13.160 - Vibration and shock with respect to human beings
ICS 13.160 Details
Vibration and shock with respect to human beings
Personenbezogene Vibrationen
Vibrations, chocs et leurs effets sur l'homme
Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na ljudi
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.160 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Vibration and shock with respect to human beings". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 361 standards classified under ICS 13.160 (Vibration and shock with respect to human beings). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document is applicable to whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing or seated on freely moveable ground support equipment (GSE) when driving, for purposes of type evaluation and declaration. This document also specifies methods for verifying vibration emission. This document is applicable to self-powered GSE only.
The test results do not apply to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the different parts of the EN 1915 series and the EN 12312 series.
This document does not apply to GSE manufactured before the date of its publication.
- Draft19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for declaration and verification of vibration emission values of continuous and repeated shock vibrations. It is applicable to hand-arm and whole-body vibration values achieved by measurements according to type-B and type-C standards for portable hand-held, hand-guided and mobile machinery.
This document
— gives guidance on the declaration of vibration emission values,
— describes vibration and product information to be given in the instructions for use supplied with the machinery, and
— specifies the method for verifying the declared vibration emission values stated in the instruction for use of the machinery.
NOTE Machines according to Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 Annex III Part B 2.2.1.1 and 3.6.3.1 are covered by this document.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for declaration and verification of vibration emission values of continuous and repeated shock vibrations. It is applicable to hand-arm and whole-body vibration values achieved by measurements according to type-B and type-C standards for portable hand-held, hand-guided and mobile machinery.
This document
— gives guidance on the declaration of vibration emission values,
— describes vibration and product information to be given in the instructions for use supplied with the machinery, and
— specifies the method for verifying the declared vibration emission values stated in the instruction for use of the machinery.
NOTE Machines according to Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 Annex III Part B 2.2.1.1 and 3.6.3.1 are covered by this document.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and requirements on the evaluation of daily exposures to hand-arm vibration in the workplace where measurement or monitoring systems are fitted to the hand, wrist, or arm. This document provides guidance and to equipment manufacturers on how to provide suitable information to users on the scope and limitations of their equipment. It also provides guidance to users on the practical use and validation of these systems for monitoring or measurement in the workplace. This document provides information on measurement methods that complement the methods required for ISO 5349-1. NOTE The methods described in this document are not meant to replace measurements carried out in accordance with ISO 5349-1 when, for example, fulfilling duties under national regulations for either workplace vibration exposures or machinery vibration emissions.
- Technical specification22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing or seated on freely moveable ground support equipment (GSE) when driving, for purposes of type evaluation and declaration. This document also specifies methods for verifying vibration emission. This document is applicable to self-powered GSE only. The test results do not apply to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the different parts of the EN 1915 series and the EN 12312 series. This document does not apply to GSE manufactured before the date of its publication.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration and shock in buildings with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants based on both measurements and simulations. It specifies a method for measurement and evaluation, comprising the determination of the measurement direction and measurement location. It defines the frequency weighting, Wm, which is applicable in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz where the posture of an occupant does not need to be defined, see Annex A. NOTE 1 The frequency weightings given in ISO 2631-1 can be used if the posture of the occupant is defined. Whilst it is often the case that a building will be available for experimental investigation, many of the concepts contained within this document would apply equally to a building in the design process or where it will not be possible to gain access to an existing building. In these cases, reliance will have to be placed on the prediction of the building response by some means. This document does not provide guidance on the likelihood of structural damage, which is discussed in ISO 4866. Further, it is not applicable to the evaluation of effects on human health and safety. Acceptable magnitudes of vibration are not stated in this document, but guidance is provided in Annex C in the form of exposure-response curves for the estimation of annoyance when vibration originates from various sources, including railway, construction activities and blasting. NOTE 2 The exposure-response curves are based on the most recent evidence which suggests that human response to vibration in buildings is dependent on the magnitude, frequency, duration and temporal characteristics of the vibration[4]. In addition, it is known that other factors not directly related to the vibration characteristics have a significant influence on the annoyance response. These are identified in Annex B and include consideration of some parallel effects, subjective impressions and socio-demographic factors which need to be accounted for when collecting vibration data. NOTE 3 Several national standards have been proposed to define methods for assessing exposure to vibration in buildings as well as reference values for judging the annoyance resulting from exposure. These standards generally present significant differences in terms of metrics and methods used to quantify exposure as well as on the guideline values to prevent adverse effects. Some standards define limit values that are based on experimental field data leading to exposure-response relationships such as those proposed in Annex C. Other standards base their limit values on estimations that take into account vibration perception thresholds and situational factors. Some standards also consider the magnitude of vibration that can present a risk of damage to the buildings, particularly when blasting is involved.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general requirements for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted shock vibrations. For the purposes of this document, hand-transmitted shock vibration is any impactive or impulsive vibration that the machine or tool produces as a sequence of single events (isolated shock vibrations) linked by periods of no, or lower vibration.
This document specifies parameters for the evaluation of machinery emissions of hand-transmitted shocks in the frequency range covered by ISO 5349-1 (nominally the frequency range covered by the octave bands from 8 Hz to 1 000 Hz).
NOTE It is recognised that shock vibration often includes substantial high-frequency vibration energy. Therefore, reporting of information on hand-transmitted shock at higher frequencies that those specified in this document can be valuable.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general requirements for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted shock vibrations. For the purposes of this document, hand-transmitted shock vibration is any impactive or impulsive vibration that the machine or tool produces as a sequence of single events (isolated shock vibrations) linked by periods of no, or lower vibration.
This document specifies parameters for the evaluation of machinery emissions of hand-transmitted shocks in the frequency range covered by ISO 5349-1 (nominally the frequency range covered by the octave bands from 8 Hz to 1 000 Hz).
NOTE It is recognised that shock vibration often includes substantial high-frequency vibration energy. Therefore, reporting of information on hand-transmitted shock at higher frequencies that those specified in this document can be valuable.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general requirements for the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted shock vibrations. For the purposes of this document, hand-transmitted shock vibration is any impactive or impulsive vibration that the machine or tool produces as a sequence of single events (isolated shock vibrations) linked by periods of no, or lower vibration. This document specifies parameters for the evaluation of machinery emissions of hand-transmitted shocks in the frequency range covered by ISO 5349-1 (nominally the frequency range covered by the octave bands from 8 Hz to 1 000 Hz). NOTE It is recognised that shock vibration often includes substantial high-frequency vibration energy. Therefore, reporting of information on hand-transmitted shock at higher frequencies that those specified in this document can be valuable.
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The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over.
The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful.
The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health.
This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks.
This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is provided on:
- which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios;
- typical values for different comfort levels;
- the application of simulation.
This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design guidelines and measurement technology.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies dynamic dummies used as replacements for participants in vibration tests of vehicle seats in laboratory. This document is applicable to seats installed in earth-moving machinery, agricultural wheeled tractors, and industrial trucks. This document specifies technical requirements, acceptance criteria, and a validation test for dynamic dummies representing the human body in two mass groups: lightweight (52 kg to 55 kg) and heavyweight (98 kg to 115 kg). It only applies to passive and active dynamic dummies used for vibration tests of vehicle seats in the Z-axis (vertical) direction. This document defines, for the two mass groups, the biodynamic response characteristics that the dynamic dummies are required to reproduce to represent those of the participants to be replaced. This document gives guidance on conducting future research to explore the degree of convergence that can be reached when the dynamic performance of seats is measured with participants and with dynamic dummies conforming to this document. NOTE 1 For seat testing, results have shown that the benefit of using a dynamic dummy is highly dependent on the excitation and dynamic characteristics of the seats. Depending on the type of vibration excitation applied, studies have suggested that the use of dynamic dummies can show benefit over an inert mass of equivalent weight only when testing suspension seats with higher natural frequency (>2 Hz). NOTE 2 The use of dynamic dummies has been reported to tend to overestimate the vibration isolation performance of seats compared with that measured with participants. Several factors can be in cause and require further investigation, one of them being the influence of the legs possibly not being adequately considered when using dynamic dummies.
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The aim of this document is to provide information on the possible adverse health effects caused by exposure to vibration at work. The report addresses manufacturers, companies which introduce machinery on the EU market as well as employers and employees using vibrating machinery in order to improve their understanding of the possible health problems arising from occupational exposure to vibration.
This document is limited to the effects on health and does not cover the potential effects of vibration on comfort, human performance, or vibration perception. Most of the information on whole-body vibration in this document is based upon data available from research on human response to vibration of seated persons. There are only few data on the effects of vibration on persons in standing, reclining or recumbent positions.
The information on both hand-transmitted vibration and whole-body vibration is based upon data from laboratory research on acute effects as well as upon data from epidemiologic field-studies at workplaces.
Additional information can be obtained from the scientific literature.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The aim of this document is to provide information on the possible adverse health effects caused by exposure to vibration at work. The report addresses manufacturers, companies which introduce machinery on the EU market as well as employers and employees using vibrating machinery in order to improve their understanding of the possible health problems arising from occupational exposure to vibration.
This document is limited to the effects on health and does not cover the potential effects of vibration on comfort, human performance, or vibration perception. Most of the information on whole-body vibration in this document is based upon data available from research on human response to vibration of seated persons. There are only few data on the effects of vibration on persons in standing, reclining or recumbent positions.
The information on both hand-transmitted vibration and whole-body vibration is based upon data from laboratory research on acute effects as well as upon data from epidemiologic field-studies at workplaces.
Additional information can be obtained from the scientific literature.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a coupling-force-dependent weighting of the r.m.s. value to the frequency-weighted acceleration, ahw. The procedure only applies to normal gripping situations (embracing a handle). If only part surfaces of the hand are exposed to vibration, the procedure is not applicable. The evaluation methods defined in this document are intended to enable research. This document provides guidance on an additional procedure to that defined in ISO 5349-1 for measuring and reporting hand-transmitted vibration exposures by taking into account the coupling force exerted on the vibrating surface. This document is intended to facilitate future research on hand-arm vibration risks and to complement data collected using the ISO 5349-1 methodology. This document does not apply as an alternative to ISO 5349-1. The data derived from this document does not apply to perform tasks in accordance with national regulations, guidelines or recommendations for workplace vibration or machinery vibration emissions. This document does not apply to the legal obligations related to the protection of workers from hand-arm vibration in the workplace and the declaration of vibration emissions from machinery. The methodology defined in this document is based only on biomechanical relationships between vibration transmission to the hand-arm system as a function of total forces. The influence of contact force and pressure on the surface of the hand remains unconsidered and requires further research.
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2021-10-04 - publication on hold - Received lack of compliance at Enquiry stage.
2021-08-24 - publication on hold - TC decision is missing to skip FV. 2021-10-04 decision received.
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2021-10-04 - publication on hold - Received lack of compliance at Enquiry stage.
2021-08-24 - publication on hold - TC decision is missing to skip FV. 2021-10-04 decision received.
- Amendment13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a hand-held power tool operating under a specified load.
This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using nails, staples or pins.
This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3).
This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance.
NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustion-engine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers.
Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an indication of the values to be found in a real work situation.
Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort regarding low vibration design.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for determining the uncertainty of the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration. It applies to measurements of vibration quantities (measurands), calculated following a relevant measurement model on the basis of directly measured values, to evaluate a) human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration at the workplace, b) vibration emission of hand-held and hand-guided machinery in a laboratory setting, c) human exposure to whole-body vibration at the workplace, and d) whole-body vibration emission of vehicles. Examples of the application of the individual methods in practical situations are provided in the annexes. In this document a measurement error is defined as the difference between a measured and a reference quantity value. In this document “uncertainty” does not include errors that result from bad measurement strategies, faulty use of measurement equipment or other mistakes.
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines specifications covering laboratory tests for seats designed for passengers and crew in railway tractive and trailer vehicles. It concerns tri-axial rectilinear vibration within the frequency range 0,5 Hz to 50 Hz. It specifies the input test vibration to be used at seat testing. This document makes it possible to characterize, in the form of frequency response functions, the manner in which vibration is transmitted to the seat occupant. It also provides an estimator showing the behaviour of the seat in terms of dynamic comfort perceived by the seated person. Different types of excitations can be used and are described depending on knowledge of the vibration environment encountered by the seat and the capability of the vibration simulator.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a hand-held power tool operating under a specified load.
This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using nails, staples or pins.
This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3).
This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance.
NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a hand-held power tool operating under a specified load. This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using nails, staples or pins. This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3). This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance. NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document summarizes descriptive quantities for those responsible (e.g. scientists, safety engineers) for determination of postures for a seated person who is exposed to whole-body vibration. It is the intention that the results of different methods can be easily related to these quantities and that they allow for a common terminology between practitioners. The focus of this document is to offer a collection of ideas on how to measure postures in practice. The postures determined can also be used as a basis for further investigation or as a means of comparison for different methods. Although some of the approaches described here can be applied to standing or recumbent positions, additional considerations are likely to be required in these cases. NOTE 1 This work is closely related to International Standards which focus on static postures (ISO 11226[4]) or on radiologically accessible landmarks, i.e. points on the body (ISO 8727[3]). Additionally, this document deals with dynamic postures where body angles or associated movements are determined visually or by measuring points on the skin or clothing. NOTE 2 Nevertheless, ISO 8727[3] and ISO 11226[4] put forward principles for further extensions of posture determination which are followed in this document, in particular for measurements of body angles. This document does not specify sampling strategies or evaluation methods.
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ISO 2631-2:2003 concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration and shock in buildings with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants. It specifies a method for measurement and evaluation, comprising the determination of the measurement direction and measurement location. It defines the frequency weighting Wm which is applicable in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz where the posture of an occupant does not need to be defined.
Whilst it is often the case that a building will be available for experimental investigation, many of the concepts contained within ISO 2631-2 would apply equally to a building in the design process or where it will not be possible to gain access to an existing building. In these cases, reliance will have to be placed on the prediction of the building response by some means.
ISO 2631-2 does not provide guidance on the likelihood of structural damage, which is discussed in ISO 4866. Further, it is not applicable to the evaluation of effects on human health and safety.
Acceptable magnitudes of vibration are not stated in ISO 2631-2.
The mathematical definition of the frequency weighting Wm is given in Annex A. Guidelines for collecting data concerning complaints about building vibration are given in Annex B.
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This part of IS0 2631 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body
vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will
be acceptable. Informative annexes indicate current opinion and provide guidance on the possible effects of
vibration on health, comfort and perception and motion sickness. The frequency range considered is
- 0,5 Hz to 80 Hz for health, comfort and perception, and
- 0,l Hz to 0,5 Hz for motion sickness.
Although the potential effects on human performance are not covered, most of the guidance on whole-body
vibration measurement also applies to this area. This part of IS0 2631 also defines the principles of preferred
methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. It does not apply to the evaluation of extrememagnitude single shocks such as occur in vehicle accidents.
This part of IS0 2631 is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the supporting
surfaces: the feet of a standing person, the buttocks, back and feet of a seated person or the supporting area of a
recumbent person. This type of vibration is found in vehicles, in machinery, in buildings and in the vicinity of
working machinery.
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This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustion-engine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers.
Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an indication of the values to be found in a real work situation.
Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort regarding low vibration design.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM).
This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times.
This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal daily vibration exposure.
This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustion-engine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers. Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an indication of the values to be found in a real work situation. Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort regarding low vibration design.
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This document specifies methods and procedures for analysing and interpreting vibrotactile perception thresholds and threshold shifts. Procedures for describing statistically significant changes in vibrotactile perception thresholds are recommended. This document is applicable to vibrotactile perception thresholds determined at the fingertips according to the provisions of ISO 13091‑1.
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This document describes the coupling parameters between the hands of a machine operator and a vibrating surface of the machine. The coupling between the hand and the vibrating surface can be described using different parameters and component parts of these parameters: — force parameters, such as push, pull and grip; — parameters such as pressure exerted on skin. In addition, Annexes A, B, C, D and E provide guidelines for measuring procedures, the measurement of the force and pressure parameters, and information on the requirements for measuring instrumentation, as well as a calibration method. This document does not deal with forces which act tangentially to the hand.
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This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM).
This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times.
This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal daily vibration exposure.
This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM). This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times. This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal daily vibration exposure. This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
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1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines.
1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165.
1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:
— rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass;
— articulated-frame dumpers;
— scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1];
— wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass;
— graders;
— wheeled dozers;
— soil compactors;
— backhoe loaders;
— crawler dumpers;
— crawler loaders;
— crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2];
— compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass.
1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration:
— excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3];
— trenchers;
— landfill compactors;
— non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— pipelayers;
— horizontal directional drills (HDD).
1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design.
NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics.
1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.
[1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping.
[2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.
[3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for estimating and documenting the daily vibration exposure due to the use of hand-held power tools and hand-guided machines, in relation to the requirements of the European Physical Agents Directive (vibration) 2002/44/EC. This document is addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
The methods in this document are based on the requirements and guidance given in EN ISO 5349 1 and EN ISO 5349 2 but instead of measuring the vibration magnitudes at the specific workplaces, the methods in this document use existing vibration values from other sources of information including those provided by the manufacturers of the machinery in relation to the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document gives guidance on how to estimate the exposure time and the daily vibration exposure A(8) as defined in EN ISO 5349 1. It also offers a simple method for estimating the daily vibration exposure by means of a table which indicates the vibration exposure as a function of the equivalent vibration total value and the associated exposure time. Both methods can be used even in cases of multiple exposures on the same day.
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The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand-arm vibration or whole-body vibration).
This document is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability) taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV).
Although this document has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers of databases is covered.
Also this document provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources e.g. tools, machines and working conditions (see Annex B). This document provides a method for classifying the quality of vibration data.
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The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand-arm vibration or whole-body vibration).
This document is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability) taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV).
Although this document has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers of databases is covered.
Also this document provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources e.g. tools, machines and working conditions (see Annex B). This document provides a method for classifying the quality of vibration data.
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The purpose of this document is to provide information about a procedure based on the determination of a visual index correlated with the content of textile fibres, which are free and bounded to the rubber, of granulates. This approach is currently used by Spanish grinders in order to control the efficiency of their processes and is effective for granulates with particle sizes the bottom limit of which is more than 0,5 mm, and upper limit less than 10 mm.
NOTE Part of this document is also the presentation of a study carried by Valoriza Servicios Medioambientales and Geneus Canarias S.L.
A test procedure for the determination of a visual index of the content of the textile fibre of a granulate sample, which is free and bounded to the rubber, from the ELT’s processing is described in UNE 53936:2015 EX: Materials produced from end of life tyres. Rubber granulates.
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The purpose of this document is to provide a review of the studies that were performed on odour of ELT granulates.
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This document gives guidelines for estimating and documenting the daily vibration exposure due to the use of hand-held power tools and hand-guided machines, in relation to the requirements of the European Physical Agents Directive (vibration) 2002/44/EC. This document is addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
The methods in this document are based on the requirements and guidance given in EN ISO 5349 1 and EN ISO 5349 2 but instead of measuring the vibration magnitudes at the specific workplaces, the methods in this document use existing vibration values from other sources of information including those provided by the manufacturers of the machinery in relation to the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document gives guidance on how to estimate the exposure time and the daily vibration exposure A(8) as defined in EN ISO 5349 1. It also offers a simple method for estimating the daily vibration exposure by means of a table which indicates the vibration exposure as a function of the equivalent vibration total value and the associated exposure time. Both methods can be used even in cases of multiple exposures on the same day.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine.
This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders.
NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines.
1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165.
1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:
— rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass;
— articulated-frame dumpers;
— scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1];
— wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass;
— graders;
— wheeled dozers;
— soil compactors;
— backhoe loaders;
— crawler dumpers;
— crawler loaders;
— crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2];
— compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass.
1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration:
— excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3];
— trenchers;
— landfill compactors;
— non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— pipelayers;
— horizontal directional drills (HDD).
1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design.
NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics.
1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.
[1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping.
[2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.
[3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines. 1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. 1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics: — rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass; — articulated-frame dumpers; — scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1]; — wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass; — graders; — wheeled dozers; — soil compactors; — backhoe loaders; — crawler dumpers; — crawler loaders; — crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2]; — compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass. 1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration: — excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3]; — trenchers; — landfill compactors; — non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — pipelayers; — horizontal directional drills (HDD). 1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design. NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics. 1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered. [1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping. [2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat. [3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine.
This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders.
NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Amendment10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders. NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.
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