24 Tone mapping inf
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-10
Sixth edition
2010-12-15

Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 10:
Advanced Video Coding
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 10: Codage visuel avancé




Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2010

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010(E)

PDF disclaimer
PDF files may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, such files may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading a PDF file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create the PDF file(s) constituting this document can be found in the General Info relative to
the file(s); the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the files are suitable for
use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to them is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the
address given below.

This CD-ROM contains the publication ISO/IEC 14496-10:2010 in portable document format (PDF), which
can be viewed using Adobe® Acrobat® Reader.

Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO/IEC 2010
All rights reserved. Unless required for installation or otherwise specified, no part of this CD-ROM may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this product
should be addressed to
ISO copyright office • Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 • Switzerland
Internet copyrig
...