ISO 8840:1987

Refractory materials — Determination of bulk density of granular materials (grain density)

Two methods for the determination of the bulk density of granular refractory materials (grain density) having a grain size larger than 2mm are specified. Method 1 (mercury method with vacuum) is intended as a referee method. Method 2 is the arrested water absorption method. The two methods may give different results. Any statement of the value of a bilk density shall therefore be accompanied by an indication of the method used. The same method shall be used for the determination of the volume of the sample, for selecting and preparing the sample, for calculating the bulk density and for presenting the test report.

Matériaux réfractaires — Détermination de la masse volumique apparente des matériaux en grains (masse volumique des grains)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 02-Sep-1987
• Withdrawal Date: 02-Sep-1987
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 33 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 33 - Refractories
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 14-Sep-2021

Relations

• Revised: ISO 8840:2021 - Refractory materials — Determination of bulk density of granular materials (grain density)
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

IS0
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
8840
First edition
1987-09- 15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEWYHAPOAHAR OPt-AHM3AuMfl I-IO CTAHflAPTM3A~MM
Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density
of granular materials (grain density)
- D&termination de la masse volumique apparente des matkiaux en
Ma thriaux rhfrac takes
grains (masse volumique des grains)
Reference number
IS0 8840 : 1987 (E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard IS0 8840 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33,
Refractories.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1987
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
-~-- -
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD rsotB40:19~(
Determination of bulk density
Refractory materials -
of granular materials (grain density)
1 Scope and field of application 4 Principle
Measurement of the volume of a given mass of a granular
This International Standard specifies two methods for the
material by displacement of a liquid.
determination of the bulk density of granular refractory
materials (grain density) having a grain size larger than 2 mm :
- Method 1 : the mercury method with vacuum
5 Sampling
- Method 2 : the arrested water absorption method.
Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with IS0 8656 or
with another standard sampling scheme agreed between the
Method 1 is intended as the referee method.
interested parties.
Depending on the nature of the material tested, the two
methods may give different results. Any statement of the value
Preparation, number and size of test
6
of a bulk density shall therefore be accompanied by an indica-
samples
tion of the method used or to be used in case of dispute.
The same method shall be used for the determination of the
6.1 Preparation of samples
volume of the sample, for selecting and preparing the sample,
for calculating the bulk density and for presenting the test The material to be tested shall consist of fractions or groups of
report.
fractions with grain sizes above 2 mm. Laboratory samples
shall be produced by sieving, after any preliminary comminu-
tion of the material above 5,6 mm grain size. Test results can be
affected by the comminution technique and the equipment
2 References used.
IS0 383, Laboratory glassware - Interchangeable conical Any dust or loose particles adhering to the grains shall be
ground joints. removed before testing by washing or, with materials sensitive
to moisture or humidity, by air blowing.
IS0 385-1, Laboratory glassware - Burettes - Part 7 :
General requirements.
6.2 Number of samples
IS0 5018, Refractory materials - Determination of true density.
Take at least three test samples from the laboratory sample
and carry out one determination of bulk density on each test
IS0 8656, Refractory products - Raw materiafs and unshaped
sample.
products - Sampling. 1,
6.3 Size of samples
The size of test samples to be taken depends on the grain size
3 Definitions
and the homogeneity of the material being tested. Recom-
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following mended sizes are shown in table 1.
definitions apply.
Table 1 - Size of test samples
3.1 bulk density of a granular material (grain density) :
The ratio of the mass of a quantity of the material to the total
volume of its grains, including the volume of any closed pores
within the grains.
3.2 closed pores : Pores that are not penetrated by a liquid
in which the grains are immersed.
1) At present at the stage of draft.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 8840 : 1987 (E)
under vacuum, with mercury as specified in 8.4. This will give
7 Determination of mass of test sample
an average pressure on the grains of about 265 mbar. Weigh
the pycnometer and contents to the nearest 0,l g. Thereupon,
Dry the test sample to constant mass in the drying oven main-
tained at 110 + 5 OC and allow it to cool to ambient under vacuum, remove the mercury from the vessel. Determine
temperature in the desiccator. Weigh the test sample to the the amount of mercury still remaining in the test sample by
nearest 0,l g on the balance. weighing the sample after the mercury adhering to it has been
removed and by finding the difference from the original mass of
the test sample. If the mass of mercury remaining in the test
8 Determination of volume of test sample - sample is over 5 % of the original mass of the sample, state the
amount, expressed as a percentage by mass, in the test report.
Method 1 : Mercury method with vacuum
NOTE - Method 1 is preferred as a referee method because of its
reproducibility and simplicity in use. However, mercury is known to be
8.6 Calculation of volume of test sample
a hazardous substance, and therefore method 2 (see clause 9) is
recommended for all routine purposes.
If the weighings in accordance with 8.4 and 8.5 were made at a
constant temperature (and therefore with a constant mercury
8.1 Principle
density), the volume VR of the test sample is given, in millilitres,
by the equation
Determination of the volume of the test sample by the mercury
displacement method with a vacuum below 30 mbarl) resid
...

IS0
NORME INTERNATIONALE
8840
Première édition
1987-09-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXRYHAPORHAR OPTAHMSAUWA no CTAHjJAPTMSAUMM
Matériaux réfractaires - Détermination de la masse
volumique apparente des matériaux en grains (masse
volumique des grains)
Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials (grain density)
Numéro de référence
I IS0 8840: 1987 (F)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Avant- propos
L’ISO (organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de I‘ISO). L’Blaboration
des Normes internationales est normalement confiée aux comités techniques de I’ISO.
Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent également aux travaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis
aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes inter-
nationales par le Conseil de I’ISO. Les Normes internationales sont approuvBes confor-
mément aux procédures de I’ISO qui requièrent l’approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale IS0 8840 a BtB élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 33,
Matkriaux rkfractaires.
L‘attention des utilisateurs est attirée sur le fait que toutes les Normes internationales
sont de temps en temps soumises A révision et que toute référence faite à une autre
Norme internationale dans le présent document implique qu’il s‘agit, sauf indication
contraire, de la dernière édition.
@ Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1987 O
imprime en Suisse

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE IS0 8840 : 1987 (F)
Matériaux réfractaires - Détermination de la masse
volumique apparente des matériaux en grains (masse
volumique des grains)
1 Objet et domaine d'application 4 Principe
La présente Norme internationale spécifie deux méthodes per-
Mesurage du volume d'une masse donnée de matériau en
mettant de déterminer la masse volumique apparente des maté- grains, par déplacement d'un liquide.
riaux réfractaires en grains (masse volumique des grains) dont
la granulométrie est supérieure à 2 mm :
5 Éc ha ntil Ion nage
- Méthode 1 : méthode au mercure sous vide
L'échantillonnage doit être effectué conformément à
-
Méthode 2 : méthode par arrêt de l'absorption d'eau.
I'ISO 8656 ou à toute autre méthode normalisée agréée entre
les parties intéressées.
1 est la méthode de référence.
La méthode
à l'essai, les deux méthodes
Selon la nature du matériau soumis
6 Préparation, nombre et taille des
peuvent donner des résultats différents. Tout énoncé de la
échantillons
valeur d'une masse volumique apparente doit par conséquent
s'accompagner d'une mention de la méthode utilisée ou 8 utili-
6.1 Préparation des échantillons
ser en cas de litige.
Le matériau destiné à l'essai granulométrique doit se composer
La même méthode doit être utilisée pour déterminer le volume
de fragments ou de groupes de fragments d'une granulométrie
de I'échantillon, pour choisir et préparer I'échantillon, pour cal-
supérieure à 2 mm. Les échantillons de laboratoire seront pré-
culer sa masse volumique apparente et présenter le procès-
parés par tamisage, après éventuelle fragmentation préliminaire
verbal d'essai.
pour les matériaux dont la grosseur de grain excède 5,6 mm. La
technique de fragmentation et le matériel utilisé peuvent influer
sur les résultats de l'essai.
2 Références
Éliminer toute poussière ou particule éparse adhérant aux
IS0 383, Verrerie de laboratoire - Assemblages coniques
grains avant l'essai, soit par lavage, soit par soufflage d'air en
rodes interchangeables.
présence de matériaux sensibles à l'humidité.
IS0 385-1, Verrerie de laboratoire - Burettes - Partie I : Spé-
cifications génerales.
6.2 Nombre d'échantillons
IS0 5018, Produits refractaires - Determination de la masse
Prélever au moins trois échantillons d'essai 8 partir de I'échantil-
volumique absolue.
Ion de laboratoire et effectuer une détermination de masse
volumique apparente pour chaque échantillon.
IS0 8656, Produits refractaires - Matières premières et maté-
riaux non façonnes prepares - Echantillonnage. ')
6.3 Taille des 6chantillons
3 Définitions
La taille des échantillons à prélever dépend de la grosseur de
grain et de l'homogénéit6 du matériau soumis à l'essai. Le
Dans le cadre de la presente Norme internationale, les défini-
tableau 1 indique les valeurs recommandées.
tions suivantes sont applicables.
Tableau 1 - Taille des Bchantillons d'essai
1
3.1 masse volumique apparente d'un materiau en
1 Taille des Bchantillons d'essai
grains : Rapport de la masse d'une quantité de matériau par I Grosseur I In\ I
'Y'
de grain
MBthode
rapport au volume total de ses grains, y compris le volume de
Bonne HomogBnBitB
(mm)
tous les pores fermes 8 I'interieur des grains.
homogBnBité médiocre
J
1 O0
pores fermes : Pores qui ne sont pas pénetres par le
3.2
50
liquide dans lequel les grains sont impregnés.
1) Actuellement au stade de projet.
1

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 8840 : 1987 (FI
mercure comme indiqué en 8.4. La pression moyenne exercée
7 Détermination de la masse d’un échantillon
sur les grains sera ainsi de 265 mbar. Peser le pycnomètre et
d‘essai
son contenu B 0,l g près. Puis, toujours sous vide, retirer le
mercure du recipient. Déterminer la quantite de mercure subsis-
Ramener I‘échantillon à une masse constante par séchage dans
tant dans I‘échantillon, en pesant I’échantillon après en avoir
une étuve à 110 ? 5 OC et le refroidir à la température
até le mercure y adhérant et en établissant la différence par rap-
ambiante dans le dessiccateur. Peser I’échantillon à 0,l g près.
port au poids initial de I’échantillon d’essai. Si la masse de mer-
cure restant dans I’échantillon d’essai dépasse 5 YO de la masse
initiale de I‘échantillon, énoncer cette quantité sous la forme
8 Détermination du volume d’un
d’un pourcentage en masse dans le procès-verbal d’essai.
échantillon - Méthode 1 : Méthode au
mercure avec vide
NOTE - C‘est la méthode 1 qui fait foi, compte tenu de sa reproducti-
8.6 Calcul du volume de 1’6chantillon d’essai
bilité et de sa simplicité. Toutefois, le mercure est une substance dan-
gereuse connue, par conséquent la méthode 2 (voir chapitre 9) est
recommandée pour tous les travaux courants.
Si les pesees prévues en 8.4 et 8.5 ont éte effectuées à une
température constante (et donc avec une densité de mercure
constante), le volume, V,, de I’échantillon d‘essai est donné,
8.1 Principe
en millilitres, p
...

ISO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
8840
First edition
1987-09-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
ME>KC\YHAPOaHAR OPTAHkl3AuMR n0 CTAHflAPTM3AL@lM
Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density
of granular materials (grain density)
Ma térlaux ré frac taires - Détermination de la masse volumique apparente des mathriaux en
grains (masse volumique des grains)
Reference number
ISO 8840 : 1987 (E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 8840 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33,
Refractories.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1987 0
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8840 : 1987 (E)
Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density
of granular materials (grain density)
4 Principle
1’ Scope and field of application
Measurement of the volume of a given mass of a granular
This International Standard specifies two methods for the
material by displacement of a liquid.
determination of the bulk density of granular refractory
materials (grain density) having a grain size larger than 2 mm :
- Method 1 : the mercury method with vacuum
5 Sampling
- Method 2 : the arrested water absorption method.
Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 8656 or
with another standard sampling scheme agreed between the
Method 1 is intended as the referee method.
interested parties.
Depending on the nature of the material tested, the two
methods may give different results. Any statement of the value
6 Preparation, number and size of test
of a bulk density shall therefore be accompanied by an indica-
samples
tion of the method used or to be used in case of dispute.
The same method shall be used for the determination of the
6.1 Preparation of samples
volume of the sample, for selecting and preparing the sample,
for calculating the bulk density and for presenting the test
The material to be tested shall consist of fractions or groups of
report.
fractions with grain sizes above 2 mm. Laboratory samples
shall be produced by sieving, after any preliminary comminu-
tion of the material above 5,6 mm grain size. Test results cari be
affected by the comminution technique and the equipment
2 References
used.
ISO 303, Laboratory glassware - fntercbangeabfe conicaf
Any dust or loose particles adhering to the grains shall be
ground joints. removed before testing by washing or, with materials sensitive
to moisture or humidity, by air blowing.
ISO 385-1, Laboratory glassware - Burettes - Part 7 :
General reguirements.
6.2 Number of samples
ISO 5018, Refractory materials - Determination of true density.
Take at least three test samples from the laboratory sample
and carry out one determination of bulk density on each test
ISO 8656, Refractory products - Raw materials and unshaped
sample.
products - Sampling. 1 1
6.3 Size of samples
The size of test samples to be taken depends on the grain size
3 Definitions
and the homogeneity of the material being tested. Recom-
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following mended sizes are shown in table 1.
definitions apply.
Table 1 - Size of test samples
3.1 bulk density of a granular material (grain density) :
Size of test samples
The ratio of the mass of a quantity of the material to the total Grain
(cl)
fraction
Method
volume of its grains, including the volume of any closed pores
Good Poor
(mm)
within the grains.
homogeneity homogeneity
3.2 closed pores : Pores that are not penetrated by a liquid
I 2,0 to 5,6 ’ 2 1 100 50 200 50
in which the grains are immersed.
At present at the stage of draft.
1)

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 8840 : 1987 (El
under vacuum, with mercury as specified in 8.4. This Will give
7 Determination of mass of test sample
an average pressure on the grains of about 265 mbar. Weigh
the pycnometer and contents to the nearest 0,l g. Thereupon,
Dry the test sample to constant mass in the drying oven main-
tained at 110 + 5 OC and allow it to cool to ambient under vacuum, remove the mercury from the vessel. Determine
the amount of mercury still remaining in the test sample by
temperature in the desiccator. Weigh the test sample to the
nearest 0,l g on the balance. weighing the sample after the mercury adhering to it has been
removed and by finding the difference from the original mass of
the test sample. If the mass of mercury remaining in the test
8 Determination of volume of test sample - sample is over 5 % of the original mass of the sample, state the
amount, expressed as a percentage by mass, in the test report.
Method 1 : Mercury method with vacuum
NOTE - Method 1 is preferred as a referee method because of its
reproducibility and simplicity in use. However, mercury is known to be
8.6 Calculation of volume of test sample
a hazardous substance, and therefore method 2 (sec clause 9) is
recommended for all routine purposes.
If the weighings in accordance with 8.4 and 8.5 were made at a
constant temperature (and therefore with a constant mercury
8.1 Principle
density), the volume VR of the test sample is given, in millilitres,
by the equation
Determination of the volume of the test s
...