ISO 9060:2018
(Main)Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation
Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation
This document establishes a classification and specification of instruments for the measurement of hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation integrated over the spectral range from approximately 0,3 μm to about 3 μm to 4 μm. Instruments for the measurement of hemispherical solar radiation and direct solar radiation are classified according to the results obtained from indoor or outdoor performance tests. This document does not specify the test procedures.
Énergie solaire — Spécification et classification des instruments de mesurage du rayonnement solaire hémisphérique et direct
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9060
Second edition
2018-11
Solar energy — Specification and
classification of instruments for
measuring hemispherical solar and
direct solar radiation
Énergie solaire — Spécification et classification des instruments de
mesurage du rayonnement solaire hémisphérique et direct
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Instruments to measure hemispherical solar radiation — Pyranometers .3
4.1 General physical design . 3
4.2 Types. 4
4.3 Classification . 4
4.3.1 General. 4
4.3.2 Pyranometer specifications . 5
4.3.3 Classification criteria . 7
4.3.4 Identification of classification . 8
5 Instruments to measure direct solar radiation—Pyrheliometers .8
5.1 General physical design . 8
5.2 Types. 9
5.2.1 Absolute pyrheliometer . 9
5.2.2 Compensation pyrheliometer . 9
5.2.3 Pyrheliometers without self-calibration capability . 9
5.3 Classification . 9
5.3.1 General. 9
5.3.2 Pyrheliometer specifications .10
5.3.3 Classification criteria .10
5.3.4 Identification of classification .11
6 Final remarks .12
Annex A (informative) Comments on the specifications given in Tables 1 to 2.14
Bibliography .18
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 180, Solar energy, Subcommittee SC 1,
Climate — Measurement and data.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9060:1990), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— in addition to thermopile radiometers, other technology options have been included such as
photoelectric sensors as long as they fulfil the requirements specified in this document;
— the spectral error is used to characterize the spectral responsivity;
— to further characterize the radiometers, the additional properties “spectrally flat” and “fast
response” can be added to the classification if the radiometers fulfil specific criteria;
— more intuitive names have been introduced for the classes: “A”, “B”, “C”.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards that specify methods and instruments for the measurement
of solar radiation in support to solar energy utilization.
Accurate solar radiation data are used in meteorology and are needed for developing solar energy
appliances, in particular for performance testing, solar radiation simulation and resource assessment.
The measurement of radiation is needed for determination of the conversion efficiencies of solar
appliances. The specification and classification of these instruments are needed in order to enable the
comparison of solar radiation data on a worldwide basis. In addition, this classification is intended
to assist end users/consumers and entities requiring and tendering radiometers with the choice
or comparison of instruments, to protect end users/consumers and to offer a level playing field for
manufacturers.
The specification and classification of solar radiometers specified in this document provides an accuracy
ranking and focuses on application specific requirements and qualities. However, solar radiometers are
used in a wide range of applications with often conflicting requirements. The best radiometer for one
application may be inadequate for a different application. In order to address this issue at least partly, a
sensor of a given class can be assigned the additional properties “fast response” and/or “spectrally flat”
to further characterize the radiometers.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9060:2018(E)
Solar energy — Specification and classification of
instruments for measuring hemispherical solar and direct
solar radiation
1 Scope
This document establishes a classification and specification of instruments for the measurement of
hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation integrated over the spectral range from approximately
0,3 μm to about 3 μm to 4 μm.
Instruments for the measurement of hemispherical solar radiation and direct solar radiation are
classified according to the results obtained from indoor or outdoor performance tests. This document
does not specify the test procedures.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
hemispherical solar radiation
solar radiation received by a plane surface from a solid angle of 2π sr
Note 1 to entry: Approximately 97 % to 99 % of the hemispherical solar radiation incident at the Earth’s surface
[1]
is contained within the wavelength range from 0,3 μm to 3 μm . Generally, hemispherical solar radiation is
composed of direct solar radiation and diffuse solar radiation (solar radiation scattered in the atmosphere) as
well as solar radiation reflected by the ground.
3.2
global horizontal irradiance
hemispherical solar radiation received by a horizontal plane surface
Note 1 to entry: The tilt angle and the azimuth of the receiver surface should be specified, e.g. horizontal.
3.3
direct solar radiation
radiation received from a small solid angle centred on the sun’s disc, on a given plane
Note 1 to entry: In general, direct solar radiation is measured by instruments with field-of-view angles of up to
6°. Therefore a part of the scattered radiation around the sun’s disc (circumsolar radiation or aureole) is also
included (see 5.1). Historic pyrheliometers of the Angström type (compensation pyrheliometer) have a larger
field of view of up to 15°. A more detailed definition of circumsolar radiation and related parameters can be
found in Reference [2].
Note 2 to entry: Approximately 97 % to 99 % of the direct solar radiation received at the ground is contained
[1]
within the wavelength range from 0 μm to 3 μm .
Note 3 to entry: The tilt angle of the receiver surface should be specified, e.g. horizontal or normal to the direct
solar radiation.
3.4
diffuse solar radiation
diffuse radiation
hemispherical solar radiation minus coplanar direct solar radiation
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of solar energy technology, diffuse radiation includes solar radiation scattered
in the atmosphere as well as solar radiation reflected by the ground, depending on the inclination of the receiver
surface.
Note 2 to entry: The tilt angle and the azimuth of the receiver surface should be specified, e.g. horizontal.
3.5
pyranometer
radiometer designed for measuring the irradiance on a plane receiver surface which results from the
radiant fluxes incident from the hemisphere above within the wavelength range from approximately
0,3 µm to about 3 µm to 4 µm
Note 1 to entry: The spectral range (50 % transmittance points) given is only nominal. Depending on the
radiometer design, the spectral limits of its responsivity can be different from the limits mentioned above.
3.6
pyrheliometer
radiometer designed for measuring the irradiance which results from the solar radiant flux from a well-
defined solid angle the axis of which is perpendicular to the plane receiver surface
Note 1 to entry: It follows from this definition that pyrheliometers are used to measur
...
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