ISO 23316-5

Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high-power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — Part 5: DC operation mode

Titre manque — Partie 5: Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 65.060.10 - Agricultural tractors and trailed vehicles
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 19 - Agricultural electronics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 23/SC 19/WG 9 - Components and electrical systems
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 04-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

ISO/DIS PRF 23316--5:2022(E)
ISO /TC 23/SC 19/WG 9
Secretariat: DIN
Date: 2022-11-172023-08-04
Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical
High Power Interfacehigh-power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
FDIS stage

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
© ISO 20222023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: [e-mail]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . vi
Introduction. vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols . 2
4 System overview . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Operation with single CS . 5
4.3 Operation with MCS . 5
5 DC specification . 11
5.1 Voltage form and quality. 11
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges. 11
5.1.2 Voltage ripple . 11
5.1.3 Continuous DC current . 11
5.1.4 Peak current . 11
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters . 12
5.1.6 Voltage dips and recovery time . 12
5.1.7 Overvoltage protection . 12
5.1.8 Overcurrent protection . 13
5.1.9 System inductance . 15
5.1.10 DC link capacitance . 15
5.1.11 Y-capacitors, parasitic capacitances . 16
5.1.12 DC Link pre-charging . 16
5.2 DC link discharging procedure . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 Connection of MCS . 19
5.3 Compatibility criteria for PS, HPI and load . 19
5.3.1 Block diagram . 19
5.3.2 Value ranges for system components: . 21
5.3.3 Limitations on ripple current . 21
5.3.4 Test methods. 23
5.3.5 Ripple current in case of MCS . 24
5.3.6 Limited operation of source-load(s) combinations with respect to ripple currents . 25
5.3.7 Energy feedback . 25
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
5.3.8 Functional requirements — Energy feedback over time . 25
5.4 Overload protection . 26
Annex A (informative) Estimation methods for DC link film capacitors . 27
Annex B (informative) Technical details . 30
Bibliography . 45

Foreword 4
1 Scope 5
2 Normative references 6
3 Terms and definitions 7
4 System Overview 12
4.1 Operation with single CS 13
4.2 Operation with MCS 14
5 DC specification 18
5.1 Voltage Form and Quality 18
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges 18
5.1.2 Voltage Ripple 19
5.1.3 Continuous DC Current 19
5.1.4 Peak Current 19
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters 20
5.1.6 Voltage dips and Recovery Time 20
5.1.7 Overvoltage Protection 20
5.1.8 Overcurrent Protection 21
5.1.9 System inductance 23
5.1.10 DC link capacitance 23
5.1.11 Y-Capacitors, Parasitic Capacitances 23
5.1.12 DC Link Pre-charging 23
5.2 DC link discharging procedure 25
5.2.1 Connection of MCS 26
5.3 Compatibility Criteria for PS, HPI and Load 26
5.3.1 Block Diagram 26
5.3.2 Value ranges for system components: 27
5.3.3 Limitations on ripple current 28
5.3.4 Test methods 29
5.3.5 Ripple current in case of MCS 30
5.3.6 Limited operation of source-load(s) combinations with respect to ripple currents 31
5.3.7 Energy feedback 31
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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
5.3.8 Functional Requirements - Energy Feedback over Time 32
5.4 Overload protection 32
Annex A (informative) Estimation methods for DC link film capacitors 34
A.1.1 Minimum DC Link System Capacitance34
A.1.1.1 Minimum DC link capacitance (film capacitors) 34
A.1.2 Minimum DC link capacitance: alternative calculation method 34
Annex B (informative) 36
B.1 Calculation of cable inductance 36
B.2 Reforming of electrolytic capacitors 37
B.3 Example: Pre-charge state machine 38
B.4 Simplified circuit diagrams describing various operational modes 39
B.4.1 Normal Operation (connected, no energy feedback) 39
B 4.2 Operation with Energy Feedback by CS 40
B 4.3 Pre-charge Operation 40
B 4.4 “Normal” Discharge Operation (No Emergency Discharge) 41
B 4.5 “Normal“ Discharge Operation (CS only) 42
B4.6 Diagrams containing EMC measures 42
B 4.7 “Sophisticated Model“ 43
B.5 Considerations of Cable Length in a VC-B2 System 44
B.6 DC bus filters 44
B.6.1 Limits on switching frequencies 45
2
B.7 Using the i t value for overload protection 45

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23316 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.

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ISO/PRF 23316-5:2023(E)
Introduction
ISO 23316-1 describes the general purpose and structure of standards in the ISO 23316 series, including
common elements and definitions shared within all parts of the ISO 23316 series.
The purpose of the ISO 23316 series is to provide design and application standards covering
implementation of electrical high power interface with a nominal voltage of
700VDC/480VAC700 VDC/480 VAC for agricultural and forestry machinery.
The ISO 23316 series specifies physical and logical interface requirements that provide interoperability
and cross compatibility for systems and equipment operating at nominal voltages of
700VDC/480VAC700 VDC/480 VAC.
The following are not within the scope of ISO 23316:
— — Serviceservice, maintenance, and related diagnostics;
— — Functionalfunctional safety;
— — Controlcontrol strategies for high power sources and loads;
— — Applicationapplication-specific strategies and operational modes;
— — Componentcomponent design;
— — Energyenergy storage systems, e. g. super-capacitors or batteries;
— — Multiplemultiple electrical power sources supplying a common DC link.
It is permitted for partial systems or components to be compliant to the ISO 23316 series by applying all
applicable requirements, e.g. for the plug, receptacle or inverters, on a tractor or implement.
Note: e.g. ifNOTEIf a DC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with part 4 describing AC-mode,
as it is not applicable. If an AC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with part 5 describing DC-
modethis document, as it is not applicable.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 23316-5:2022(E)

Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical
high -power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to
be useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing
this document using a colour printer
41 Scope
This document specifies measures applicable to the class B2 voltage DC bus of a supply system which is
intended to power detachable electrical CS(s).
— — Electricalelectrical specification of the high power interface
— — Operatingoperating modes (e. g. initialization, normal operation, energy feedback,
connect/disconnect procedures and disconnect in case of malfunction)
— — Communication parameters (basic framework: signals, ranges, units, states of supply system and
CS)
The document contains simplified electrical diagrams showing specific aspects of the required
functionality.
52 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16230--1:2015, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of higher voltage electrical and
electronic components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 23316--1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high -power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 1: General description
ISO 23316--2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 2: Physical interface
ISO 23316--3, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 3: Safety requirements
1
ISO/DIS 23316--6:— , Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power
interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — Part 6: Controls communication

1
 Under preparation. Stage at the date of publication: ISO/DIS 23316-6:2023.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
63 Terms, definitions and symbols
6.13.1 3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23316 series-1, ISO/DIS 23316-
6:— and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
device under test
DUT
single component or combination of components as defined to be tested
[SOURCE: ISO 10605:2008, 3.3]
6.23.2 Symbols
C DC link capacitance PS
DC src
C DC link capacitance CS
DC ld
C Y-Capacitor CS
y ld
Cy src Y-Capacitor PS
Lcab cable inductance
Li src inner source inductance
R inner source resistance
i src
R cable resistance
cab
R contact resistance
cont

m inverter modulation index representing the amplitude of the fundamental output voltage U0
normalized by the DC supply voltage U , so m= U /U
DC 0 DC
⧍U voltage ripple
C DC link capacitor
DC
I peak current
pk
Irms root mean square current
fsw switching frequency
min minimum
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
74 System overview
7.14.1 General


Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
APP Applicationapplication
C Controllercontroller of a device
CDC DC link capacitor
CE Combustion Enginecombustion engine
DCLNK DC link
G Generatorgenerator (as example of an electric power source)
HPI-C High Power Interface - Control
HPI-MC High Power Interface - Master Control
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
INV Inverterinverter (DC/AC converter)
REC Rectifierrectifier (AC/DC power converter)
S Switchswitch (contactor or solid state switch, including pre- and discharge unit)
S-C Switch Controllerswitch controller
T Transmissiontransmission
TC Task Controllertask controller
TIM-C TIM (Tractor Implement Management) Client
TIM-S TIMTractor Implement Management Server
VT Virtual Terminalvirtual terminal (user interface, e.g. display)
I Supplysupply system
II Consumerconsumer system
1 high power interface
2 ISOBUS connector
3 power lines
4 ISOBUS
5 supply system communication bus (e.g. tractor bus)
6 consumer system communication bus (e.g. implement bus)
7 interlock signal
8 feedback signal (by e.g. a sensor)
9 interlock signal line breaker
Solid line
power connection

Dashed
signal / /bus connection
line
Dotted
optional connection
line
Bold solid
defines focus of document
line
Figure 1 — Exemplary system schematics
The system consists at least of an electrical PS with generator and control providing DC power on a DC
link and a CS, which is connected by an HPI and communication line in accordance with ISO/DIS 23316-
6.:—. System schematics are shown in Figure 1.Figure 1.
NOTE 1 Depending on design, for implements a discharge unit can be needed for implements.
The architecture of the load depends upon the specific application and can have any combination of
resistive, inductive and capacitive elements. The common base is the voltage provided by the source (and
specified in the subsequent chapters) and the communication interface according to ISO/DIS 23316-6.:—
. A voltage source can have multiple HPIs.
The minimum VC-B2 system consists of at least one PS and one APP. The VC-B2 system is based on an IT
system. Each implement may contain many different VC-B2 devices.
NOTE 2 Pre-/Discharge procedures, disconnect devices and filters are described in subsequent sections.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
7.34.2 Operation with single CS
At the simplest level, only one CS (e.g. implement) is attached on the supply system (e.g. tractor), where
the PS is located. The single CS can contain one or more independent VC-B2 devices. Such a configuration
is shown in Figure 2Figure 2 and is the basis for the following figures with MCS.


Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G Generator
INV Inverter
REC Rectifier
S Pre- / discharge / disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 2 — Single implement block diagram
7.44.3 Operation with MCS
It is also possible to attach an MCS to a supply system (e.g. tractor). Each can contain one, or more VC-B2
devices. If an MCS is attached to one supply system, each CS needs its own HPI-C. The following
figuresFigures 4 to 6 show some -, but not all possible –, configurations.
The first supply system in the topology (typically located on tractor, or a PTO generator) shall provide
the sum of the power of the connected CS. In case of power/current restrictions due to higher total
demand compared to capabilities, one of these two load balancing options shall be used.
a) 1) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of all other connected combinations.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
b) 2) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of the first supply system connected subsystems
(which consist of several VC-B2 devices).
Figure 3Figure 3 shows a configuration where several CS are attached on supply system, and each has its
own HPI (maximum allowed number of implements in accordance with ISO 11783).

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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)

Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 3 — Configuration with several parallel CS each at a separate connector
Figure 4Figure 4 shows a configuration where a CS is attached on supply system’s front and several CS
are attached on supply system’s rear and each has its own HPI.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)


Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 4 — Configuration with a front CS and several rear CSs each with a separate connector
Figure 5Figure 5 shows a configuration where three CS are attached in series, thus only one tractor HPI
is used and two CS are providing the HPI to the following one.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)




Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 5 — Configuration with three CS in series
Figure 6Figure 6 shows a configuration where series and parallel connection of CSs are combined.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)


Key
ACL AC Loadload (e.g. electric motor)
G Generatorgenerator
INV Inverterinverter
REC Rectifierrectifier
S Pre- / pre-/discharge / /disconnecting device
I Supply Systemsupply system (e.g. tractor)
II Consumer Systemconsumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 6 — Configuration with front CS, a single rear CS and two rear CS in series
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
85 DC specification
8.15.1 Voltage form and quality
8.1.15.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges
For the purposes of this document, the voltage values and ranges given in ISO 23316-1 apply.

8.1.35.1.2 Voltage ripple
8.1.3.15.1.2.1 General
Periodic voltage ripple is generated due to residual incomplete suppression of an alternating wave after
rectification from switching of the inverters used in the PS and loads.
8.1.3.25.1.2.2 Ripple specification for a power source (PS)
For the first PS, ±2 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE If an implement serves as PS, it might not be possible to satisfy this requirement as well.
8.1.3.35.1.2.3 Ripple specification for load(s)
±5 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE 1 Different levels for the PS and loads are defined to avoid exceeding the specified limits in case of DC bus
resonances.
8.1.45.1.3 Continuous DC current
The continuous DC current is the current, which the PS is able to supply.
The maximum continuous DC current is restricted by three limits:
— — Continuouscontinuous current the PS is able to supply, which is I I = P /U
cont cont source cont source nom
(Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current capability–continuous)”.)”;
— — Currentcurrent carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6).);
— — Continuouscontinuous current limitation by the cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and
transferred by the HPI-C (e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS
23316-6::—: “Load current demand– maximum continuous”).
The lowest value of these limits is the maximum current, which can be supplied by the PS continuously.
This is transferred from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current
calculated–continuous”).
8.1.55.1.4 Peak current
Each system part (PS and load) has its own peak current limit. The peak current is the maximum amount
of current which the output is capable of sourcing for brief periods of time. Characterizing values are
amplitude, duration and minimum repetition rate. It mainly depends on the physical limits of the
electrical hardware used (current carrying capability, heat dissipation, etc.).
Applications on implements or attachments can have load variations causing the occurrence of peak
currents. The aim is not to overload the PS, cables and HPI contacts by the load.
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ISO/DISPRF 23316-5:20222023(E)
The maximum peak DC current is restricted by three limits:
— — Peakpeak current the PS is able to supply, which is I peakIpeak source = Ppeak source/Unom (Signal
according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “PC/S current capability–peak”).”);
— — Currentcurrent carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6).);
— — Peakpeak current limitation by cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and transferred by the
HPI-C (e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6::—: “Load
current demand–maximum peak”).
The lowest value of these limits is the peak current, which can be supplied by the PS. This is transferred
from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO 23316-6: “PC/S current calculated–peak”).
The following cases of operation will occur:
a) a. I I > I I → operation possible
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
b) b. I I <= I ≤ I → application specific, if operation possible
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
c) c. I I << I I → use of application is unlikely
peak peak (PS) peak peak (load)
8.1.65.1.5 Current specific communication parameters
To establish communication between supply system and CS, the PS shall send its
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23316-5
First edition
Tractors and machinery for
agriculture and forestry — Electrical
high-power interface 700 V DC / 480 V
AC —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols . 2
4 System overview . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Operation with single CS . 4
4.3 Operation with MCS . 5
5 DC specification. 8
5.1 Voltage form and quality . 8
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges . 8
5.1.2 Voltage ripple . . 8
5.1.3 Continuous DC current . . . 9
5.1.4 Peak current . 9
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters . 10
5.1.6 Voltage dips and recovery time . 10
5.1.7 Overvoltage protection. 10
5.1.8 Overcurrent protection . 10
5.1.9 System inductance .12
5.1.10 DC link capacitance .12
5.1.11 Y-capacitors, parasitic capacitances . 13
5.1.12 DC Link pre-charging . 13
5.2 DC link discharging procedure .15
5.2.1 General .15
5.2.2 Connection of MCS .15
5.3 Compatibility criteria for PS, HPI and load . 16
5.3.1 Block diagram . 16
5.3.2 Value ranges for system components: . 17
5.3.3 Limitations on ripple current . 17
5.3.4 Test methods . 18
5.3.5 Ripple current in case of MCS . 19
5.3.6 Limited operation of source-load(s) combinations with respect to ripple
currents . 20
5.3.7 Energy feedback . . 20
5.3.8 Functional requirements — Energy feedback over time . 21
5.4 Overload protection . 21
Annex A (informative) Estimation methods for DC link film capacitors .22
Annex B (informative) Technical details .24
Bibliography .36
iii
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had received notice of
(a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned
that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database
available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture
and forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics
A list of all parts in the ISO 23316 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Introduction
ISO 23316-1 describes the general purpose and structure of standards in the ISO 23316 series, including
common elements and definitions shared within all parts of the ISO 23316 series.
The purpose of the ISO 23316 series is to provide design and application standards covering
implementation of electrical high power interface with a nominal voltage of 700 VDC/480 VAC for
agricultural and forestry machinery.
The ISO 23316 series specifies physical and logical interface requirements that provide interoperability
and cross compatibility for systems and equipment operating at nominal voltages of 700 VDC/480 VAC.
The following are not within the scope of ISO 23316:
— service, maintenance, and related diagnostics;
— functional safety;
— control strategies for high power sources and loads;
— application-specific strategies and operational modes;
— component design;
— energy storage systems, e. g. super-capacitors or batteries;
— multiple electrical power sources supplying a common DC link.
It is permitted for partial systems or components to be compliant to the ISO 23316 series by applying
all applicable requirements, e.g. for the plug, receptacle or inverters, on a tractor or implement.
NOTE If a DC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with part 4 describing AC-mode, as it
is not applicable. If an AC-mode only HPI is provided, it is not necessary to comply with this document, as it is not
applicable.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Electrical high-power interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC —
Part 5:
DC operation mode
1 Scope
This document specifies measures applicable to the class B2 voltage DC bus of a supply system which is
intended to power detachable electrical CS(s).
— electrical specification of the high power interface
— operating modes (e. g. initialization, normal operation, energy feedback, connect/disconnect
procedures and disconnect in case of malfunction)
— Communication parameters (basic framework: signals, ranges, units, states of supply system and
CS)
The document contains simplified electrical diagrams showing specific aspects of the required
functionality.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16230-1:2015, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of higher voltage electrical and electronic
components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 23316-1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high-power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 1: General description
ISO 23316-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 2: Physical interface
ISO 23316-3, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power interface 700 V
DC / 480 V AC — Part 3: Safety requirements
1)
ISO/DIS 23316-6:— , Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Electrical high power
interface 700 V DC / 480 V AC — Part 6: Controls communication
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23316-1, ISO/DIS 23316-6:—
and the following apply.
1) Under preparation. Stage at the date of publication: ISO/DIS 23316-6:2023.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
device under test
DUT
single component or combination of components as defined to be tested
[SOURCE: ISO 10605:2008, 3.3]
3.2 Symbols
C DC link capacitance PS
DC src
C DC link capacitance CS
DC ld
C Y-Capacitor CS
y ld
C Y-Capacitor PS
y src
L cable inductance
cab
L inner source inductance
i src
R inner source resistance
i src
R cable resistance
cab
R contact resistance
cont
m inverter modulation index representing the amplitude of the fundamental output voltage U
0
normalized by the DC supply voltage U , so m= U /U
DC 0 DC
⧍U voltage ripple
C DC link capacitor
DC
I peak current
pk
I root mean square current
rms
f switching frequency
sw
min minimum
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
4 System overview
4.1 General
Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
APP application
C controller of a device
C DC link capacitor
DC
CE combustion engine
DCLNK DC link
G generator (as example of an electric power source)
HPI-C High Power Interface - Control
HPI-MC High Power Interface - Master Control
INV inverter (DC/AC converter)
REC rectifier (AC/DC power converter)
S switch (contactor or solid state switch, including pre- and discharge unit)
S-C switch controller
T transmission
TC task controller
TIM-C Tractor Implement Management Client
TIM-S Tractor Implement Management Server
VT virtual terminal (user interface, e.g. display)
I supply system
II consumer system
1 high power interface
2 ISOBUS connector
3 power lines
4 ISOBUS
5 supply system communication bus (e.g. tractor bus)
6 consumer system communication bus (e.g. implement bus)
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
7 interlock signal
8 feedback signal (by e.g. a sensor)
9 interlock signal line breaker
power connection
signal/bus connection
optional connection
defines focus of document
Figure 1 — Exemplary system schematics
The system consists at least of an electrical PS with generator and control providing DC power
on a DC link and a CS, which is connected by an HPI and communication line in accordance with
ISO/DIS 23316-6:—. System schematics are shown in Figure 1.
NOTE Depending on design, a discharge unit can be needed for implements.
The architecture of the load depends upon the specific application and can have any combination
of resistive, inductive and capacitive elements. The common base is the voltage provided by the
source (and specified in the subsequent chapters) and the communication interface according to
ISO/DIS 23316-6:—. A voltage source can have multiple HPIs.
The minimum VC-B2 system consists of at least one PS and one APP. The VC-B2 system is based on an IT
system. Each implement may contain many different VC-B2 devices.
4.2 Operation with single CS
At the simplest level, only one CS (e.g. implement) is attached on the supply system (e.g. tractor), where
the PS is located. The single CS can contain one or more independent VC-B2 devices. Such a configuration
is shown in Figure 2 and is the basis for the following figures with MCS.
Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G Generator
INV Inverter
REC Rectifier
S Pre- / discharge / disconnecting device
I supply system (e.g. tractor)
II consumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 2 — Single implement block diagram
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
4.3 Operation with MCS
It is also possible to attach an MCS to a supply system (e.g. tractor). Each can contain one, or more VC-B2
devices. If an MCS is attached to one supply system, each CS needs its own HPI-C. Figures 4 to 6 show
some, but not all possible, configurations.
The first supply system in the topology (typically located on tractor, or a PTO generator) shall provide
the sum of the power of the connected CS. In case of power/current restrictions due to higher total
demand compared to capabilities, one of these two load balancing options shall be used.
a) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of all other connected combinations.
b) The HPI-MC shall control the power distribution of the first supply system connected subsystems
(which consist of several VC-B2 devices).
Figure 3 shows a configuration where several CS are attached on supply system, and each has its own
HPI (maximum allowed number of implements in accordance with ISO 11783).
Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
G generator
INV inverter
REC rectifier
S pre-/discharge/disconnecting device
I supply system (e.g. tractor)
II consumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 3 — Configuration with several parallel CS each at a separate connector
Figure 4 shows a configuration where a CS is attached on supply system’s front and several CS are
attached on supply system’s rear and each has its own HPI.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Key
ACL AC Load (e.g. electric motor)
G generator
INV inverter
REC rectifier
S pre-/discharge/disconnecting device
I supply system (e.g. tractor)
II consumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 4 — Configuration with a front CS and several rear CSs each with a separate connector
Figure 5 shows a configuration where three CS are attached in series, thus only one tractor HPI is used
and two CS are providing the HPI to the following one.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
G generator
INV inverter
REC rectifier
S pre-/discharge/disconnecting device
I supply system (e.g. tractor)
II consumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 5 — Configuration with three CS in series
Figure 6 shows a configuration where series and parallel connection of CSs are combined.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
Key
ACL AC load (e.g. electric motor)
G generator
INV inverter
REC rectifier
S pre-/discharge/disconnecting device
I supply system (e.g. tractor)
II consumer system (e.g. implement)
1 high power interface
Figure 6 — Configuration with front CS, a single rear CS and two rear CS in series
5 DC specification
5.1 Voltage form and quality
5.1.1 System voltage: values and ranges
For the purposes of this document, the voltage values and ranges given in ISO 23316-1 apply.
5.1.2 Voltage ripple
5.1.2.1 General
Periodic voltage ripple is generated due to residual incomplete suppression of an alternating wave after
rectification from switching of the inverters used in the PS and loads.
5.1.2.2 Ripple specification for a power source (PS)
For the first PS, ±2 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE If an implement serves as PS, it might not be possible to satisfy this requirement as well.
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
5.1.2.3 Ripple specification for load(s)
±5 % of the nominal voltage shall not be exceeded.
NOTE Different levels for the PS and loads are defined to avoid exceeding the specified limits in case of DC
bus resonances.
5.1.3 Continuous DC current
The continuous DC current is the current, which the PS is able to supply.
The maximum continuous DC current is restricted by three limits:
— continuous current the PS is able to supply, which is I = P /U (Signal according
cont source cont source nom
to ISO/DIS 23316-6:—: “PC/S current capability–continuous)”;
— current carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6);
— continuous current limitation by the cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and transferred
by the HPI-C (e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6:—:
“Load current demand– maximum continuous”).
The lowest value of these limits is the maximum current, which can be supplied by the PS continuously.
This is transferred from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6:—: “PC/S current
calculated–continuous”).
5.1.4 Peak current
Each system part (PS and load) has its own peak current limit. The peak current is the maximum
amount of current which the output is capable of sourcing for brief periods of time. Characterizing
values are amplitude, duration and minimum repetition rate. It mainly depends on the physical limits of
the electrical hardware used (current carrying capability, heat dissipation, etc.).
Applications on implements or attachments can have load variations causing the occurrence of peak
currents. The aim is not to overload the PS, cables and HPI contacts by the load.
The maximum peak DC current is restricted by three limits:
— peak current the PS is able to supply, which is I = P /U (Signal according to
peak source peak source nom
ISO/DIS 23316-6:—: “PC/S current capability–peak”);
— current carrying capability of the HPI (as defined in ISO 23316-2:2023, 4.5.6);
— peak current limitation by cable cross section from HPI to CS, defined and transferred by the HPI-C
(e.g. implement) to the HPI-MC (e.g. tractor) (Signal according to ISO/DIS 23316-6:—: “Load current
demand–maximum peak”).
The lowest value of these limits is the peak current, which can be supplied by the PS. This is transferred
from the HPI-MC to the HPI-C (Signal according to ISO 23316-6: “PC/S current calculated–peak”).
The following cases of operation will occur:
a) I > I → operation possible
peak (PS) peak (load)
b) I ≤ I → application specific, if operation possible
peak (PS) peak (load)
c) I << I → use of application is unlikely
peak (PS) peak (load)
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
5.1.5 Current specific communication parameters
To establish communication between supply system and CS, the PS shall send its specific continuous
and peak current limits as defined in ISO/DIS 23316-6:—.
NOTE 1 The CS decides with respect to the specific application, if normal or restricted operation is possible.
NOTE 2 In case of multiple HPIs, the operator shall decide if the operation makes sense.
5.1.6 Voltage dips and recovery time
Voltage dips are the temporary deviation of the DC bus voltage from its normal value. It does not include
the periodic ripple.
If the current requested by a CS exceeds the maximum current supply capability of the PS for a limited
time period, the voltage will dip. Alternatively, if the CS is characterized by a rapidly changing rate of
the requested power (dimension: kW/s) the source voltage may dip. Recovery time is determined by
peak current capability/request of PS and load and their control loop responses.
Communication between supply system and CS during initialization shall be in accordance with
ISO/DIS 23316-6:—. First, the PS shall provide its system limits. With this information the CS shall
decide whether normal, restricted or no operation is possible (application specific).
5.1.7 Overvoltage protection
5.1.7.1 Operational states leading to overvoltage in the DC system
Overvoltage can be caused by the following events:
— Energy feedback from load to PS. For more details refer to 5.3.7 “energy feedback”).
— Energy surplus in the DC link circuit (energy coming from both sides)
— Oscillations between components on the DC link circuit
5.1.7.2 Functional requirements
Measures to avoid overvoltage shall be taken on the PS and may additionally be taken on the CS to limit
the voltage to a level as defined in ISO 23316-1. Details are defined in 5.3.7.
Depending on the amount of the expected overvoltage, one or more of the following measures shall be
taken:
— dissipating energy by brake chopper;
— storing surplus energy in appropriate devices (e.g. capacitor, battery, flywheel storage);
— cutting off the system from supplies;
— feeding back energy to energy source, e.g. diesel engine.
5.1.8 Overcurrent protection
5.1.8.1 Operational states leading to overcurrent in the DC system
Overcurrent can be caused by the following events:
— power requirement of the load exceeds the maximum available power (of the PS);
— high energy feedback from load to PS;
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ISO 23316-5:2023(E)
— system malfunctions (e. g. short-circuits on PS or load).
5.1.8.2 Continuous and peak current on PS and CS
The maximum current, which is expected, refers to the installed power each on PS (tractor) and CS
(implement). Thus, PS and CS(s) have their own current carrying capability, which shall not be exceeded
in order to protect their own devices (e.g. cables, connectors, switches, etc.). In the connected DC-
system, a continuous current and a peak current for the system are defined. They are determined by
the PS and depend on the maximum power the PS is able to provide. The continuous current which can
be transferred by the HPI as a maximum is a limit which shall not be exceeded (see ISO 23316-2). These
figures are absolute system limits.
5.1.8.3 Requirements
5.1.8.3.1 General
Each unit (PS or load) connected to the DC link circuit shall prevent the current exceeding the maximum
permitted value for itself.
Devices to prevent from overcurrent shall be one of the following:
— fuses;
— circuit breakers;
— switches (e.g. relays).
NOTE The situation can be compared with a standard grid application: Incoming lines to a house are fused
with higher current values than separate rooms or special equipment within a house.
5.1.8.3.2 PS current less than load current
This applies if the current provided by the PS is less than the maximum which can be consumed by the
load I <= I .
max (PS) max (load)
This is a special situation. If the tractor-implement combination is allowed to work (to be handled
during initial communication; application specific, see ISO/DIS 23316-6:—), the maximum power on
load side shall be limited to a value so that the maximum current of PS is not exceeded. Otherwise the
operation of this specific
...