ISO/FDIS 22749-1

Railway applications -- Suspension components

Applications ferroviaires -- Pièces de suspension

General Information

• Status: Published
• ICS: 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 269/SC 2 - Rolling stock
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 269/SC 2/WG 5 - Rolling stock suspension components
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 24-Jun-2021
• Completion Date: 24-Jun-2021

Standards Content (sample)

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22749-1
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Railway applications — Suspension
Secretariat: AFNOR
components —
Voting begins on:
2021-06-24
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Characteristics and test methods for
2021-08-19
elastomer-mechanical parts
Applications ferroviaires — Pièces de suspension à base
d'élastomère —
Partie 1: Caractéristiques et méthodes d'essai pour les pièces en
caoutchouc et les pièces en caoutchouc-métal
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
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© ISO 2021

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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ........................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Three-dimensional definition of characteristics ................................................................................................................ 5

6 Conditions of use .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 Environmental conditions ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.2 Operating temperatures .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.3 Operating loading conditions ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.4 Recycling....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7 Definition of the product .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.1.1 Definition of characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 8

7.1.2 Mounting conditions .................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.1.3 Ambient conditions ....................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.2 Resistance to environmental conditions .......................................................................................................................... 9

7.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

7.2.2 Low temperature ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

7.2.3 High temperature .........................................................................................................................................................10

7.2.4 Ozone ......................................................................................................................................................................................10

7.2.5 Oil and petroleum products ................................................................................................................................10

7.2.6 Chemical products .......................................................................................................................................................10

7.2.7 Abrasion ...............................................................................................................................................................................11

7.2.8 Fire behaviour .................................................................................................................................................................11

7.2.9 Corrosion .............................................................................................................................................................................11

7.2.10 Other conditions............................................................................................................................................................11

7.3 Resistance to operating conditions ....................................................................................................................................11

7.3.1 Fatigue resistance ........................................................................................................................................................11

7.3.2 Static creep .................. .................................................... ...................................................................................................12

7.3.3 Dynamic creep ................................................................................................................................................................12

7.3.4 Static relaxation .............................................................................................................................................................12

7.3.5 Dynamic relaxation .....................................................................................................................................................12

7.3.6 Electrical resistance ...................................................................................................................................................12

7.3.7 Other conditions............................................................................................................................................................12

7.4 Physical characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................12

7.4.1 Materials ..............................................................................................................................................................................12

7.4.2 Mass .........................................................................................................................................................................................12

7.5 Geometrical and dimensional characteristics ...........................................................................................................13

7.5.1 Space envelope ...............................................................................................................................................................13

7.5.2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................................................13

7.6 Functional characteristics ..........................................................................................................................................................13

7.6.1 Dimensions under load ...........................................................................................................................................13

7.6.2 Force under deformation .......................................................................................................................................13

7.6.3 Characteristic "force as a function of displacement" at constant velocity ..................13

7.6.4 Stiffnesses under sinusoidal motion ............................................................................................................16

7.6.5 Damping ...............................................................................................................................................................................18

7.6.6 Bonding test ......................................................................................................................................................................19

8 Inspection and test methods .................................................................................................................................................................19

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19

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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)

8.1.1 General test conditions ............................................................................................................................................19

8.1.2 Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................................................20

8.1.3 Definition and preparation of test pieces ................................................................................................20

8.2 Resistance to environmental conditions .......................................................................................................................20

8.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................20

8.2.2 Low temperature ..........................................................................................................................................................20

8.2.3 High temperature .........................................................................................................................................................20

8.2.4 Ozone ......................................................................................................................................................................................21

8.2.5 Oil and petroleum products ................................................................................................................................21

8.2.6 Chemical products .......................................................................................................................................................21

8.2.7 Abrasion ...............................................................................................................................................................................21

8.2.8 Fire behaviour .................................................................................................................................................................21

8.2.9 Corrosion .............................................................................................................................................................................21

8.2.10 Other conditions............................................................................................................................................................21

8.3 Resistance to operating conditions ....................................................................................................................................21

8.3.1 Fatigue resistance ........................................................................................................................................................21

8.3.2 Static creep .................. .................................................... ...................................................................................................22

8.3.3 Dynamic creep ................................................................................................................................................................24

8.3.4 Static relaxation .............................................................................................................................................................24

8.3.5 Dynamic relaxation .....................................................................................................................................................25

8.3.6 Electrical resistance ...................................................................................................................................................25

8.3.7 Other conditions............................................................................................................................................................25

8.4 Physical characteristics ................................................................................................................................................................25

8.4.1 Materials ..............................................................................................................................................................................25

8.4.2 Mass .........................................................................................................................................................................................25

8.5 Geometrical and dimensional characteristics ...........................................................................................................25

8.5.1 Space envelope ...............................................................................................................................................................25

8.5.2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................................................................25

8.6 Functional characteristics ..........................................................................................................................................................25

8.6.1 Dimensions under load ...........................................................................................................................................25

8.6.2 Force under deformation .......................................................................................................................................27

8.6.3 Characteristics "force as a function of displacement" at constant velocity ................28

8.6.4 Stiffnesses under sinusoidal motion ............................................................................................................30

8.6.5 Damping ...............................................................................................................................................................................32

8.6.6 Bonding test ......................................................................................................................................................................33

9 Marking .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

Annex A (normative) Design of the test devices and analysis of the parasitic deformations

during stiffness measurements .........................................................................................................................................................35

Annex B (informative) Two examples of fatigue test programmes ....................................................................................36

Annex C (informative) Recommended tolerances and acceptance criteria for characteristics

of components ......................................................................................................................................................................................................40

Annex D (informative) Recommended measurement velocities ..........................................................................................42

iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee

SC 2, Rolling stock.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22749 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Introduction
This document is based on EN 13913.

Designing an elastomer- mechanical part requires knowledge of the mechanical system of which it

forms part. Therefore, specific characteristics are needed for each case, which only the customer can

specify.

This document is the result of the studies and research to improve the performances and quality of

elastomer- mechanical parts in order to meet the requirements of railway rolling stock.

This document is designed for railway operators, manufacturers and equipment suppliers of the railway

industry as well as for the suppliers of elastomer-mechanical parts.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Railway applications — Suspension components —
Part 1:
Characteristics and test methods for elastomer-mechanical
parts
1 Scope

This document applies to elastomer-mechanical parts designed to be fitted on railway vehicles and

similar vehicles running on dedicated tracks with permanent guide systems, whatever the type of rail

and the running surface.
Typical applications of the elastomer-mechanical parts include:
— vehicle suspension systems;
— equipment mounting systems;

— joints (e.g. end-mountings of dampers, rubber-based bearings, elastomer mechanical parts used on

mechanical couplings);
— limit stops.
These parts can be:

— made entirely of elastomer, operating on their own or in combination with other elastic parts;

— made up of elastomer and other materials, adherent together or not.

This document specifies characteristics that rubber and rubber to metal parts are to achieve, together

with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification.
This document does not apply to:
— rubber diaphragms for pneumatic suspension springs;
— elastic parts of buffing and drawgear springs;
— diaphragms, bellows and seals;
— hoses and tubings;
— transmission belts.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 188, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests

ISO 1431-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Resistance to ozone cracking — Part 1: Static and

dynamic strain testing

ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of the effects of liquids

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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
ISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of density

ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating

cylindrical drum device
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests

ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test

methods
ISO 80000-3, Quantities and units — Part 3: Space and time
ISO 80000-4, Quantities and units — Part 4: Mechanics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
component
elastomer-mechanical part
3.2
static creep

displacement increase of a component (3.1) subjected to a constant static force, occurring after a

specified period of time
3.3
dynamic creep

displacement increase of a component (3.1) subjected to a dynamic force oscillating about a constant

static force, occurring after a specified period of time
3.4
static relaxation

force decrease of a component (3.1) subjected to a constant displacement, occurring after a specified

period of time
3.5
dynamic relaxation

force decrease of a component (3.1) submitted to a dynamic displacement oscillating about a constant

static displacement, occurring after a specified period of time
3.6
phase angle

difference in phase between the transmitted excitation and the response at a specific sinusoidal

amplitude and frequency
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

The units presented in ISO 80000-3 and ISO 80000-4 shall be used for the symbols in Table 1.

Decimal multiples and submultiples of units defined below can be used.
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Unit Explanation
a m or rad amplitude of the movement; see Figure 1.
Key
X time (t)
Y displacement (linear, d, or angular, Θ)
1 d (or Θ )
max max
2 d (or Θ )
min min
3 d (or Θ )
P P
Figure 1 — Amplitude of the movement
C N or Nm amplitude of the force (or the moment); see Figure 2.
Key
X time (t)
Y force (F) or moment (M)
1 F (or M )
max max
2 F (or M )
min min
3 F (or M )
P P
Figure 2 — Amplitude of the force (or the moment)
d m linear displacement
d m displacement (d ; d ; etc.) corresponding to a force F with d J 1 2 J 0 J M
d m lower data limit for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
d m upper data limit for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
d m minimum displacement on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 1)
min
d m maximum displacement on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 1)
max
d m mean displacement (see Figure 1)
F N static force
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Unit Explanation
F N force (F ; F ; etc.) corresponding to a displacement d with F J 1 2 J 0 J M
F N lower data limit for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
F N upper data limit for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
F N minimum force on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 2)
min
F N maximum force on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 2)
max
F N mean force (see Figure 2)
F N reference force taken into account for the creep test (static and dynamic)

F N reference force taken into account for the definition of the dimensions of the

component under load
f Hz frequency
k N/m stiffness under sinusoidal motion
dyn
NOTE Characteristic of the component measured along an axis, under a sinu-
soidal motion.

k N/m characteristic ″force as a function of linear displacement″ at constant velocity

NOTE Characteristic of the component measured along an axis, at constant
velocity.
kΘ Nm/rad rotational stiffness under sinusoidal motion
dyn
NOTE Characteristic of the component measured around an axis, under a si-
nusoidal motion.

kΘ Nm/rad characteristic ″moment as a function of rotational displacement″ at constant

velocity
NOTE Characteristic of the component measured around an axis, at constant
velocity.
L m dimension of the component
L m dimension (L ; L ; etc.) under a static force F
J 1 2 J
L m dimension at F (or M )
0 0 0

L m reference dimension taken into account for the definition of the force given by

the component under deformation
L m dimension at F (or M )
M M M

L m reference dimension taken into account for the relaxation test (static and dynamic)

M Nm Moment applied around an axis of the component

M Nm moment (M ; M ; etc.) corresponding to an angle of displacement Θ with M J 1 2 J 0 J M
M Nm lower limit value for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
M Nm upper limit value for the definition of the stiffness characteristics
M Nm minimum moment on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 2)
min
M Nm maximum moment on a sinusoidal motion (see Figure 2)
max
M Nm mean moment (see Figure 2)
R m/decade creep rate
NOTE It is permissible to use % / decade instead of m/decade.
T °C ambient temperature (temperature of the air surrounding the component) in
extreme and exceptional situations
T °C ambient temperature (temperature of the air surrounding the component) in
e,min
extreme and exceptional situations: lower temperature
T °C ambient temperature (temperature of the air surrounding the component) in
e,max
extreme and exceptional situations: higher temperature
Θ rad angle of displacement in a plane around an axis of the component
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ISO/FDIS 22749-1:2021(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Unit Explana
...