ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019
(Main)Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats
Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats
This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.
Technologies de l'information — Diffusion en flux adaptatif dynamique sur HTTP (DASH) — Partie 1: Description de la présentation et formats de remise des médias
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats". This standard covers: This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.
This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Amd 1:2015, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Amd 2:2015, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Amd 3:2016, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23009-1
Third edition
2019-08
Information technology — Dynamic
adaptive streaming over HTTP
(DASH) —
Part 1:
Media presentation description and
segment formats
Technologies de l'information — Diffusion en flux adaptatif
dynamique sur HTTP (DASH) —
Partie 1: Description de la présentation et formats de remise des médias
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2019
© ISO/IEC 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .ix
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 6
3.3 Conventions . 8
4 Overview . 8
4.1 System description . 8
4.2 DASH Client model . 9
4.3 DASH data model overview .10
4.4 Protocols .13
4.5 Media stream and Representation properties .14
4.5.1 Switching and Random Access Support .14
4.5.2 Media stream access points .14
4.5.3 Non-overlapping Segments and Subsegments.15
4.5.4 Bitstream concatenation .16
4.6 Brands .16
4.7 Schemes .16
5 Media Presentation .19
5.1 General .19
5.2 Media Presentation Description .19
5.2.1 General.19
5.2.2 Schema.20
5.2.3 Elements and Attributes added in revisions and amendments .21
5.3 Hierarchical data model .22
5.3.1 General.22
5.3.2 Period .27
5.3.3 Adaptation Sets .31
5.3.4 Media content component .42
5.3.5 Representation .44
5.3.6 Sub-Representation .52
5.3.7 Common attributes and elements.53
5.3.8 Subsets .59
5.3.9 Segments and Segment information .60
5.3.10 Label and Group Label .78
5.3.11 Preselection .79
5.4 Media Presentation Description updates .82
5.4.1 General.82
5.4.2 MPD Reset .83
5.5 MPD assembly.83
5.5.1 General.83
5.5.2 Syntax and semantics.83
5.5.3 Processing .84
5.6 Base URL Processing .85
5.6.1 Overview .85
5.6.2 Semantics .85
5.6.3 XML syntax .86
5.6.4 Reference resolution.87
5.6.5 Alternative base URLs .87
5.7 Program information .87
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved iii
5.7.1 Overview .87
5.7.2 Semantics .87
5.7.3 XML syntax .88
5.8 Descriptors .88
5.8.1 General.88
5.8.2 Semantics of generic descriptor .89
5.8.3 XML syntax of generic descriptor .90
5.8.4 Specific descriptors .90
5.8.5 Specific scheme definitions .93
5.9 DASH metrics descriptor .101
5.9.1 Overview .101
5.9.2 Semantics .101
5.9.3 XML syntax .102
5.9.4 Metric reporting .103
5.10 Events .103
5.10.1 Overview .103
5.10.2 MPD Events .103
5.10.3 Inband Event Signalling .106
5.10.4 DASH-specific events .109
5.11 MPD Chaining .112
5.11.1 General.112
5.11.2 Regular Chaining .112
5.11.3 Fallback Chaining .113
6 Segment formats .113
6.1 General .113
6.2 Segment types .114
6.2.1 General.114
6.2.2 Initialization Segment .114
6.2.3 Media Segment .114
6.2.4 Index Segment . .116
6.2.5 Bitstream Switching Segment.116
6.3 Segment formats for ISO base media file format .116
6.3.1 General.116
6.3.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts .116
6.3.3 Initialization Segment format .117
6.3.4 Media Segment types .117
6.3.5 Self-Initializing Media Segment formats .119
6.4 Segment formats for MPEG-2 transport streams .119
6.4.1 General.119
6.4.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts .120
6.4.3 Initialization Segment types and formats .121
6.4.4 Media Segment types and formats .122
6.4.5 Bitstream Switching Segment.122
6.4.6 Index Segment . .123
6.4.7 Boxes used with MPEG-2 TS Index Segments .125
7 Combined semantics of MPD and Segment formats .125
7.1 Overview .125
7.2 General .126
7.2.1 Media Presentation timeline .126
7.2.2 Segment Index . .127
7.2.3 Segment alignment .127
7.2.4 Subsegment alignment .127
7.3 Media Presentation based on the ISO base media file format .127
7.3.1 General.127
7.3.2 Media presentation timeline .128
7.3.3 Authoring Rules for specific MPD attributes .128
7.3.4 Sub-Representations .129
iv © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
7.3.5 Segment Timeline without Segment Index .129
7.4 Media Presentation based on MPEG-2 TS .129
7.4.1 General.129
7.4.2 Media presentation timeline .130
7.4.3 Authoring rules for specific MPD attributes .130
7.4.4 Sub-Representations .131
8 Profiles .131
8.1 Definition .131
8.2 Full profile .133
8.2.1 General.133
8.2.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .133
8.2.3 Segment format constraints .133
8.3 ISO Base media file format On Demand profile .133
8.3.1 General.133
8.3.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .133
8.3.3 Segment format constraints .134
8.4 ISO Base media file format live profile .134
8.4.1 General.134
8.4.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .135
8.4.3 Segment format constraints .135
8.5 ISO Base media file format main profile .136
8.5.1 General.136
8.5.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .136
8.5.3 Segment format constraints .136
8.6 MPEG-2 TS main profile .137
8.6.1 General.137
8.6.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .137
8.6.3 Segment format constraints .137
8.6.4 Comments and recommendations .137
8.7 MPEG-2 TS simple profile .138
8.7.1 General.138
8.7.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .138
8.7.3 Segment format constraints .138
8.7.4 Recommendations .138
8.8 ISO Base media file format extended live profile.139
8.8.1 General.139
8.8.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .139
8.8.3 Segment format constraints .140
8.8.4 Inband Events .140
8.9 ISO Base media file format extended On Demand profile .140
8.9.1 General.140
8.9.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .140
8.9.3 Segment format constraints .141
8.10 ISO Base media file format common profile .142
8.10.1 General.142
8.10.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .142
8.10.3 Segment format constraints .142
8.11 ISO Base media file format broadcast TV profile .142
8.11.1 General.142
8.11.2 Media Presentation Description constraints .143
8.11.3 Segment format constraints .144
8.11.4 MPD Updates and Inband Event Streams .144
Annex A (informative) Example DASH Client behaviour .146
Annex B (normative) MPD schema .154
Annex C (normative) MIME type registration for MPD .155
Annex D (normative) DASH Metrics .159
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved v
Annex E (normative) Byte range requests with regular HTTP GET methods .165
Annex F (informative) Guidelines for extending DASH with other delivery formats .167
Annex G (informative) MPD Examples and MPD Usage.168
Annex H (normative) Spatial Relationship Description .197
Annex I (normative) Flexible Insertion of URL Parameters .208
Annex J (informative) Open GOP resolution change .223
Bibliography .224
vi © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http: //patents .iec .ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Cor.1:2015
and ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014/Cor.2:2015 and the Amendments ISO 23009-1:2014/Amd.1:2015,
ISO 23009-1:2014/Amd.2:2015 and ISO 23009-1:2014/Amd.3:2016. The main changes compared to the
previous edition are as follows:
— signaling a server timing source was added;
— the ability to label different structures with human readable identifiers was included;
— signaling of properly prepared media at Period boundaries for continuous playback across Periods
was added;
— the concept of Preselections was added in order to combine different Adaptation Sets into a single
decoding and user experience;
— the ability to offer segments which are not starting with SAP types 1 or 2, but still provide consistent
random access and switching points on MPD level, including a new profile suitable for Broadcast TV,
was added;
— MPD chaining to enable sequencing MPDs, for example to support pre-roll content to live services,
was added;
— the ability to separate a long on-Demand Asset in multiple Periods, possibly including Periods with
other content such as ads, was added;
— spatial Relationship Description was added to signal the logical combination of multiple Adaptation
Sets into a single experience;
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved vii
— the ability to add URL Parameters to HTTP requests in flexible and interoperable manner was
included.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 23009 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
viii © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) is intended to support a media-streaming model for
delivery of media content in which control lies exclusively with the client. Clients may request data using
the HTTP protocol from standard web servers that have no DASH-specific capabilities. Consequently,
this document focuses not on client or server procedures but on the data formats used to provide a
DASH Media Presentation.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may
involve the use of a patent.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO and IEC that he/she is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO and IEC. Information may
be obtained from:
Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute
161, Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
Intellectual Property Management Team, ETRI
EMBLAZE LTD.
9 1-lamenofim Street
Herzeliya Pituach 46725, Israel P.O.Box 2216
Sony Corporation
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Intel Corporation
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Koninklijke KPN N.V.
Maanplein 55, 2516 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands
Sharp Corporation
2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri-shi, Nara Prefecture 632-8567, Japan
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved ix
Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd Bantian Longgang District
Shenzhen 518129, China
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd
Maetan dong 129, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si,
Gyconggi-do 443-742, Korea Republic
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Hansastr. 27c
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Google Inc.
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Mountain View, CA 94043
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Joensuunkatu 7E, FIN-24100 Salo, Finland
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5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
x © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019(E)
Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming
over HTTP (DASH) —
Part 1:
Media presentation description and segment formats
1 Scope
This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for
dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services
over the Internet.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 13818-1, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio
information — Part 1: Systems
1)
ISO/IEC 14496-12:— , Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base
media file format
ISO/IEC 23001-8, Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent
code points
IETF RFC 1738, Uniform Resource Locators
IETF RFC 2397, The “data” URL scheme
IETF RFC 3629, UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646
IETF RFC 3986:2005, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax
IETF RFC 4122, A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace
IETF RFC 4337, MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4
IETF RFC 4648, The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings
IETF RFC 5234, Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF
IETF RFC 5261, An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch Operations Framework Utilizing XML Path
Language (XPath) Selectors
IETF RFC 5646, Tags for Identifying Languages
IETF RFC 6381:2011, The ′Codecs′ and ′Profiles′ Parameters for “Bucket” Media Types
IETF RFC 6838:2013, Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures
IETF RFC 7231:2014, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/IEC/DIS 14496-12:2017. This document is technically
identical to ISO/IEC 15944-12 (withdrawn).
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 1
IETF RFC 7233:2014, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests
IETF RFC 8141:2017, URN Syntax
HTML 4.01 Specification, W3C Recommendation, 24 December 1999
W3C XLINK, XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.1, W3C Recommendation 06, May 2010
W3C Media Fragments URI 1.0 (basic), W3C Recommendation, 25 September 2012
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
access unit
unit of a media stream (3.1.29) with an assigned Media Presentation time
3.1.2
accessibility
degree to which a media content or certain media content components (3.1.22) are available to as many
people as possible
3.1.3
Adaptation Set
set of interchangeable encoded versions of one or several media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.4
asset
content including media and metadata together with the rights to use the content by the content
provider
3.1.5
associated Representation
Representation (3.1.38) which provides supplemental or descriptive information for at least one other
Representation
3.1.6
available Segment
Segment (3.1.39) that is accessible at its assigned HTTP-URL (3.1.18) and a possibly assigned byte range
that is the request with an HTTP GET results in a reply of the Segment and 2xx status code
3.1.7
Bitstream Switching Segment
Segment (3.1.39) that if present contains essential data to switch to the Representation (3.1.38) it is
assigned to
3.1.8
bundle
set of media components which can be consumed jointly by a single decoder instance
2 © ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved
3.1.9
complementary Representation
Representation (3.1.38) which complements at least one dependent Representation (3.1.13)
3.1.10
continuous media
media with an inherent notion of time
EXAMPLE Speech, audio, video, timed text or timed metadata.
3.1.11
DASH metric
metric computed by the DASH Client and uniquely identified by a key
3.1.12
data URL
URL with a fixed scheme “data”
3.1.13
dependent Representation
Representation (3.1.38) for which Segments (3.1.39) from its complementary Representations (3.1.9) are
necessary for presentation and/or decoding of the contained media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.14
earliest presentation time
smallest presentation time (3.1.36) of any access unit (3.1.1) of a Media Segment (3.1.28) or Subsegment
(3.1.49) for a media stream (3.1.29)
3.1.15
event
aperiodic sparse media-time related auxiliary information to the DASH Client or to an application
3.1.16
event stream
sequence of related events (3.1.15)
3.1.17
group
collection of Adaptation Sets (3.1.3) that are not expected to be presented simultaneously
3.1.18
HTTP-URL
URL with a fixed scheme of “http” or “https”
3.1.19
Index Segment
Segment (3.1.39) that primarily contains indexing information for Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.20
Initialization Segment
Segment (3.1.39) containing metadata that is necessary to present the media streams (3.1.29)
encapsulated in Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.21
media content
single media content period (3.1.24) or contiguous sequence of media content periods
3.1.22
media content component
single continuous component of the media content (3.1.21) with an assigned media content component
type (3.1.23)
© ISO/IEC 2019 – All rights reserved 3
3.1.23
media content component type
single type of media content (3.1.21)
EXAMPLE Audio, video, or text.
3.1.24
media content period
set of media content components (3.1.22) that have a common timeline as well as relationships on how
they can b
...
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