ISO/TS 16551:2025
(Main)Health informatics — Reference model for virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulation
Health informatics — Reference model for virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulation
This document specifies a reference model for virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulation. This model includes components, relations, data element and types, and roles of the users.
Titre manque
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Specification
ISO/TS 16551
First edition
Health informatics — Reference
2025-05
model for virtual reality (VR)-based
clinical practice simulation
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Reference model for VR-based clinical practice simulation . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Simulation practice model .5
4.2.1 Goal .5
4.2.2 Scenario .5
4.2.3 Task .6
4.2.4 Activity .6
4.3 Simulation data model .7
4.3.1 Information on subject of care .7
4.3.2 Health summary record . . .7
4.3.3 VR-related data .7
4.3.4 Role .8
5 Components and data types for reference model . 8
5.1 Components and data types for the simulation practice model .8
5.1.1 General .8
5.1.2 Goal data type .9
5.1.3 Scenario data type .9
5.1.4 Task data type . .9
5.1.5 Activity data type .9
5.2 Components and data types for the simulation data model .9
5.2.1 General .9
5.2.2 Information on subject of care data type .10
5.2.3 Health summary record data type .11
5.2.4 VR-related data type .11
5.2.5 Role data type .11
Bibliography .12
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.
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iv
Introduction
Various virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulations have been developed and used around
the world and the market for these simulations has been steadily growing. A VR-based clinical practice
simulation provides more realistic, life-like clinical training compared to other training methods such as
books, models and images. Moreover, it is possible to create virtual patients customized for various scenarios
while ensuring that patient safety and privacy are protected.
However, there are few standards available in the market for VR-based clinical simulation, which results in
inefficiencies in developing virtual simulation.
A structured standard model for clinical practice simulator creates openness and interoperability, and it can
save developers’ time and resources.
v
Technical Specification ISO/TS 16551:2025(en)
Health informatics — Reference model for virtual reality
(VR)-based clinical practice simulation
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference model for virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulation.
This model includes components, relations, data element and types, and roles of the users.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
reference model
model that describes the general principles of interconnections in a system and the architecture (3.5)
resulting from those principles
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14543-2-1:2006, 3.2.28, modified — “network architecture” was changed to
“architecture”.]
3.2
virtual reality
VR
set of artificial conditions created by computer and dedicated electronic devices that simulate visual images
and possibly other sensory information of a user’s surrounding with which the user is allowed to interact
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 5927:2024, 3.1.11]
3.3
physician
health professional who has successfully completed the prescribed course of studies in medicine in a
recognised medical school and who has met the qualifications for licensure in the practice of medicine set by
the state or country in which they are practicing
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 12773-1:2009, 2.36]
3.4
nurse
specially trained individual who provides autonomous, collaborative and holistic healthcare for the subject
of care (3.11), carers and significant others in response to their health, behavioural, social and physical
situation at a point in time
Note 1 to entry: Nursing includes midwives and obstetric care and other specialist services provided in a nursing
context.
Note 2 to entry: Nurses provide support and comfort to subjects of care, carers and significant others in response to
health services received including treatment received.
[SOURCE: ISO 18104:2023, 3.1.13, modified — Note 1 to entry was removed.]
3.5
architecture
set of rules to define the structure of a system and the interrelationships between its parts
[SOURCE: ISO 23903:2021, 3.1]
3.6
interoperability
ability of two or more systems or components (3.7) to exchange information and to use the information that
has been exchanged
[SOURCE: ISO 27790:2009, 3.39]
3.7
component
collection of system resources that (a) forms a physical or logical part of the system, (b) has specified
functions and interfaces, and (c) is treated (e.g. by policies or specifications) as existing independently of
other parts of the system
[SOURCE: ISO 81001-1:2021, 3.3.5]
3.8
clinical procedure
practice of a health practitioner that involves a combination of special skills or abilities and can require
drugs, devices, or both
[SOURCE: Adapted from Reference [26]]
3.9
health record
data repository regarding the health and care of a subject of care (3.11)
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO 13940:2015, 3.9.7.
3.10
health summary record
health record (3.9) extract comprising a standardized collection of clinical and contextual information
(retrospective, concurrent, prospective) that provides a snapshot in time of a subject of care’s (3.11) health
information and healthcare
[SOURCE: ISO 27269:2021, 3.8.1.1, modified — The preferred term “patient summary” was removed; Note 1
to entry was removed.]
3.11
subject of care
person who uses, or is a potential user of, a health care service
Note 1 to entry: Subjects of care include individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, whether sick or
well, in any healthcare setting in accordance with their scope of practice,
...
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