ISO 15136-1:2001
(Main)Downhole equipment for petroleum and natural gas industries — Progressing cavity pump systems for artificial lift — Part 1: Pumps
Downhole equipment for petroleum and natural gas industries — Progressing cavity pump systems for artificial lift — Part 1: Pumps
La présente partie de l'ISO 15136 donne les lignes directrices et exigences d'une pompe à cavités progressantes (PCP) de fond de puits utilisée dans l'industrie du pétrole et du gaz naturel pour la production de fluides mono ou multiphasiques. La présente partie de l'ISO 15136 traite de la pompe à cavités progressantes de fond de trou. Elle fait référence, mais ne traite pas, des composants intermédiaires et accessoires nécessaires pour constituer une unité de pompage complète. Elle exclut les exigences d'expédition, de chargement et de transport.
Équipement de fond de trou pour les industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Pompes de fond à cavité progressive pour activation des puits — Partie 1: Pompes
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15136-1
First edition
2001-07-15
Downhole equipment for petroleum and
natural gas industries — Progressing
cavity pump systems for artificial lift —
Part 1:
Pumps
Équipement de fond de trou pour les industries du pétrole et du gaz
naturel — Pompes de fond à cavité progressive pour activation des
puits —
Partie 1: Pompes
Reference number
ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Symbols .3
4 Functional specification.3
4.1 General.3
4.2 PCP type .3
4.3 Well parameters .3
4.4 Operational parameters .4
4.5 Environmental compatibility.4
4.6 Compatibility with well equipment.5
4.7 Quality control requirements.5
4.8 Design validation documentation .5
5 Technical specification .5
5.1 General.5
5.2 PCP characteristics .5
5.3 Design criteria.5
5.4 Design verification.8
5.5 Design validation .9
5.6 Design change .10
5.7 Functional test parameters.10
6 Supplier/manufacturer requirements.11
6.1 Document and data control .11
6.2 User/purchaser documentation.11
6.3 Product identification.11
6.4 Quality control.12
6.5 Functional tests .12
Annex A (normative) Example of performance curves for pump selection .13
Annex B (normative) PCP test report data sheet .14
Annex C (informative) Application design specification data sheet.15
Annex D (informative) Accessories .16
Annex E (informative) Engineering methodology.21
Annex F (informative) Description of PCP system.27
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15136 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 15136-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and
offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC4, Drilling and production
equipment.
ISO 15136 consists of the following parts, under the general title Downhole equipment for petroleum and natural
gas industries — Progressing cavity pump systems for artificial lift:
� Part 1: Pumps
� Part 2: Drive heads
Annexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO 15136. Annexes C, D, E and F are for information only.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 15136 has been developed by users/purchasers and suppliers/manufacturers of progressing cavity
pumps (PCP) for artificial lift use in the petroleum and natural gas industries worldwide. This part of ISO 15136 is
intended to give requirements and information to both parties in the selection, manufacture, testing and use of
progressing cavity pumps. Further, this part of ISO 15136 addresses supplier/manufacturer requirements, which
set the minimum parameters with which suppliers/manufacturers must comply to claim conformity with this part of
ISO 15136.
A progressing cavity pump comprises two helical gears, one rotating inside the other. The stator and rotor axes are
parallel and spaced between each other. The external helical gear (stator) has one more thread (or tooth) than the
internal helical gear (rotor). Whatever the number of threads of the two elements, they must always differ by one.
The fluid moves from suction to discharge. The discharge and the suction are always isolated from each other by a
constant length seal line. Definitions of the accessories, engineering methodology and description of the PCP
system, including illustrations, are provided in annexes D, E and F respectively.
Users of this part of ISO 15136 should be aware that further or differing requirements might be needed for
individual applications. This part of ISO 15136 is not intended to inhibit a supplier/manufacturer from offering, or the
user/purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions. This may be particularly applicable
where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the supplier/manufacturer
should identify any variations from this part of ISO 15136 and provide details.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
Downhole equipment for petroleum and natural gas industries —
Progressing cavity pump systems for artificial lift —
Part 1:
Pumps
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15136 provides guidelines and requirements for subsurface progressing cavity pumps (PCP) used
in the petroleum and natural gas industries for the production of single and multiphase fluids, based on the principle
defined in [2].
This part of ISO 15136 is applicable to the subsurface progressing cavity pump. It refers to, but is not applicable to,
intermediate components and accessories that are necessary to make a complete pumping unit. It does not include
requirements for shipping, loading and transportation.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 15136, the following terms and definitions apply (for illustration, see annexes D,
EandF).
2.1
cavity
lenticular, spiral, separate volume created between the pump stator and rotor when they are assembled
2.2
displacement
volume of fluid pumped in one revolution of the rotor in the stator
2.3
drive string
device transmitting power (usually sucker rods) between the drivehead and the PCP
2.4
dynamic level
fluid level under standard conditions of temperature and pressure when the PCP is in operation
NOTE Standard conditions, unless otherwise indicated, are 15 �C and 0,101 3 MPa.
2.5
flowrate
volume of fluid pumped per time unit
2.6
head rating
maximum allowable differential pressure of the PCP
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
2.7
helix
continuous spiral with a constant pitch
2.8
insert pump
pump whose stator is inserted into the tubing using the drive string
2.9
interference
radial fit between the pump rotor and stator
2.10
pitch length
distance between two crests belonging to the same seal line
NOTE The rotor and stator have different pitch lengths, p and p respectively (see Figures E.1, E.2 and F.1).
r s
2.11
PCP
progressing cavity pump
pump consisting of a stator and a rotor whose geometry of assembly is such that it creates two or more series of
lenticular, spiral, separate cavities
2.12
rotor
pump shaft, whose external surface is in the form of a single or multiple helix, provided with a connection to attach
to the drive string
2.13
rotor stop
device which determines the rotor position during PCP installation
SeeFigureD.1.
2.14
seal line
helix formed by the line of contact between rotor and stator
2.15
slippage
fluid leakage occurring across the dynamic seal lines between the cavities
2.16
static level
stabilized fluid level under standard conditions of temperature and pressure when the PCP is at a stopped position
NOTE Standard conditions, unless otherwise indicated, are 15 °C and 0,101 3 MPa.
2.17
stator
housing and a lining (typically elastomeric) in the form of a double or multiple internal helix, which always has one
more helix than the rotor, with a connection to the production tubing
2.18
submergence
difference between the dynamic level and the PCP setting depth
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
2.19
tubing-conveyed pump
pump whose stator is connected to the bottom of the tubing
3 Symbols
d rotor minor diameter, i.e. the diameter of the circle tangent to the inner rotor lobes
r
D rotor major diameter, i.e. the diameter of the circle tangent to the outer rotor lobes
r
d stator minor diameter, i.e. the diameter of the circle tangent to the inner stator lobes
s
D stator major diameter, i.e. the diameter of the circle tangent to the outer stator lobes
s
P rotor pitch length
r
P stator pitch length
s
n number of rotor lobes
r
N pump revolutions per minute
For illustration, see Figures E.1, E.2 and E.3.
4 Functional specification
4.1 General
The user/purchaser shall prepare a functional specification to order products which conform with this part of
ISO 15136 in which the requirements and operating conditions listed in 4.2 to 4.6, as appropriate, and/or the
supplier’s/manufacturer’s specific product (see example of data form in annex C) shall be specified.
These requirements and operating conditions may be conveyed by means of a dimensional drawing, data sheet or
other suitable documentation.
4.2 PCP type
� Tubing-conveyed;
� insert PCP.
4.3 Well parameters
� Sizes, grades, mass, thread of casing, liner, tubing;
� depth (true vertical and measured);
� perforation intervals (true vertical and measured);
� deviation survey;
� packer, anchor data, landing nipple or other restriction if any.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
4.4 Operational parameters
� PCP setting depth;
� current production system and rate;
� planned production rate;
� static and dynamic fluid level; or
� static level and productivity index; or
� dynamic fluid level and bottomhole pressure;
� normal producing tubing and casing pressures;
� required wellhead pressure;
� chemical treatments;
� well monitoring and alarm points.
4.5 Environmental compatibility
� Specific gravity of oil and water;
� oil/emulsion viscosity;
� bubble point;
� production gas/oil ratio;
� water cut;
� mole fraction (as a percent) of aromatic solvents, (i.e. benzene, toluene and xylenes);
� gas specific gravity;
� mole fraction (as a percent) of H S and CO ;
2 2
� solids content (i.e. type, size, shape and concentration);
� corrosive agents, (i.e. type and concentration);
� PCP inlet temperature or reservoir temperature and temperature gradient;
� wellhead temperature range;
� pH;
� completion fluid characteristics;
� rotor material, plating/coating material;
� elastomer material.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
4.6 Compatibility with well equipment
� Tubing threads or insert size;
� wellhead connection;
� drive string (type, size, properties and connection);
� power source;
� electrical supply (voltage, frequency, zone classification);
� ambient temperature (minimum, maximum).
4.7 Quality control requirements
Quality control requirements may be specified by the user/purchaser.
4.8 Design validation documentation
User/purchaser may request performance curve and test report, as per annex A and annex B.
5 Technical specification
5.1 General
The aspects in 5.2 to 5.7 shall be considered in the design/application of a PCP system (see annex C).
5.2 PCP characteristics
Physical dimensions can limit the selection of a PCP.
The stator shall:
� be able to pass through the casing and all other devices which are part of the casing string;
� allow annular space for tools, i.e. over-shot or wash pipe;
� allow annular space for gas separation;
� allow annular space for fluid passage, if the PCP is landed below perforations.
The rotor shall be able to pass through the tubing and all other devices which are part of the tubing string.
A sufficiently large inside diameter shall be provided in the tubing to allow for the eccentric movement of the rotor. If
the tubing inside diameter is not large enough, a transition length of tubing (or pup joint) having an acceptable
inside diameter shall be placed immediately above the stator (see Figure D.2).
5.3 Design criteria
5.3.1 Head requirements
The differential pressure across the PCP should not exceed the head rating of the PCP, as efficiency will be
affected and could result in premature wear on components.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
The differential pressure is the sum of the following, taking into consideration gas and different liquid densities:
� the head of fluid in the tubing minus the head of fluid in the annulus at the PCP inlet;
� the frictional loss in the tubing between the PCP outlet and the wellhead, which is a function of:
� inside diameter of the tubing;
� outside diameter of the drive string;
� pressure drop across restrictions such as couplings and centralizers;
� viscosity and velocity of the fluid.
� the flowline back-pressure.
5.3.2 Volume requirements
The PCP shall be capable of displacing the volume required per revolution at the anticipated head within the speed
limitations mentioned in 5.3.3.6. Volume requirements should consider the presence of free gas, transport of solids
and PCP cooling.
5.3.3 Materials
5.3.3.1 Thermal effect — Elastomers
Wellbore temperature and fluid characteristics shall be considered for each application.
The PCP operating temperature may cause thermal expansion of the elastomer. Elastomer expansion will result in
reduction of the internal stator diameter. Therefore, the rotor shall be sized to accommodate for this reduction to
ensure appropriate interference fit.
The maximum operating temperature of the PCP shall be below the maximum rated working temperature of the
elastomer published by the manufacturer.
The PCP operating temperature is influenced by:
� fluid temperature around the PCP;
� friction effect due to interference, rotating speed and differential pressure;
� elastic deformation;
� gas compression;
� fluid lubricity;
� heat transfer effects.
5.3.3.2 Chemical effects — Elastomers
Detrimental effects on elastomers, such as swelling and hardening, can be caused by chemicals, aromatic solvents
(i.e. benzene, toluene and xylenes), napthenes and water. Rotor/stator sizing shall be adjusted accordingly.
Where chemical treatments are anticipated, caution shall be exercised in the selection of materials.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
5.3.3.3 Elastomer data
Elastomer designations are required for the purpose of differentiating the elastomers of an individual
manufacturer's product line. Designations shall include a general description of elastomer type.
Manufacturers shall not change the formulation of a designated elastomer unless changes are within the original
performance parameters Each new or revised formulation shall have a new designation. However, each
manufacturer has the right to keep his formulations confidential.
General performance parameters are required for each of the elastomers:
� control of bonding process (resistance to shearing, traction);
� elastomer resistance to temperature;
� elastomer resistance to gas under pressure (H S, CO );
2 2
� elastomer resistance to aromatics;
� elastomer resistance to explosive decompression;
� elastomer resistance to abrasion;
� swelling test and/or calculation;
� calculation of rotor size versus temperature, swelling and elastomer type.
5.3.3.4 Abrasion
The effects of abrasion shall be considered in the selection of rotor and stator materials.
Abrasive wear is a function of:
� solids content (type, size, shape and concentration);
� particle velocity;
� pressure differential per cavity;
� rotating speed.
5.3.3.5 Inlet conditions
The PCP requires a positive inlet pressure to operate efficiently.
The manufacturer shall advise the minimum submergence/inlet pressure required by the pump.
5.3.3.6 Rotating speed
The following parameters shall be considered when establishing the rotational speed for normal operation:
� total volume to be pumped, considering slippage;
� abrasive solids content;
� fluid viscosity and PCP inlet pressure;
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
� PCP submergence;
� vibration of the rods and tubing, considering harmonic speeds, well deviation;
� wear on components;
� maximum speed rating of all system components.
The rotational speed of the PCP shall be adjusted to achieve optimum well production.
5.3.3.7 Dimensional data
The following dimensions shall be specified:
� outside diameter of the stator and the rotor;
� length of the rotor helix;
� length of the stator elastomer;
� length from the elastomer to the rotor stop;
� rotor and stator thread specifications;
� maximum speed of PCP;
� head rating;
� displacement.
5.3.3.8 Metallurgy and finishes
The following parameters shall be considered when selecting the materials for the pump:
� metallurgy of the PCP components;
� degree of rotor polishing (surface roughness);
� characteristics of rotor coating/plating (surface hardness, roughness, resistance to wear);
� minimal thickness of coating/plating on the major diameter of the rotor.
Where chemical treatments are anticipated, caution shall be exercised in the selection of materials.
5.4 Design verification
Design verification shall be performed to ensure that each PCP design meets the supplier/manufacturer technical
specifications. Design verification includes activities such as design reviews, design calculations, physical tests,
comparison with similar designs and historical records of defined operating conditions.
As a minimum:
� verify the flow capacity of the PCP considering the rotor and stator size;
� verify the head capacity of the PCP considering the number of stator cavities;
� verify the tightening between rotor and stator versus temperature.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
5.5 Design validation
5.5.1 Validation parameters
To verify flow and head capacity of each PCP, the following test shall be conducted with water at a rotating speed
of 500 r/min, except for high volume/high pressure pumps where speed can be reduced to limit power consumption
as agreed between supplier/manufacturer and user/purchaser:
� at zero differential pressure and zero leakage;
� at maximum operating differential pressure at a target of 15 % leakage (minimum 10 %, maximum 20 %).
The resulting performance curve is the performance baseline for acceptance testing of the PCP. Consideration
shall be given to a swelling test on an elastomer sample with the anticipated crude or equivalent.
5.5.2 Validation test
5.5.2.1 Test procedure
The PCP shall be installed and secured on a test bench. Rotation and power are provided to the rotor by means of
a drive system. The test medium shall be water, which is pumped through a closed loop system, flows through the
PCP and discharge lines. A choke shall be used to regulate a discharge pressure, which creates a differential
pressure across the PCP. A pressure-measurement device measures the differential pressure and/or the
intake/discharge pressures and an apparatus shall be used to measure the flowrate. This information shall be used
to calculate volumetric efficiency� (annex B).
v
Record flowrate, the differential pressure and/or the intake/discharge pressures, pump absorbed power, pump
torque and fluid temperature for the different set points until the maximum pressure and speed are reached.
The test report is illustrated in annex B and performance curve in annex A. The graph shall state the rotor code and
the test temperature.
Test procedures may vary among suppliers/manufacturers but shall follow these guidelines:
� record pertinent test information, including:
� location of test;
� date of test;
� person testing;
� model of PCP (rotor code, stator serial number, rotor serial number and elastomer name);
� minimum and maximum specified revolutions per minute or nominal fixed speed (revolutions per minute);
� test fluid temperature;
� PCP intake pressure;
� install and secure the PCP on a test bench;
� prepare stator lubrication mix (water + oil) for easier installation of rotor into the stator and to overcome friction;
� apply lubrication mix to the stator;
� record rotor measurements for length, diameter and coating/plating thickness;
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
� select appropriate test bench coupling to match rotor size;
� turn circulation pump on and bring test fluid up to the test temperature;
� conduct a no-load pretest to determine PCP efficiency at zero head;
� start load test;
� choke back on PCP until target pressure is reached;
� record flowrate, pressure, power, torque, fluid temperature for the different set points until the target pressure
is reached; these values are required to calculate the PCP efficiency.
The PCP may be tested with a special rotor (designed for test purposes only) to consider the effects of temperature
and swelling. The test temperature (usually 30 �C) may differ from the actual operating temperature. In this case,
only the user/purchaser's stator is physically tested. The user/purchaser's rotor is only checked dimensionally and
its thermal expansion is derived by calculation.
Due to chemical swelling and thermal expansion of the elastomer once the PCP is exposed to the well
environment, the functional tests may produce different results (see 6.5).
5.5.2.2 Calibration
Measurement devices shall be capable of measuring the recorded values within the following measurement
tolerances:
pressure, �p � 2,5 %
speed, N
� 1%
flowrate, q
� 2,5 %
pump absorbed power � 1%
Equipment used for final acceptance shall be identified, controlled, calibrated and adjusted in accordance with an
internationally or nationally recognized standard.
5.5.2.3 Acceptance criteria
At 500 r/min, the flowrate and torque shall be within� 10 % of published values as per manufacturer's pump curve
at zero and maximum differential pressures.
5.6 Design change
All design changes shall be documented and reviewed against the design validation test to determine if the
changes are substantive changes. A substantive design change is defined as a change to the design by the
supplier/manufacturer that affects the performance of the product in the intended service condition. A design that
undergoes a substantive change becomes a new design, which requires design validation.
5.7 Functional test parameters
Each PCP shall be functionally tested prior to shipment to the user/purchaser in accordance with 6.5. Data
accuracy and acceptance criteria shall be identical to 5.5.2.2 and 5.5.2.3 respectively.
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ISO 15136-1:2001(E)
6 Supplier/manufacturer requirements
6.1 Document and data control
The supplier/manufacturer shall establish and maintain documented procedures to control all documents and data
that relate to this part of ISO 15136. These documents and data shall be maintained to demonstrate conformance
to specified requirements. All documents and data shall be legible and shall be stored and retained in such a way
that they are readily retrievable in facilities that provide a suitable environment to prevent damage or deterioration
and prevent loss. Documents and data may be in the form of any type of media, such as hard copy or electronic
media. All documents and data shall be available for audit by the u
...
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