Solar energy — Collector components and materials — Part 5: Insulation material durability and performance

This document specifies the requirements on insulation materials for solar collectors and test methods for durability and performance of insulation materials used in solar collectors. This document is applicable to all types of insulation material used in solar collectors, such as rigid polyurethane foam (PU), phenolic foam (PF), mineral wool (MW) and mineral fibre.

Énergie solaire — Composants et matériaux du collecteur — Partie 5: Durabilité et performance des matériaux isolants

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
19-May-2019
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Due Date
08-Feb-2019
Completion Date
20-May-2019
Ref Project

Buy Standard

Standard
ISO 22975-5:2019 - Solar energy -- Collector components and materials
English language
42 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22975-5
First edition
2019-05
Solar energy — Collector components
and materials —
Part 5:
Insulation material durability and
performance
Énergie solaire — Composants et matériaux du collecteur —
Partie 5: Durabilité et performance des matériaux isolants
Reference number
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 For specific application . 3
5 Test methods . 3
5.1 Rigid polyurethane foam and phenolic foam . 3
5.1.1 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing . 3
5.1.2 Apparent density . 3
5.1.3 Apparent volume percentage of open cells . 3
5.1.4 Dimensional stability . 3
5.1.5 Compression properties . 3
5.1.6 Water absorption . . 3
5.1.7 Hygroscopic sorption properties . 3
5.1.8 Water vapor transmission properties . 3
5.1.9 Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity . 3
5.1.10 Flammability . 4
5.1.11 Accelerated aged value of thermal resistance . 4
5.2 Mineral wool and mineral fibre . 4
5.2.1 Dimension . 4
5.2.2 Bulk density . 8
5.2.3 Compression behaviour . 9
5.2.4 Water absorption . .10
5.2.5 Moisture content .17
5.2.6 Water vapor transmission properties .17
5.2.7 Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity .24
5.2.8 The maximum use temperature .24
5.2.9 Non-combustibility .28
5.3 Outgassing of insulation materials in solar flat-plate collectors .28
5.3.1 General.28
5.3.2 Apparatus .28
5.3.3 Sampling.29
5.3.4 Procedure .30
5.3.5 Analysis and criteria .30
Annex A (normative) Test report for insulation material .33
Annex B (informative) Requirements for specific application .40
Bibliography .42
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 180, Solar Energy.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22975 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

Introduction
The insulation material is a component of a solar collector, which is placed behind the panel in a flat
plate solar collector or in the header of an evacuated tube solar collector through a specific filling
process and is used as a heat insulation element.
This document provides test methods for measuring the common properties on insulation materials,
including apparent density, apparent volume percentage of open cells of PU and PF, and dimension,
bulk density of MW and mineral fibre. For each test, this document specifies sampling, apparatus and
acceptance test procedure.
This document also provides test methods for determining the durability of insulation materials,
including compression properties, water absorption, hygroscopic sorption properties, water vapor
transmission properties, flammability, accelerated aged value of thermal resistance of PU and PF, and
compression behaviour, water absorption, moisture content, water vapor transmission properties,
maximum use temperature, non-combustibility of MW and mineral fibre. For each durability test,
this document specifies principle, apparatus, sampling, acceptance test procedure, calculation and
expression of results, or evaluation.
This document also provides test methods and acceptance test procedure for measuring performance
of insulation materials, including thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.
This document also provides test methods and acceptance test procedure for measuring outgassing of
insulation materials in solar flat-plate collector.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22975-5:2019(E)
Solar energy — Collector components and materials —
Part 5:
Insulation material durability and performance
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements on insulation materials for solar collectors and test methods
for durability and performance of insulation materials used in solar collectors.
This document is applicable to all types of insulation material used in solar collectors, such as rigid
polyurethane foam (PU), phenolic foam (PF), mineral wool (MW) and mineral fibre.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 844, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of compression properties
ISO 845, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of apparent density
ISO 1182:2010, Reaction to fire tests for products — Non-combustibility test
ISO 1663, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water vapour transmission properties
ISO 2796, Cellular plastics, rigid — Test for dimensional stability
ISO 2896, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water absorption
ISO 4590, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed cells
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 9050, Glass in building — Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar
energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors
ISO 11561:1999, Ageing of thermal insulation materials — Determination of the long-term change in
thermal resistance of closed-cell plastics (accelerated laboratory test methods)
ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire tests — Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of
flame — Part 2: Single-flame source test
ISO 12570, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of moisture
content by drying at elevated temperature
ISO 12571, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of hygroscopic
sorption properties
ISO 29469, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of compression
behaviour
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bulk density
mass per unit volume of uncompact filling insulation material
3
Note 1 to entry: Bulk density is expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m ).
3.2
water vapour transmission rate
g
quantity of water vapour transmitted through unit area in unit time under specified conditions of
temperature, humidity and thickness
3.3
water vapour permeance
W
quotient of the water vapour transmission rate (3.2) of the test specimen and the water vapour pressure
difference between the two specimen faces during the test
3.4
water vapour resistance
Z
inverse of water vapour permeance (3.3)
3.5
water vapour permeability
δ
quantity of water vapour transmitted per unit of time through a unit area of the product per unit of
vapour pressure difference between its faces for a unit thickness
3.6
water vapour diffusion resistance factor
μ
quotient of the water vapour permeability (3.5) of air and the water vapour permeability (3.5) of the
material or the homogeneous product concerned
Note 1 to entry: μ indicates the relative magnitude of the water vapour resistance of the product and that of an
equally thick layer of stationary air at the same temperature.
3.7
water vapour diffusion equivalent air layer thickness
S
d
thickness of a motionless air layer which has the same water vapour resistance as the test specimen
with the thickness, d
3.8
maximum use temperature
highest temperature that can be borne by the material under the normal usage condition
Note 1 to entry: Maximum use temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

4 Requirements
4.1 General
Product properties of the insulation materials used in solar collectors shall be given by the
manufacturers. Product properties should be assessed in accordance with Clause 5. To comply with this
document, products should meet the situation of 4.2 as appropriate.
4.2 For specific application
For specific application and quality control, in the cases of being agreed by the purchaser and seller,
acceptable performance of insulation materials may be considered as the recommended performance
levels provided in Annex B.
5 Test methods
5.1 Rigid polyurethane foam and phenolic foam
5.1.1 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
They shall be in accordance with ISO 291.
5.1.2 Apparent density
It shall be in accordance with ISO 845.
5.1.3 Apparent volume percentage of open cells
It shall be in accordance with ISO 4590.
5.1.4 Dimensional stability
It shall be in accordance with ISO 2796.
5.1.5 Compression properties
They shall be in accordance with ISO 844.
5.1.6 Water absorption
It shall be in accordance with ISO 2896.
5.1.7 Hygroscopic sorption properties
They shall be in accordance with ISO 12571.
5.1.8 Water vapor transmission properties
They shall be in accordance with ISO 1663.
5.1.9 Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity
They shall be in accordance with ISO 8301.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

5.1.10 Flammability
It shall be in accordance with ISO 11925-2.
5.1.11 Accelerated aged value of thermal resistance
It shall be in accordance with ISO 11561.
5.2 Mineral wool and mineral fibre
5.2.1 Dimension
5.2.1.1 Sampling
The number of specimens and sampling shall be as follows:
1) A test sample shall consist of one representative roll or package of insulation.
2) Sampling of packages — For packages which contain 20 or more batts, five batts shall be selected.
For packages which contain less than 20 batts, either the three-batt or five-batt selection technique
may be used. Batts which are folded in half shall count as two batts for purposes of choosing and
employing the selection method.
a) Three-Batt Method — Select the centre batt and the second batt from each end of the package.
b) Five-Batt Method — Divide the package sequentially into five groups of batts as equal in
number as possible. Select the first batt from each group. Be careful to select one and only one
batt from the two end batts within the package.
c) Cut batts which are longer than (122 ± 0,63) cm in length.
3) Sampling of cut rolls — Five batts shall be cut of roll-width by (122 ± 0,63) cm in length.
a) Cut one batt from the centre of the roll, two batts from the ends of the roll, and the fourth and
fifth from the quarter points along the length. See Figure 1.
b) For blankets wider than 61 cm, cut each of the five batts (61 ± 0,63) cm wide by
(122 ± 0,63) cm long.
Dimensions in centimetres
Key
A nominal roll width
B nominal roll length
C batt
Figure 1 — Sampling of cut rolls
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

4) Sampling for Full Roll Method — This method can be used in place of sampling of cut rolls when the
roll is wider than 61 cm or longer than 16,4 m. Prior to unrolling the material, weigh the entire roll
to the nearest 0,11 kg. Two methods may be used to obtain the full roll weight. The first method
removes the insulation product from the packaging prior to weighing. The material will expand
and can unroll slightly, care shall be taken to ensure that the full roll is weighed accurately. The
second method weighs the packaged insulation product, then weighs the packaging material only.
The packaging material weight is subtracted from packaged product weight to obtain the net
material weight.
5.2.1.2 Apparatus
5.2.1.2.1 Depth gauge, to be used for dimension testing meeting the following requirements and of
the type shown in Figure 2.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A taper to a sharp point
B thumb grip
Figure 2 — Depth gauge for thickness measurements
5.2.1.2.2 Disk, fabricated of a suitable plastic material. The disk shall have a mass of (9,3 ± 0,3) g
and shall exert a pressure of 20 Pa. The disk shall be 76 mm ± 2 mm in diameter. The disk shall be
perpendicular to the pin at all times and shall have a friction device or thumb grip to secure the pin
unless purposely moved.
5.2.1.2.3 Pin, made at a maximum of 3 mm in diameter and of sufficient length for the material to be
measured.
5.2.1.2.4 Steel rule, graduated in 1 mm intervals.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

5.2.1.3 Procedure
5.2.1.3.1 General
The test specimens shall be cut by methods that do not change the structure relative to that of the
original product and the test procedure shall be as follows:
5.2.1.3.2 Expansion of packages and cut roll
a) Hold the first batt vertically off the floor by grasping it with both hands on its long dimension so
that the lower edge is (460 ± 25) mm above a solid horizontal surface. Release the batt, allowing it
to strike the surface.
b) Repeat the actions of a) for a second time. Next, hold the batt by the other long edge, drop twice as
a). Place the specimen on the flat, hard surface.
c) Repeat the actions of a) and b) for the remaining four specimens.
d) Allow specimens to reach equilibrium by waiting at least 5 min before making thickness
measurements within 25 mm in any direction of five points as indicated in Figure 3.
If 580 mm-wide samples are tested, use a quarter or half of that dimension to establish the test points.
NOTE 1 Some materials can require 4 h or more to reach equilibrium.
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
A 600 mm by 1 200 mm specimen
B 375 mm by 1 200 mm specimen
Figure 3 — Thickness measurement locations
5.2.1.3.3 Expansion of full roll
a) Unroll the insulation. Flip the test roll over its entire length so the bottom surface is now on top.
Next grasp one end and pull the material over itself until the original surface is again facing up.
b) If there is insufficient room to pull the material over itself (less than twice the unrolled length), the
material may be repositioned by sliding the partially pulled roll to the end of the testing space and
continue to pull the material over itself.
c) Use 5.2.1.3.1 if the sampling of cut rolls procedure in 3) of 5.2.1.1 is used.
5.2.1.3.4 Measurement of packages and cut roll
a) Insert the pin of the thickness gauge vertically into the material at the first measuring point with
a twisting motion until it contacts the hard surface beneath. Lower the disk until it lightly and
uniformly contacts the specimen.
b) An alternative procedure is to use a disk whose mass exerts a specified pressure of at least 20 Pa on
the specimen. With the gauge disk locked against the pin, lift the gauge unit from the test specimen.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 7

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

c) While holding the gauge in locked position, place the disk against the zero end of the rule with the
pin projecting along the calibrated surface of the rule.
d) Observe and record the reading at the pointed end of the pin to the nearest 1 mm.
e) Repeat the actions of a), b), c), d) for each of the remaining measuring points as shown in Figure 3.
5.2.1.3.5 Measurement of full roll
a) Record the roll length to the nearest 2,54 cm. Take measurements on each side of the roll. If the roll
has been cut in half, take a third roll length measurement along the midpoint of the roll width.
b) Record roll width at three locations to the nearest 0,32 cm. Width measurements will be taken
3,05 m from each end, and in the middle of the roll length.
c) Using a pin gauge, record thickness to the nearest 1 mm as shown in Figure 4. Refer to 5.2.1.3.4 for
use of pin gauge. Two 4,57 m long sections shall be measured. These sections shall be 3,05 m from
each end. A total of twenty thickness measurements shall be taken for each roll.
d) Use 5.2.1.3.5 if the sampling procedure in 4) of 5.2.1.1 is used.
Dimensions in centimetres
Key
w roll width
Figure 4 — Thickness measurement locations — Full roll
5.2.1.4 Thickness calculation
Take the average of the thickness measurements made in accordance with 5.2.1.3 as the thickness of
the specimen.
5.2.2 Bulk density
5.2.2.1 Sampling
Same as 5.2.1.1.
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

5.2.2.2 Apparatus
Balance to be used for bulk density testing meeting the following requirements:
a) Scales of sufficient capacity to weigh the test specimen to an accuracy of ±0,5 %.
b) Sensitivity to weigh the test specimen to an accuracy of ±0,5 %
5.2.2.3 Procedure
The procedure for bulk density of the specimen shall be as follows:
a) Weigh the weight of the specimen with facings and the weight of the specimen without facings.
b) Calculate the density of the specimen with facings and the density of the specimen without facings
by using Formula (1) and Formula (2):
M
1
D = (1)
a
Lw H
11 1
where
3
D is the density of the specimen with facings in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m );
a
M is the total weight of test specimen with facings in kilograms (kg);
1
L is the length of test specimen with facings in metres (m);
1
w is the width of test specimen with facings in metres (m);
1
H is the thickness of test specimen with facings in metres (m).
1
M
2
D = (2)
b
Lw H
22 2
where
3
D is the density of the specimen without facings in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m );
b
M is the total weight of test specimen without facings in kilograms (kg);
2
L is the length of test specimen without in metres (m);
2
w is the width of test specimen without in metres (m);
2
H is the thickness of test specimen without in metres (m).
2
5.2.3 Compression behaviour
It shall be in accordance with ISO 29469.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 9

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

5.2.4 Water absorption
5.2.4.1 Principle
There are two methods to get water absorption which is related to different situations. The principle
shall be as follows:
a) Partial immersion (Method 1):
The long-term water absorption by partial immersion is intended to simulate the water absorption
caused by long-term water exposure.
The long-term water absorption by partial immersion is determined by measuring the change in
mass of a test specimen, the lower part of which is in contact with water for a period of 28 days.
The excess water adhering to the surface, not absorbed by the test specimen, is removed by
drainage in Method 1A (see 5.2.4.4.3.1) or taken into account by deduction of the initial water
uptake in Method 1B (see 5.2.4.4.3.2).
b) Total immersion (Method 2):
The long-term water absorption by total immersion is not directly related to the conditions on site,
but has been recognised as a relevant condition of test for some products in some applications.
The long term water absorption by total immersion is determined by measuring the change in mass
of the test specimen, totally immersed in water, over a period of 28 days.
The excess water adhering to the surface, not absorbed by the test specimen, is removed by
drainage in Method 2A (see 5.2.4.4.4.1) or taken into account by deduction of the initial water
uptake in Method 2B (see 5.2.4.4.4.2).
5.2.4.2 Apparatus
The examples of test devices for water absorption testing are given in the Figures 5, 6 and 7, Equipment
for drainage is given in Figure 8. Following requirements shall be met:
5.2.4.2.1 Balance, which allows the determination of the mass of a test specimen to 0,1 g.
5.2.4.2.2 Water tank, with a device for keeping the water level constant to within ±2 mm, and a device
to keep the test specimen in the required position. The device to keep the test specimen in position shall
not cover more than 15 % of the cross-section area of the test specimen, which is exposed to water. It
shall be such that the original form of the test specimen is maintained.
5.2.4.2.3 Tap water, adjusted to a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C. In case of dispute, deionised water shall
be used.
The principle for Methods 1A (see 5.2.4.4.3.1) and 2A (see 5.2.4.4.4.1) is illustrated in Figures 8 a) and b).
10 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO 22975-5:2019(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 water tank
2 load to keep the test specimen in position
3 test specimen
Figure 5 — Example of partial immersion test device (Method 1A and 1B)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 water tank
2 load to keep the test specimen in position
3 test specimen
Figure
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.