ISO 11315-3:1999

Photography — Projection in indoor rooms — Part 3: Classification of transmitting projection screens and measurement of their transmitted luminance levels

Photographie — Projection en salles — Partie 3: Classification des écrans de projection par transmission et mesurage de leurs niveaux de luminance transmise

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 07-Jul-1999
• Withdrawal Date: 07-Jul-1999
• ICS: 37.040.10 - Photographic equipment. Projectors
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 42 - Photography
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 42 - Photography
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 29-Nov-2006
• Completion Date: 12-Feb-2026

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11315-3
First edition
1999-07-01
Photography — Projection in indoor
rooms —
Part 3:
Classification of transmitting projection screens
and measurement of their transmitted
luminance levels
Photographie — Projection en salles —
Partie 3: Classification des écrans de projection par transmission et
mesurage de leurs niveaux de luminance transmise
A
Reference number
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 11315-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.

ISO 11315 consists of the following parts, under the general title Photography — Projection in indoor rooms:
 Part 1: Screen illumination test for still projectors
 Part 2: Screen luminance test for still and video projection
 Part 3: Classification of transmitting projection screens and measurement of their transmitted luminance levels
 Part 4: Reflecting projection screens — Classification and measurement of reflected screen luminance levels
and sound attenuation
 Part 5: Viewing conditions of transparent and reflecting screens
Annex A of this part of ISO 11315 is for information only.
©  ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet [e-mail]
Printed in Switzerland
ii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  © ISO ISO 11315-3:1999(E)
Photography — Projection in indoor rooms —
Part 3:
Classification of transmitting projection screens and measurement of
their transmitted luminance levels
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11315 specifies the classification of transmitting projection screens for indoor applications, and
describes the methods and parameters for measuring the transmitted screen luminance.
It describes measurements and anticipated data that should be obtained in the laboratory prior to actual selection
and installation of the screen.
NOTE A complete classification of reflecting projection screens is standardized in ISO 11315-4.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 11315. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 11315 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 2910:1990, Cinematography — Screen luminance for the projection of motion-picture prints in indoor theatres
and review rooms.
ISO 11315-1:1997, Photography — Projection in indoor rooms — Part 1: Screen illumination test for still projectors.
ISO 11315-2:1997, Photography — Projection in indoor rooms — Part 2: Screen luminance test for still and video
projection.
1)
ISO 11315-4:— , Photography — Projection in indoor rooms — Part 4: Reflecting projection screens —
Classification and measurement of reflected screen luminance levels and sound attenuation.
CIE No. 15.2:1986, Colorimetry (2nd edition).
CIE No. 17.4:1987, International Lighting Vocabulary [IEC 50 (845): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary,
Chapter 845: Lighting].
CIE No. 38:1977, Radiometric and Photometric Characteristics of Materials and their Measurement.
CIE No. 69:1987, Methods of Characterizing Illuminance Meters and Luminance Meters — Performance,
Characteristics and Specifications.

1)
To be published.
© ISO
3 Term and definition
For the purposes of this part of ISO 11315, the following term and definition applies.
3.1
luminance factor
ratio of the luminance of the test screen at a given viewing angle and the luminance of an identically illuminated
tablet of pressed barium sulfate powder
4 Classification of transmitting projection screens, projection properties and
comparison specimens
4.1 Rear projection screen-type R
Transmitting projection screens are classified according to their transmission characteristics. Regarding screens of
type R, two subtypes (see Table 1), which differ in their structure, shall be distinguished according to the latest
technological developments.
The common code name is type R. They are intended for rear projection only, and scatter the incident light over a
wide area. The preferred angle of transmission follows the direction of incident light.
NOTE The material used may be synthetic foils or glass. These screens are also referred to in the trade as back-projection
screens.
Table 1 — Types of transmitting projection screens
Projection Production method Distinguishing See subclause
screen type characteristics
R-O In rigid plates or “Hot spot” is possible 4.1.1
(opalized) flexible plastic foils
R-S In rigid plates only Optimum luminance factor indicatrix in 4.1.2
(structured surface) horizontal and vertical direction,
possibility of suppression of negative
influences by the room light
Even illumination of the whole screen surface is required.
4.1.1 Rear projection screen-type R-O
The screen-type R-O has an opalescent characteristic. It can either have a one-sided or double-sided matted
surface or the mostly clear base material (support) gets a supplement, for example through foreign polymers,
through which the diffusive effect is produced. Combined versions are possible.
The screen-type R-O does not possess a surface structure. It can be produced in flexible foils as well as in solid
plastic or glass plates.
The production method does not restrict the dimensions of the screen.
4.1.2 Rear projection screen-type R-S
The screen-type R-S has either a one-sided or a double-sided structured surface which allows a better distribution
of light. Examples are fresnel lenses, lenticular lens or prism arrangements.
© ISO
Moreover, the screen-type R-S contains diffusive additions on or in the base material in order to produce projected
pictures. The screen-type R-S with fresnel lenses can only be delivered by rigid plastic plates in fixed sizes.
Furthermore, this version necessitates observing a projection distance that is determined by the fresnel lens.
4.1.3 Hot spot (increased transmission near the projection axis)
This interference can occur with all screen-types R, independently of the surface structure. A remedy is possible
through diffusive additions on or in the base material.
4.1.4 Screen-type R in multilayer construction
Due to the potential difference of the single layers, multilayer construction can cause technological lighting
interference phenomena; i.e. during the projection as scintillation in all colours of the spectrum, as Newton's rings,
or as a moiré-effect. The screen-type R can also produce “cloud-formation” through irregularities in the distribution
of light.
In borderline cases, multilayer construction can result in a separation of the single layers, i.e. longer storage in an
inclined position can produce this effect.
NOTE “Sandwich-screen” is a slang technical term, but it is used in practice.
4.1.5 Use of the screen-type R in a “dark room” or an “illuminated room”
If rear projection is carried out in a “dark room” (dark viewing area), the diffusive additions on or in the base material
should only be a small part, through which the transmission characteristics of the screen are increased. (The screen
appears “bright”.)
In the case of rear projection carried out in an “illuminated room” (viewing area is illuminated), the diffusive additions
on or in the base have to be increased. For this reason, the transmission characteristics decrease, but at the same
time the reflection of ambient light from the viewing side of the screen is greatly reduced. Placing small black stripes
(black matrix) or a matted surface on the screen-side of the viewer avoids this effect. (The screen appears “dark”.)
NOTE The interfering light, which affects the side that faces the projector, reduces the recognizability of the projected
picture, particularly with the screen-type R-S having a fresnel-lens structure. The screening of the projection light-beam
remedies the interfering light.
5 Measurement of transmitted luminance levels
5.1 General
Measurements shall be made of samples of the screen material up to size A4 (210 mm ´ 297 mm, nominal) for
easier filing of the samples. The incident projection light shall be normal to the screen surface, without film in the
gate and confined within a full beam angle of not more than 5°. It shall illuminate the entire sample of the test
screen. The luminance shall be measured with a luminance meter.
2) 2)
The luminance meter shall have a measurement field angle of not greater than 2° and a spectral response of a
standard observer as adopted by the International Commission on Illumination in 1924, and adopted in 1933 by the
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