ISO/TS 16843-6:2022

Health informatics — Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture — Part 6: Acupuncture effects

This document specifies the categorial structure within the field of acupuncture effects by defining a set of domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics, each consisting of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category.

Informatique de santé — Structures catégoriques pour la représentation de l'acupuncture — Partie 6: Effets de l'acupuncture

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Jun-2022
• ICS: 35.240.80 - IT applications in health care technology
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 215 - Health informatics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 215 - Health informatics
• Current Stage: 9020 - International Standard under periodical review
• Start Date: 15-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 15-Apr-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 16843-6
First edition
2022-06
Health informatics — Categorial
structures for representation of
acupuncture —
Part 6:
Acupuncture effects
Informatique de santé — Structures catégoriques pour la
représentation de l'acupuncture —
Partie 6: Effets de l'acupuncture
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 1
3.2 Characterizing categories . 2
4 Categorial structure . 5
4.1 Overview . 5
4.2 Semantic links . 7
4.2.1 Applied to . 7
4.2.2 Located in . 7
4.2.3 Part of . 7
4.2.4 Regulates . 7
4.2.5 Occurs in . 7
4.2.6 Has participant . 8
4.2.7 Binds . . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
Foreword
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics, in collaboration
with Technical Committee ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16843 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Acupuncture therapy is being widely practiced in many countries. Acupuncture therapy is used to
treat many diseases by regulating the physiological functions of the internal organs (zang-fu) and
body systems. Stimulating the acupoints with an acupuncture needle or with electro acupuncture can
directly or indirectly cause changes in organs, tissues, cells, molecules and other chemical substances,
then affects physiological or pathological functions in human body or experimental animals. The effects
of acupuncture can be measured by laboratory tests or clinical observations.
A large number of clinical research studies and animal experiments have been conducted to assess the
mechanism of acupuncture therapy. However, the descriptions of acupuncture effects in clinical reports
or experimental reports tend to be insufficient or inconsistent for interpretation of heterogeneity, thus
causing difficulties in synthesizing data for analysis. This arises from two reasons:
a) An appropriate categorial structure for the acupuncture effect has not been formulated;
b) Semantic associations between the concepts of the acupuncture effect need to be made more
explicit.
This document aims at solving these existing problems.
v
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-6:2022(E)
Health informatics — Categorial structures for
representation of acupuncture —
Part 6:
Acupuncture effects
1 Scope
This document specifies the categorial structure within the field of acupuncture effects by defining
a set of domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics, each consisting of a semantic link and an
applicable characterizing category.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 General
3.1.1
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics
Note 1 to entry: A concept can have one or more names. It can be represented using one or more terms, pictures,
icons or sounds.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16843-2:2015, 3.1]
3.1.2
categorial structure
minimal set of domain constraints for representing concept systems in a subject field
[SOURCE: ISO 17115:2020, 3.1.1, modified]
3.1.3
category
division of sets of entities regarded as having particular shared characteristics
EXAMPLE Oral route, subcutaneous route and all other routes share characteristics particular to the
category route.
Note 1 to entry: Categories can be more or less general. Where one category is subsumed by another, the ‘is a’
relation is asserted to obtain a hierarchy between the more specific or subsumed category and the more general
or subsuming category. For example, parenteral route is more general than intravenous route.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16843-2:2015, 3.3]
3.1.4
characterizing category
category (3.1.3) of characteristics which serves as the criterion of subdivision when establishing
concept systems
EXAMPLE The type of characteristics ‘colour’ includes being red, blue, green, etc. The type of characteristics
‘material’ includes made of wood, metal, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 17115:2020, 3.1.3, modified]
3.1.5
semantic link
formal representation of a directed associative relation or partitive relation between two concepts
EXAMPLE is Cause Of (with inverse has Cause); has Location (with inverse is Location Of).
Note 1 to entry: This includes all relations except the generic relation.
Note 2 to entry: A semantic link always has an inverse, i.e. another semantic link with the opposite direction.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16843-2:2015, 3.5]
3.2 Characterizing categories
3.2.1
acupuncture therapy
treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians at an acupuncture point
Note 1 to entry: The placement of the acupuncture needle varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes
used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.
EXAMPLE Electro-acupuncture, ear acupuncture, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS).
[SOURCE: MeSH Heading, modified]
3.2.2
needling method
use of a specially made needle to stimulate the acupoints or parts of the body to treat disease
EXAMPLE Piercing Method, Encircling needling.
[SOURCE: MeSH Heading, modified]
3.2.3
acupuncture point
anatomical zone to which a stimulus is applied with the intention to induce reaction(s) for diagnosis or
therapy
EXAMPLE GUANYUAN point, ZUSANLI point.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16843-1:2016, 3.7, modified]
3.2.4
anatomical structure
structure of organisms, including body regions, cellular component, cells, tissues, organs, and body
systems
EXAMPLE Brain, neurons.
[SOURCE: Human Anatomy and Histoembryology Terms Review Committee, 2014]
3.2.5
disorder
condition which represents a set of dysfunction with associated body manifestations and is often
defined by typical chief symptom, sequential pathological process body state or aetiology.
EXAMPLE Atherosclerosis model, chronic fatigue syndrome, Spleen Deficiency.
3.2.6
biological process
specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve
EXAMPLE Angiogenesis, neuroprotection, cortical excitability.
[SOURCE: Gene Ontology: 0008150, modified]
3.2.6.1
cellular process
process that occurs at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell
Note 1 to entry: For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular
level.
EXAMPLE autophagy, glial cell activation, mesenchymal stem cell migration, neuron apoptotic process.
[SOURCE: Gene Ontology: 0009987, modified]
3.2.6.2
behaviour
internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or
external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity
EXAMPLE Learning, memory, motor behaviour.
[SOURCE: Gene Ontology: 0007610, modified]
3.2.6.3
response to stimulus
process that results in a change of state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement,
secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus
Note 1 to entry: The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity of
the cell or organism.
EXAMPLE Inflammation.
[SOURCE: Gene Ontology: 0050896, modified]
3.2.6.4
biological regulation
process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function
EXAMPLE Regulation of hormone levels, regulation of blood pressure, MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4
signalling pathway, toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway.
[SOURCE: Gene Ontology: 0065007, modified]
3.2.6.5
developmental process
biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical
structure (which can be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an
initial condition to a
...