ISO 13847:2000
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Welding of pipelines
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Welding of pipelines
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Conduites pour systèmes de transport — Soudage des conduites
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13847
First edition
2000-09-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Pipeline transportation systems — Welding
of pipelines
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Conduites pour systèmes de
transport — Soudage des conduites
Reference number
ISO 13847:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .4
5 Welding procedure specification testing and approval.5
6 Approval and testing of welders and welding operators.20
7 Production welding .23
8 Non-destructive examination .29
9 Acceptance criteria for non-destructive examination.35
10 Repair and removal of defects .39
11 Documentation.40
Annex A (informative) Hyperbaric welding.41
Annex B (informative) Special requirements for welding of CRA-clad steel and CRA pipelines .43
Annex C (informative) Recommendations for brazing and aluminothermic welding of anode leads.45
Annex D (informative) Examples of NDE examination reports.46
Bibliography.50
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 13847 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and
offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline transportation systems.
Annexes A, B, C and D of this International Standard are for information only.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Introduction
Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for
individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a contractor from offering, or the
company from accepting, alternative engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly
applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the manufacturer
should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13847:2000(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation
systems — Welding of pipelines
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for producing and inspecting girth, branch and fillet welds in
the pipeline part of pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries meeting the
requirements of ISO 13623.
This International Standard is applicable to the requirements for welding of carbon and low-alloy steel pipes.
Application is restricted to pipes with a diameter of 20 mm and larger and wall thickness of 3 mm or more, and a
specified minimum yield strength of 555 MPa or less. It is also applicable to welding into pipelines, items such as
spools, risers, launchers/receivers, fittings, flanges and “pups” to pipeline valves.
The welding processes covered are shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding,
flux-cored arc welding with and without shielding gas, and submerged arc welding.
This International Standard is not applicable to flash girth welding, resistance welding, solid-phase welding or other
one-shot welding processes, nor to longitudinal welds in pipe or fittings, to “hot-tap” welding of pipelines in service
or to the welding of process piping outside of the scope of ISO 13623.
NOTE Additional requirements may be necessary for welding of pipeline for particular pipeline operating conditions. These
can include limitations on maximum hardness or strength, minimum impact toughness values, crack tip-opening displacement,
all weld metal tensile testing or bend testing, thermal stress relief or others. Where appropriate, these additional requirements
should be added to the requirements of this International Standard in a project-specific supplement.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1)
ISO 148:1983 ,Steel — Charpy impact test (V-notch).
ISO 857-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: Metal welding processes.
ISO 1106-3:1984, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints — Part 3: Fusion
welded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness.
ISO 3452:1984, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — General principles.
ISO 3453:1984, Non-destructive testing — Liquid penetrant inspection — Means of verification.
ISO 4136:1989, Fusion-welded butt joints in steel — Transverse tensile test.
1) To be replaced by ISO 148-1:— (to be published), ISO 148-2:1998 and ISO 148-3:1998.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
ISO 5173, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend test.
ISO 6507-1:1997, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method.
ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials —
Part 1: Fusion welding.
ISO 6947:1990, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation.
ISO 7963:1985, Welds in steel — Calibration block No. 2 for ultrasonic examination of welds.
ISO 9712:1999, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of personnel.
ISO 9935:1992, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant flaw detectors — General technical requirements.
ISO 9956-2:1995, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 2: Welding
procedure specification for arc welding.
ISO 9956-3:1995, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 3: Welding
procedure tests for arc welding of steels.
ISO 10474:1991, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents.
ISO 13623:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems.
ISO 14732:1998, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance
weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
2)
EN 876:1995 , Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion
welded joints.
EN 1043-1:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness test on
arc welded joints.
EN 1321:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of
welds.
3)
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V:1998, Nondestructive examination.
4)
AWS A5.01-93:1993 , Filler metal procurement guidelines.
AWS C5.3-91:1991, Recommended practices for air carbon arc gouging and cutting.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1, ISO 6520-1 and the
following apply.
3.1
approved welder
welder who has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard
2) CEN, European Committee for Standardization, Management Centre, Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
3) American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA.
4) The American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126, USA.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
3.2
approved welding operator
welding operator who has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard
3.3
approved welding procedure specification
welding procedure specification which has been approved in accordance with the requirements of this International
Standard
[ISO 9956-1:1995]
3.4
arc energy
product of welding voltage and current divided by travel speed of welding
NOTE The often-used term “heat input” is more correctly the arc energy modified by an arc efficiency factor.
3.5
by agreement
agreed between the company and the contractor
3.6
company
owner company or the engineering agency in charge of construction
NOTE The company may act through an inspector or other authorized representative. The company may also be the
contractor in some instances.
3.7
contractor
entity that actually performs the work covered by this International Standard
3.8
girth weld
circumferential butt weld in pipe
3.9
internal repair
repair of the root pass from inside the pipe
3.10
mechanized welding
welding process in which the welding parameters and torch guidance are controlled mechanically or electronically
but may be manually varied during welding to maintain the required welding conditions
3.11
one-shot welding process
process characterized by fusion or metallic bonding being induced around the entire circumference of the pipe
simultaneously
EXAMPLES Flash welding, friction welding or pressure welding.
3.12
penumbra
shadow produced on a radiographic image when the incident radiation is partially, but not wholly, cut off by an
intervening body
NOTE It is the region of geometric unsharpness around the image of an indication.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
3.13
roll welding
welding process in which two pipes are abutted in a horizontal position and rotated while one or more welding
passes are deposited between previously prepared bevels on the abutting ends
3.14
test piece
welded assembly prepared for the purpose of approving a welding procedure specification, welder or welding
operator
3.15
welder
person who holds and manipulates the electrode holder, welding gun, torch or blowpipe by hand
[ISO 9606-1:1994/Amd.1:1998]
3.16
weld repair
process of correcting a defect that is discovered after the weld has been completed and submitted for inspection
NOTE The repair may involve complete removal of a cylinder of pipe or removal of a localized area by grinding or other
means followed by additional welding.
3.17
welding operator
person who performs mechanized and/or automatic welding
[ISO 14732:1998]
3.18
welding procedure
specific course of action to be followed in making a weld, including reference to materials, preparation, preheating
(if necessary), method and control of welding and post-weld heat treatment (if necessary) and equipment to be
used
[ISO 9956-1:1995]
3.19
welding procedure specification
WPS
document providing the required variables for a specific welding procedure
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
AWT All-weld-metal tensile test
CE Carbon equivalent
CRA Corrosion-resistant alloy
CTOD Crack tip opening displacement
DAC Distance amplitude correction
ECA Engineering critical assessment
GMAW Gas metal arc welding (Process ISO 4063-13)
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
GSFCAW Gas-shielded flux-cored arc welding (Processes ISO 4063-136, 137)
GTAW Gas tungsten arc welding (Process ISO 4063-141)
HAZ Heat-affected zone
HV Vickers hardness
IQI Image quality indicator
LPE Liquid penetrant examination
MPE Magnetic particle examination
NDE Non-destructive examination
OD Outside diameter of pipe
P Cracking compositional parameter
cm
PWHT Post-weld heat treatment
r Nominal internal radius
SAW Submerged arc welding (Process ISO 4063-12)
SMAW Shielded metal arc welding (Process ISO 4063-111)
SMYS Specified minimum yield strength
SSFCAW Self-shielded flux-cored arc welding (Process ISO 4063-114)
t Wall thickness
UE Ultrasonic examination
VE Visual examination
WPS Welding procedure specification
5 Welding procedure specification testing and approval
5.1 General
For approval of a WPS, test pieces shall be welded, inspected and tested in accordance with ISO 9956-3 and 5.3
and 5.4 of this International Standard.
A WPS shall be deemed to be approved only if all the requirements for approval specified in this International
Standard and the supplementary requirements specified by the company have been met.
An inspector accepted by the company shall witness the welding and testing of the test pieces for the approval of a
WPS.
Prior to the start of production welding, the contractor shall submit to the company for agreement either the
preliminary WPS(s) to be approved, or the WPS(s) already approved, in accordance with this International
Standard. This process may be omitted when the company has supplied the contractor with an appropriately
approved WPS.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Test pieces should be welded using project-specific materials.
5.2 Welding procedure specification
The WPS shall incorporate the technical contents specified in ISO 9956-2, in 5.6 of this International Standard and,
when applicable, the following:
� steel grade and supply condition;
EXAMPLES Normalized, quenched and tempered, cold-formed and thermomechanically processed, normalizing formed.
� number and location of welders;
� time lapse between start of root pass and start of second (hot) pass;
� type of line-up clamp or tack welding;
� preheating procedure;
� extent of welding required before removal of line-up clamp or other line-up device;
� part of weld to be completed before joint is permitted to cool to ambient temperature;
� method for control of cooling;
� part of weld to be completed before lowering off, i.e. from side boom to pipe support, or barge move-up;
� action required for partially completed welds.
The company may require information on the method used for NDE of test welds to be documented.
Where the intended installation and/or service application of the welded pipeline involves significant plastic strain,
such as during pipe-reeling or J-tube installation, the use of documented strain-ageing data and/or supplementary
testing should be considered to demonstrate adequate evidence of strain-ageing resistance.
Weldability tests may be required to provide the necessary information for the selection of welding variables for a
WPS.
All relevant welding parameters and variables shall be specified individually in accordance with ISO 9956-2 if a
previously approved WPS is offered to the company for agreement.
NOTE For steel grades with increased susceptibility to delayed hydrogen cracking due to welding, such as with a SMYS of
555 MPa or higher, the WPS may be designed to prevent such cracking from occurring. The welding of these grades of pipe
may also require the use of low hydrogen processes, PWHT, and a delay period prior to inspection.
5.3 Welding of test piece
5.3.1 Preliminary WPS
The preparation for and welding of test pieces shall be carried out in accordance with a documented preliminary
WPS.
5.3.2 Test welding conditions
Test pieces should be welded under conditions that simulate those of the site production location (see 7.3 and 7.4).
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
5.3.3 Welding position
Welding positions and limitations for the angle of slope and rotation of the test piece shall be in accordance with
ISO 6947.
5.3.4 Tack welds
Test pieces shall be tack-welded only if tack welding is necessary during production welding.
5.3.5 Shape and dimensions of test pieces
5.3.5.1 Girth welds
Test pieces for the approval of a WPS for girth welding shall be made by joining pipes with a minimum length of
one diameter or 300 mm, whichever is greater. Certain situations may require the use of full pipelengths.
5.3.5.2 Branch connections and fillet welds
Test pieces for the approval of a WPS for welding branch connections or fillet welds shall be of the shape and
dimensions specified in ISO 9956-3.
5.3.5.3 Welds between different materials
Test pieces may be welded for the approval of a WPS from two different materials, provided the test pieces can
provide sufficient material for all the testing required for each material.
EXAMPLE A weld between pipe and a forged flange is subjected to appropriate mechanical testing on both sides of the weld.
5.4 Inspection and testing of test pieces
5.4.1 Scope of inspection and testing
The extent of inspection and testing of test pieces for the approval of a WPS for girth welding shall be in
accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Inspection and testing of the test pieces for girth welding
Type of inspection/test Extent of inspection/testing
Visual 100 %
a
100 %
Radiographic
Transverse tensile test 2 specimens
b
2 sets for tu 20 mm
Impact test
4 sets for t� 20 mm
c
1 specimen
Macro-examination and hardness test
d
by agreement
All-weld-metal tensile test
a
This may be supplemented by UE by agreement.
b
Tests may not be required for pipe with tu12 mm or with SMYS < 360 MPa.
c
The company may decide that, for material with SMYS < 420 MPa, hardness testing is not
necessary.
d
Optional requirement to confirm overmatching of the yield strength of the weld metal.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
The extent of inspection and testing of test pieces for the approval of a WPS for fillet and branch welds shall be
established by agreement.
5.4.2 Non-destructive examination
All test pieces shall be examined visually and non-destructively in accordance with clause 8 following any required
PWHT and prior to cutting of the test specimens.
Test welds for the approval of a WPS for shop welding shall be subjected to NDE no sooner than 24 h after
completion of welding.
The NDE shall be reported in accordance with clause 8 and the results shall meet the acceptance criteria in
clause 9.
5.4.3 Destructive testing — Girth welding
5.4.3.1 Cutting of test specimens
Test specimens shall be taken from test pieces which have met the acceptance criteria for NDE. Test pieces which
fail to meet these criteria shall be disregarded for destructive testing for WPS approval.
Test specimens may be taken from locations free of acceptable imperfections revealed by NDE.
Locations of test specimens for fixed horizontal-position welding and fixed vertical-position welding should be in
accordance with Figures 1 and 2. Locations of test specimens for roll welding may be selected from Figure 1 or
Figure 2.
Key:
1 Area1for:
— 1 tensile specimen
2 Area2for:
— Impact and additional test
specimens if required
3 Area3for:
— 1 tensile specimen
4 Area4for:
— 1 macro test specimen
— 1 hardness test specimen
5 Area5for:
— AWT specimens
6 Top for fixed pipe
Figure 1 — Location of test specimens for a fixed-position girth weld in pipe for upwards welding
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Key:
1 Area1for:
— 1 tensile specimen
2 Area2for:
— 1macro test specimen
— 1 hardness test specimen
3 Area3for:
— 1 tensile specimen
4 Area4for:
— Impact and additional test
specimens if required
5 Area5for:
— AWT specimens
6 Top for fixed pipe
Figure 2 — Location of test specimens for a fixed-position girth weld in pipe for downwards welding
5.4.3.2 Degassing of test specimens
By agreement, and only for welds made using cellulosic-coated electrodes, test specimens may be degassed by
heat treatment at 250 °Cfor aperiodnotexceeding10h.
5.4.3.3 Test temperature
Destructive testing shall be performed at ambient temperature except for impact testing (see 5.4.3.5) or CTOD
testing. For design-service temperatures greater than 75 �C, consideration should be given to performing elevated-
temperature tensile tests.
5.4.3.4 Transverse tensile testing
Transverse tensile specimens shall be prepared and tested in accordance with ISO 4136.
For pipes greater than 50 mm OD, the weld reinforcement shall be removed on both faces of the specimen.
Removal of the reinforcement is not required for specimens from pipe with an OD of 50 mm or less.
When testing full-section small-diameter pipes, the weld reinforcement may be left undressed on the inside surface
of the pipe if removal of the reinforcement is not possible.
Specimens shall fail in the pipe or the weld metal at the specified minimum tensile strength or higher or in the pipe
metal outside the weld or fusion zone at a stress of 95 % of the specified minimum tensile strength or higher.
Failure of specimens outside the weld or fusion zone at less than 95 % of the specified minimum tensile strength
may be an indication of a base material deficiency, and an equal number of additional specimens shall be cut from
the same test joint for tensile testing. These additional specimens shall fail at the specified minimum tensile
strength or higher.
If any of the additional specimens break outside the weld or fusion zone below the tensile strength stated, the pipe
shall be considered suspect, and its physical properties investigated and confirmed to meet specified values before
continuing with test welding for WPS approval.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
5.4.3.5 Impact testing
Charpy V-notch specimens shall be sampled from 1 mm to 2 mm below the surface of the parent metal and
tranverse to the weld direction, as indicated in Figure 3. Full-size Charpy specimens shall be utilized where pipe
wall thickness permits.
For each location indicated in Figure 3, a single impact test set shall comprise three test specimens.
For weld metal tests, the specimen notch shall be at the weld centreline. For HAZ tests the notch shall be located
with the HAZ-weld fusion line through the centreline of the vertical V-notch.
Specimen dimensions and test procedure shall be in accordance with ISO 148. The test temperature shall be the
minimum design temperature.
The results of full-size specimen impact testing for welds in pipe with a wall thickness of 25 mm or less shall meet
the following requirements.
a) The average value for each set of Charpy V-notch specimens shall not be less than 40 J.
b) The minimum individual value for a maximum of one specimen of the three shall not be less than 30 J.
The above impact energy value requirements may be reduced pro rata for sub-size specimens.
By agreement, for welds in pipe with a wall thickness in excess of 25 mm, higher impact energy values or CTOD
testing may be specified.
5.4.3.6 Macro-examination
Specimens and method of macro-examination for the approval of a WPS shall be in accordance with EN 1321.
For PG, PF, H-L045 and J-L045 welding positions (see Figure 4), one specimen shall be taken at a location
corresponding approximately to the 3 o’clock position and one specimen corresponding approximately to the
6o’clock position.
The specimens shall be free from cracks and lack of fusion. Any other imperfections shall be within the limits
specified in clause 9.
5.4.3.7 Hardness testing
Hardness testing shall be in accordance with ISO 6507-1 using the Vickers method with a test force of 98,07 N.
NOTE A test force of 49,03 N may be necessary for the narrow heat-affected zone in some welds made with mechanized
or automatic processes.
Hardness shall be measured and recorded in rows across the weld metal, the HAZ and the parent metal as
indicated in EN 1043-1. For the HAZ, the first indentation shall be made as close as possible to the fusion line. The
precise locations of each row shall be by agreement.
The results from hardness testing shall meet the requirements given in Table 2. By agreement, retesting is
permitted only in the event that a single hardness value exceeds the maximum allowable values of Table 2.
Parent material hardness results shall be for information only.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Notch location: Weld metal root
Notch location: HAZ root
a) Wall thicknessuuuu 20 mm
Notch location: Weld metal
Notch location: HAZ
Notch location: Weld metal root
Notch location: HAZ root
b) Wall thickness > 20 mm
Figure 3 — Position of Charpy V-notch specimens
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
PA pipe: rotating PG pipe: fixed
axis: horizontal axis: horizontal
weld: flat weld: vertical downward
PF pipe: fixed PC pipe: fixed
axis: horizontal axis: vertical
weld: vertical upward weld: horizontal
H-L045 pipe: fixed J-L045 pipe: fixed
axis: inclined axis: inclined
weld: upward weld: downward
Figure 4 — Welding positions (ISO 6947)
Table 2 — Permissible maximum hardness values
Weld metal HAZ
HV HV
Hardness location
10 10
Root Cover Root Cover
a
Sour service and all welding processes:
tu 9,5 mm 250 275 250 275
t � 9,5 mm 250 275 250 300
Non-sour service and all thicknesses:
Manual welding cellulosic electrodes 275 275 275 325
Other welding processes 275 275 350 350
a
The company shall specify when sour service requirements are to apply.
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ISO 13847:2000(E)
5.4.3.8 All-weld-metal tensile testing
When required by the company, test specimens for AWT shall be prepared and
...
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