ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013
(Main)Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent code points
Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent code points
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013 defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video or audio stream that are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties may describe the appropriate interpretation of decoded video or audio data or may, similarly, describe the characteristics of such signals before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for compressing such an input signal.
Technologies de l'information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG — Partie 8: Points de code indépendants du codage
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23001-8
First edition
2013-07-01
Information technology — MPEG systems
technologies —
Part 8:
Coding-independent code points
Technologies de l'information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG —
Partie 8: Points de code indépendants du codage
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2013
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 1
4 Conventions . 2
4.1 Arithmetic operators . 2
4.2 Relational operators . 2
4.3 Bit-wise operators . 2
4.4 Mathematical functions . 3
5 Introduction . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Background . 4
5.3 Applicability . 5
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points . 5
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults . 5
6.2 Externally defined values . 6
6.3 Reference format . 6
6.4 URN Format . 6
7 Video code points . 6
7.1 Colour primaries . 6
7.2 Transfer characteristics . 8
7.3 Matrix coefficients . 10
7.4 Video frame packing type . 13
7.5 Packed video content interpretation . 18
8 Audio code points . 19
8.1 Speaker Channel Position . 19
8.2 Channel configuration . 20
8.3 Program Loudness level . 22
8.4 Anchor Loudness level . 22
Bibliography . 23
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 23001-8 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 23001 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — MPEG
systems technologies:
Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML
Part 2: Fragment request units
Part 3: XML IPMP messages
Part 4: Codec configuration representation
Part 5: Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL)
Part 7: Common encryption in ISO base media file format files
Part 8: Coding-independent code points
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
Information technology — MPEG systems technologies —
Part 8:
Coding-independent code points
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video or audio
stream that are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties may describe the
appropriate interpretation of decoded video or audio data or may, similarly, describe the characteristics of
such signals before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for compressing such an input
signal.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
Rec. ITU-R BS.1770, Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
K-weighted
frequency weighting by means of a 2-stage filter, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.1.2
LKFS
loudness, K-weighted, relative to nominal full scale, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
3.2.1
LSB
least-significant bit
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
3.2.2
MSB
most-significant bit
4 Conventions
NOTE The mathematical operators used in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 are similar to those used in the C
programming language. However, integer division and arithmetic shift operations are specifically defined. Numbering and
counting conventions generally begin from 0.
4.1 Arithmetic operators
The following arithmetic operators are defined as follows:
+ Addition
− Subtraction (as a two-argument operator) or negation (as a unary prefix operator)
* Multiplication, including matrix multiplication
y
x Exponentiation. Specifies x to the power of y. In other contexts, such notation is used for
superscripting not intended for interpretation as exponentiation.
/ Integer division with truncation of the result toward zero. For example, 7 / 4 and ( −7 ) / ( −4 )
are truncated to 1 and ( −7 ) / 4 and 7 / ( −4 ) are truncated to −1.
÷ Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
intended.
x
Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
y
intended.
y
f (i) The summation of f( i ) with i taking all integer values from x up to and including y.
ix
x % y Modulus. Remainder of x divided by y, defined only for integers x and y with x >= 0 and y > 0.
4.2 Relational operators
The following relational operators are defined as follows:
> Greater than.
>= Greater than or equal to.
< Less than.
<= Less than or equal to.
= = Equal to.
!= Not equal to.
When a relational operator is applied to a syntax element or variable that has been assigned the value "na"
(not applicable), the value "na" is treated as a distinct value for the syntax element or variable. The value "na"
is considered not to be equal to any other value.
4.3 Bit-wise operators
The following bit-wise operators are defined as follows:
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
& Bit-wise "and". When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two's complement
representation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant bits
equal to 0.
| Bit-wise "or". When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two's complement
representation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant bits
equal to 0.
^ Bit-wise "exclusive or". When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two's
complement representation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that
contains fewer bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more
significant bits equal to 0.
x >> y Arithmetic right shift of a two's complement integer representation of x by y binary digits. This
function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the MSBs as a result of
the right shift have a value equal to the MSB of x prior to the shift operation.
x << y Arithmetic left shift of a two's complement integer representation of x by y binary digits. This
function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the LSBs as a result of
the left shift have a value equal to 0.
4.4 Mathematical functions
The following mathematical functions are defined as follows:
x ; x 0
Abs( x ) =
. (1)
x ; x 0
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), where BitDepth is the representation bit depth
Y Y Y
of the corresponding luma colour component signal. (2)
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), where BitDepth is the representation bit depth
C C C
of the corresponding chroma colour component signal C. In general, BitDepth may be distinct
C
for different chroma colour components signals C – e.g. for C corresponding to Cb or Cr. (3)
x ; z x
Clip3( x, y, z ) = . (4)
y ; z y
z ; otherwise
Floor( x ) the greatest integer less than or equal to x. (5)
Log10( x ) returns the base-10 logarithm of x. (6)
Round( x ) = Sign( x ) * Floor( Abs( x ) + 0.5 ). (7)
1 ; x 0
Sign( x ) =
. (8)
1 ; x 0
Sqrt( x ) = . (9)
x
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
5 Introduction
5.1 General
This clause identifies the code points defined in this part of ISO/IEC 23001, as listed in Table 1 with cross-
references to the subclause in which each is specified.
Table 1 — List of code point definitions
Name Abstract Subclause
ColourPrimaries Video colour primaries 7.1
TransferCharacteristics Video colour transfer characteristics 7.2
MatrixCoefficients and Video matrix colour coefficients 7.3
VideoFullRangeFlag
VideoFramePackingType and Video frame packing 7.4
QuincunxSamplingFlag
PackedContentInterpretationType Interpretation of packed video frames 7.5
OutputChannelPosition Audio channel assignment 8.1
ChannelConfiguration Audio channel configuration 8.2
ProgramLoudness Audio program loudness level 8.3
AnchorLoudness Audio anchor content loudness level 8.4
5.2 Background
In a number of specifications, there is a need to identify some characteristics of media that are logically
independent of the compression format (for example, aspects that relate to the sourcing or presentation, or
the role of the media component). These media characteristics have typically been documented by fields that
take an encoded value or item selected from an enumerated list, herein called code points.
These code points are typically defined in the specification of compression formats to document these
characteristics of the media. In past practices, the definition of these fields has been copied from standard to
standard, sometimes with new values being added in later standards (and sometimes with later amendments
specified to add new entries to existing standards).
This past practice has raised a number of issues, including the following:
1) A lack of a formal way to avoid conflicting assignments being made in different standards.
2) Having additional values defined in later specifications that may be practically used with older
compression formats, but without clear formal applicability of these new values to older standards.
3) Any update or correction of code point semantics can incur significant effort to update all standards in
which the code point is specified, instead of enabling a single central specification to apply across
different referencing specifications.
4) The choice of reference for other specifications (such as container or delivery formats) not being obvious;
wherein a formal reference to a compression format standard appears to favour that one format over
others, and also appears to preclude definitions defined in other compression format specifications.
5) Burdensome maintenance needs to ensure that a reference to material defined in a compression format
specification is maintained appropriately over different revisions of the referenced format specification, as
the content of a compression format specification may change over time and is ordinarily not intended as
a point of reference for defining such code points.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides a central definition of such code points to address these issues.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
5.3 Applicability
The usage of this part of ISO/IEC 23001 is illustrated in Figure 1. This part of ISO/IEC 23001 can be used to
provide universal descriptions to assist interpretation of signals following decoding or to describe the
properties of the signals before they are encoded.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides code points for coding-independent description of multimedia signal
characteristics.
Figure 1 — Scope of this part of ISO/IEC 23001
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults
The code points defined herein may be specified as a value or a label of an enumerated list. The definition of
their encoding and representation (e.g. as a binary number) is the responsibility of the specification using the
code point, as is the identification of any applicable default value not specified herein. It is also possible for
external specifications to use a mapping to values defined here, if they wish to preserve identical semantics
but different code point assignments.
Guidance is given for each code point as to a suitable type (e.g. unsigned integer) and a suitable value range
(e.g. 0–63) for assistance in writing derived specifications. In some instances, default flag values are provided
that are suggested to be inferred for code point parameters with associated flags that may not be explicitly
signalled or specified in derived specifications.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
6.2 Externally defined values
If the external specification permits values not defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to be identified in the
same field that carries values defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001, then that other specification must identify
how values defined herein can be distinguished from values not defined herein.
6.3 Reference format
References to code points in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 should use only the code point name (i.e. a “Name”
from Table 1) and specification title, and not use section numbers or any other "fragile" reference such as a
table number. Example: "ChocolateDensity as defined in ISO/IEC 23001-8 Coding-independent code points".
6.4 URN Format
The Uniform Resource Names (URN) prefix
urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:
is defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to form URN labels for the names in Table 1, when followed by a
name from that table. Systems may use these URNs to identify values defined herein.
Example: urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:ColourPrimaries
7 Video code points
7.1 Colour primaries
Type: Unsigned integer, enumeration
Range: 0 – 255
ColourPrimaries indicates the chromaticity coordinates of the source colour primaries as specified in Table 2
in terms of the CIE 1931 definition of x and y as specified by ISO 11664-1.
An 8-bit field should be adequate for representation of the ColourPrimaries code point.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
Table 2 — Colour primaries
Value Primaries Informative Remarks
0 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5
1 primary x y
green 0.300 0.600
Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 conventional colour gamut
system and extended colour gamut system
blue 0.150 0.060
IEC 61966-2-1 (sRGB or sYCC)
red 0.640 0.330
white D65 0.3127 0.3290 IEC 61966-2-4
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
RP 177 (1993) Annex B
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown or are
determined by the application.
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
4 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System M (historical)
green 0.21 0.71 United States National Television System
Committee 1953 Recommendation for
blue 0.14 0.08
transmission standards for colour television
red 0.67 0.33
United States Federal Communications
white C 0.310 0.316
Commission Title 47 Code of Federal Regulations
(2003) 73.682 (a) (20)
5 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System B, G (historical)
green 0.29 0.60 Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 625
blue 0.15 0.06 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 625
red 0.64 0.33 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 625 PAL and 625 SECAM
white D65 0.3127 0.3290
6 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 525
green 0.310 0.595 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 525
blue 0.155 0.070 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 NTSC
red 0.630 0.340 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
170M (2004)
white D65 0.3127 0.3290
(functionally the same as the value 7)
7 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
240M (1999)
green 0.310 0.595
(functionally the same as the value 6)
blue 0.155 0.070
red 0.630 0.340
white D65 0.3127 0.3290
8 primary x y Generic film (colour filters using Illuminant C)
green 0.243 0.692 (Wratten 58)
blue 0.145 0.049 (Wratten 47)
red 0.681 0.319 (Wratten 25)
white C 0.310 0.316
9 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.2020
green 0.170 0.797
blue 0.131 0.046
red 0.708 0.292
white D65 0.3127 0.3290
10-21 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
22 primary x y JEDEC P22 phosphors
Red 0.63 0.34
Green 0.29 0.61
Blue 0.16 0.08
white D65 0.3127 0.3290
23.255 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
7.2 Transfer characteristics
Type: Unsigned integer, enumeration
Range: 0 – 255
TransferCharacteristics indicates the opto-electronic transfer characteristic of the source picture as specified
in Table 3 as a function of a linear optical intensity input L with an analogue range of 0 to 1.
c
An 8-bit field should be adequate for representation of the TransferCharacteristics code point.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
Table 3 — Transfer characteristics
Value Transfer Characteristic Informative Remarks
0 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
0.45
1 V = 1.099 * L − 0.099 for 1 >= L >= 0.018 Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5
c c
V = 4.500 * L for 0.018 > L >= 0 Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 conventional
c c
colour gamut system
(functionally the same as the value
6)
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown
or are determined by the
application.
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
4 Assumed display gamma 2.2 Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System M
(historical)
United States National Television
System Committee 1953
Recommendation for transmission
standards for colour television
United States Federal
Communications Commission Title
47 Code of Federal Regulations
(2003) 73.682 (a) (20)
Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 (2007
revision) 625 PAL and 625 SECAM
5 Assumed display gamma 2.8 Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System B, G
(historical)
0.45
6 V = 1.099 * L − 0.099 for 1 >= L >= 0.018 Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 525 or 625
c c
V = 4.500 * L for 0.018 > L >= 0 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 525 or 625
c c
Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 NTSC
Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers 170M (2004)
(functionally the same as the value
1)
0.45
7 V = 1.1115 * L − 0.1115 for 1 >= L >= 0.0228 Society of Motion Picture and
c c
Television Engineers 240M (1999)
V = 4.0 * L for 0.0228 > L >= 0
c c
8 V = L for 1 > L >= 0 Linear transfer characteristics
c c
9 V = 1.0 + Log10( L ) 2 for 1 >= L >= 0.01 Logarithmic transfer characteristic
c c
(100:1 range)
V = 0.0 for 0.01 > L >= 0
c
10 V = 1.0 + Log10( L ) 2.5 for 1 >= L >= Sqrt( 10 ) ÷ 1000 Logarithmic transfer characteristic
c c
(100 * Sqrt( 10 ) : 1 range)
V = 0.0 for Sqrt( 10 ) ÷ 1000 > L >= 0
c
0.45
11 V = 1.099 * L − 0.099 for L >= 0.018 IEC 61966-2-4
c c
V = 4.500 * L for 0.018 > L > −0.018
c c
0.45
V = −1.099 * ( −L ) + 0.099 for −0.018 >= L
c c
0.45
12 V = 1.099 * L − 0.099 for 1.33 > L >= 0.018 Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 extended
c c
colour gamut system
V = 4.500 * L for 0.018 > L >= −0.0045
c c
0.45
V = −( 1.099 * ( −4 * L ) − 0.099 ) 4 for −0.0045 > L >= −0.25
c c
(1 2.4)
13 V = 1.055 * L − 0.055 for 1 > L >= 0.0031308 IEC 61966-2-1 (sRGB or sYCC)
c c
V = 12.92 * L for 0.0031308 > L >= 0
c c
0.45
14 V =1.099 * L − 0.099 for 1 >= L >= 0.018 Rec. ITU-R BT.2020 (10-bit
c c
system)
V = 4.500 * L for 0.018 > L >= 0
c c
0.45
15 V =1.0993 * L − 0.0993 for 1 >= L >=0.0181 Rec. ITU-R BT.2020 (12-bit
c c
system)
V = 4.500 * L for 0.0181 > L >= 0
c c
15.255 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
7.3 Matrix coefficients
Type: Unsigned integer, enumeration
Range: 0 – 255, plus associated flag
MatrixCoefficients describes the matrix coefficients used in deriving luma and chroma signals from the green,
blue, and red primaries, as specified in Table 4 and the equations below.
A flag, VideoFullRangeFlag, may be supplied with this code point (see below).
VideoFullRangeFlag specifies the scaling and offset values applied in association with the MatrixCoefficients.
When not present or not specified, the value 0 for VideoFullRangeFlag would ordinarily be inferred as the
default value for video imagery.
An 8-bit field should be adequate for representation of the MatrixCoefficients code point.
The interpretation of MatrixCoefficients is specified by the following equations. E , E , and E are defined as
R G B
"linear-domain" signals based on the colour primaries (see subclause 7.1) before applying the transfer
characteristics (see subclause 7.2).
The application of the transfer characteristics is denoted by ( x )′ for an argument x. The signals E′ , E′ , and
R G
E′ are specified as follows:
B
E′ = ( E )′ (10)
R R
E′ = ( E )′ (11)
G G
E′ = ( E )′ (12)
B B
The range of E′ , E′ , and E′ are specified as follows:
R G B
– If TransferCharacteristics is not equal to 11 or 12, E′ , E′ , and E′ are analogue with values in the range
R G B
of 0 to 1.
– Otherwise (TransferCharacteristics is equal to 11 (IEC 61966-2-4) or 12 (Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 extended
colour gamut system)), E′ , E′ and E′ are analogue with a larger range not specified in this part of
R G B
ISO/IEC 23001.
Nominal white is specified as having E′ equal to 1, E′ equal to 1, and E′ equal to 1.
R G B
Nominal black is specified as having E′ equal to 0, E′ equal to 0, and E′ equal to 0.
R G B
The interpretation of MatrixCoefficients is specified as follows.
– If VideoFullRangeFlag is equal to 0, the following applies.
– If MatrixCoefficients is equal to 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 or 10, the following equations apply:
Y = Clip1 ( Round( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 219 * E′ + 16 ) ) ) (13)
Y Y Y
Cb = Clip1 ( Round( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 224 * E′ + 128 ) ) ) (14)
C C PB
Cr = Clip1 ( Round( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 224 * E′ + 128 ) ) ) (15)
C C PR
– Otherwise, if MatrixCoefficients is equal to 0 or 8, the following equations apply:
R = Clip1 ( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 219 * E′ + 16 ) ) (16)
Y Y R
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013(E)
G = Clip1 ( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 219 * E′ + 16 ) ) (17)
Y Y G
B = Clip1 ( ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 8 ) ) * ( 219 * E′ + 16 ) ) (18)
Y Y B
– Otherwise, if MatrixCoefficients is equal to 2, the interpretation of the MatrixCoefficients syntax
element is unknown or is determined by the application.
– Otherwise (MatrixCoefficients is not equal to 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10), the interpretation of the
MatrixCoefficients syntax element is reserved for future definition by ISO/IEC.
– Otherwise (VideoFullRangeFlag is equal to 1), the following equations apply.
– If MatrixCoefficients is equal to 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 or 10, the following equations apply:
Y = Clip1 ( Round( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ ) ) (19)
Y Y Y
Cb = Clip1 ( Round( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ + ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 1 ) ) ) ) (20)
C C PB C
Cr = Clip1 ( Round( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ + ( 1 << ( BitDepth − 1 ) ) ) ) (21)
C C PR C
– Otherwise, if MatrixCoefficients is equal to 0 or 8, the following equations apply:
R = Clip1 ( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ ) (22)
Y Y R
G = Clip1 ( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ ) (23)
Y Y G
B = Clip1 ( ( ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1 ) * E′ ) (24)
Y Y B
– Otherwise, if MatrixCoefficients is equal to 2, the interpretation of the MatrixCoefficients syntax
el
...
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