ISO 4210-7:2023

Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods

This document specifies wheel and rim test methods for ISO 4210‑2.

Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes — Partie 7: Méthodes d'essai des roues et des jantes

Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d'essai des roues et des jantes pour l'ISO 4210-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Jan-2023
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 149/SC 1 - Cycles and major sub-assemblies
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 149/SC 1/WG 13 - Revision of the series of ISO 4210:2014 and ISO 8098:2014
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 11-Jan-2023
• Due Date: 12-Sep-2022
• Completion Date: 11-Jan-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 4210-7:2014 - Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Overview

ISO 4210-7:2023 - "Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods" specifies standardized wheel and rim test methods used to support ISO 4210‑2 requirements for bicycle safety. This second edition (2023) updates and expands the test suite for modern wheel systems (including composite rims) and provides repeatable procedures for evaluating strength, durability and safety of wheel and tyre assemblies.

Key SEO keywords: ISO 4210-7:2023, wheel and rim test methods, bicycle safety, rotational accuracy, composite rims, wheel testing.

Key topics and technical requirements

The document defines laboratory test procedures and measurable acceptance conditions. Major test methods include:

• Rotational accuracy - measurement of axial (lateral) and radial (concentricity) run-out on fully assembled wheels; tyres are usually inflated to maximum rated pressure for measurement.
• Static strength test - application of a defined static force to the rim (see published force values by bicycle type) for 1 minute, with pre‑load and settling checks.
• Wheel retention device test - 2 300 N symmetric force applied to axle ends to assess retention security.
• Greenhouse effect test (composite wheels) - wheel and tyre assembly conditioned in a climate chamber at 80 °C for 4 h, then cooled and re-measured for width/run-out changes.
• Heat‑resistance test for composite rims used with rim brakes - energy‑based brake test (25 Wh target) at ~25 km/h over ~3 minutes, followed by dimensional checks to verify rim integrity.
• Impact test - radial impact of approximately 40 J (±2 J) against rim between spokes using specified pad and striker geometry.
• Overpressure test - inflation to 110% of the lesser of max tyre pressure or max wheel pressure and held for at least 5 minutes.
• Fatigue test (informative, city/trekking rims) - cyclic impacts (640 N radial load, 25 km/h surface speed) to deliver 750,000 impacts to assess long‑term durability.

All procedures reference ISO 4210‑1, ‑2, ‑3 and ‑4 for terminology, requirements and common test methods.

Applications

• Product design verification and development of bicycle wheels and rims (aluminium, alloy, composite).
• Quality assurance and production testing to ensure compliance with ISO 4210 safety requirements.
• Third‑party safety testing and certification for market access.
• Failure analysis and benchmarking of wheel systems under controlled laboratory conditions.

Who uses this standard

• Bicycle manufacturers and component suppliers
• Test laboratories and certification bodies
• R&D engineers, safety and compliance teams
• Regulatory authorities and standards committees

Related standards

• ISO 4210-1: Vocabulary
• ISO 4210-2: Requirements for bicycle categories (city/trekking, mountain, racing, young adult)
• ISO 4210-3: Common test methods
• ISO 4210-4: Braking test methods

Using ISO 4210-7:2023 helps ensure consistent, repeatable assessment of wheel and rim safety - essential for reliable bicycle performance and regulatory compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4210-7
Second edition
2023-01
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles —
Part 7:
Wheel and rim test methods
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes —
Partie 7: Méthodes d'essai des roues et des jantes
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test methods . 1
4.1 Wheel and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy . 1
4.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Static strength test — Test method . 3
4.3 Wheels — Front/rear wheel retention devices secured — Test method . 4
4.4 Wheel and tyre assembly — Greenhouse effect test for composite wheels — Test
method . 4
4.5 Wheel and tyre assembly — Heat-resistance test for composite rims used in
conjunction with rim brake . 5
4.6 Wheel — Impact test — Test method . 6
4.7 Wheel and tyre assembly — Overpressure test — Test method . 7
4.7.1 Wheel and tyre assembly preparation . 7
4.7.2 Test method . 8
Annex A (informative) Wheel and tyre assembly — Fatigue test for city and trekking
bicycles . 9
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4210-7:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— addition of 4.5;
— addition of 4.6;
— addition of 4.7.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4210 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout the world, and the aim has been
to ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with this document will be as safe as is practically
possible. The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well
as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects
from the design stage onwards.
The scope has been limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
If the bicycle should be used on public roads, national regulations apply.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4210-7:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —
Part 7:
Wheel and rim test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies wheel and rim test methods for ISO 4210-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4210-1, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 4210-2:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
ISO 4210-3:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 3: Common test methods
ISO 4210-4:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4210-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Test methods
4.1 Wheel and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy
The run-out tolerances represent the maximum variation of the position of the rim when measured
perpendicular to the axle at a suitable point along the rim (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) (i.e. full indicator
reading) of a fully assembled and adjusted wheel during one complete revolution about the axle without
axial movement. Both sides of the rim shall be measured and the maximum value shall be taken as
result.
For city and trekking, mountain, and young adult bicycles, the measurement of both axial run-out
(lateral) and radial run-out (concentricity) shall be done with a tyre fitted and inflated to the maximum
inflation pressure, but for rims where concentricity c
...