ISO 16708:2006
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Reliability-based limit state methods
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Reliability-based limit state methods
ISO 16708:2006 specifies the functional requirements and principles for design, operation and re-qualification of pipelines in the petroleum and natural gas industries using reliability based limit state methods as permitted by ISO 13623. Reliability-based limit state methods provide a systematic way to predict pipeline safety in design and operation. ISO 16708:2006 supplements ISO 13623 and can be used in cases where ISO 13623 does not provide specific guidance and where limit states methods can be applied, such as, but not limited to - qualification of new concepts, e.g. when new technology is applied or for design scenarios where industry experience is limited, - re-qualification of the pipeline due to a changed design basis, such as service-life extension, which can include reduced uncertainties due to improved integrity monitoring and operational experience, - collapse under external pressure in deep water, - extreme loads, such as seismic loads (e.g. at a fault crossing), ice loads (e.g. by impact from ice keels), - situations where strain-based criteria can be appropriate. ISO 16708:2006 applies to rigid metallic pipelines on-land and offshore used in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport par conduites — Méthodes aux états-limites basées sur la fiabilité
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16708
First edition
2006-04-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Pipeline transportation systems —
Reliability-based limit state methods
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport par
conduites — Méthodes aux états-limites basées sur la fiabilité
Reference number
©
ISO 2006
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2006
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
4.1 Symbols . 5
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
5 Principles for design and operation . 7
6 Reliability based limit state methods. 9
6.1 General. 9
6.2 Design and operational data basis — Data gathering . 9
6.3 Safety requirements — target. 9
6.4 Failure mode analysis . 10
6.5 Uncertainty analysis. 10
6.6 Reliability analysis. 11
6.7 Safety and risk assessment. 11
7 Design and operational requirements . 12
7.1 General. 12
7.2 Design and construction. 12
7.3 Operation and maintenance . 12
7.4 Re-qualification . 13
7.5 Hazards . 13
8 Acceptance criteria and safety classes. 13
8.1 Safety requirements . 13
8.2 Classification of limit states . 14
8.3 Categorization of fluids. 14
8.4 Pipeline location and consequence categorization . 15
8.5 Safety classes . 16
9 Target safety levels and risk levels. 17
10 Failure modes. 17
10.1 General. 17
10.2 Internal pressure induced failure modes .17
10.3 External pressure induced failure modes . 18
10.4 Failure due to external load effects . 18
10.5 Failure due to third-party activity. 19
10.6 Corrosive environment induced failure modes . 19
10.7 Failure due to combined loads. 19
11 Pipeline operational management . 20
11.1 General. 20
11.2 Operational management procedures. 20
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty and reliability analysis — Method description. 23
Annex B (informative) Statistical database — Uncertainty values. 43
Annex C (informative) Target safety levels — Recommendations. 49
Bibliography . 56
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16708 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline transportation systems.
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The International Standard ISO 13623 allows the use of innovative techniques and procedures such as
reliability-based limit state methods providing the minimum requirements of ISO 13623 are satisfied.
This International Standard provides the supplement to ISO 13623 in giving recommendations and specifying
the framework and principles for the application of the probabilistic approach, i.e. “reliability-based limit state
methods”.
Pipeline integrity management during design and operation are performed by the following two limit state
approaches:
⎯ a deterministic approach, with the use of safety or usage factors applied to characteristic loads and
resistances; and
⎯ a probabilistic approach, based on structural reliability analysis applied to the relevant limit states, e.g.
reliability-based limit state methods.
Both approaches satisfy the safety requirements; implicitly by the deterministic approach (via earlier-calibrated
safety factors) and explicitly by the probabilistic approach (a direct check on the actual safety level) as
illustrated in Figure 1.
Significant differences exist among member countries in the areas of public safety and protection of the
environment. Within the safety framework of this International Standard, such differences are allowed for and
individual member countries can apply their national requirements for public safety and the protection of the
environment to the use of this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16708:2006(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation
systems — Reliability-based limit state methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the functional requirements and principles for design, operation and re-
qualification of pipelines in the petroleum and natural gas industries using reliability-based limit state methods
as permitted by ISO 13623. Reliability-based limit state methods provide a systematic way to predict pipeline
safety in design and operation.
This International Standard supplements ISO 13623 and can be used in cases where ISO 13623 does not
provide specific guidance and where limit states methods can be applied, such as, but not limited to,
⎯ qualification of new concepts, e.g. when new technology is applied or for design scenarios where industry
experience is limited,
⎯ re-qualification of the pipeline due to a changed design basis, such as service-life extension, which can
include reduced uncertainties due to improved integrity monitoring and operational experience,
⎯ collapse under external pressure in deep water,
⎯ extreme loads, such as seismic loads (e.g. at a fault crossing), ice loads (e.g. by impact from ice keels),
⎯ situations where strain-based criteria can be appropriate.
This document applies to rigid metallic pipelines on-land and offshore used in the petroleum and natural gas
industries.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13623:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
basic variable
load or resistance variable entering the limit state function including the variable accounting for model
uncertainty in the limit state function itself
3.2
characteristic load
nominal value of a load to be used in determination of load effects
NOTE Characteristic load is normally based upon a defined fractile in the upper end of the distribution function of the
load.
3.3
characteristic resistance
nominal value of a strength parameter to be used in determination of capacities
NOTE Characteristic resistance is normally based on a defined fractile in the lower end of the distribution function of
the resistance.
3.4
characteristic value
nominal value to characterize the magnitude of a stochastic variable
NOTE Characteristic value is normally defined as a fractile of the probability distribution of the variable.
3.5
commissioning
activities associated with the initial filling of a pipeline with the fluid to be transported
[ISO 13623]
3.6
construction
phase comprising installation, pressure testing and commi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.