13.160 - Vibration and shock with respect to human beings
ICS 13.160 Details
Vibration and shock with respect to human beings
Personenbezogene Vibrationen
Vibrations, chocs et leurs effets sur l'homme
Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na ljudi
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The aim of this CEN report is to provide information on the possible adverse health effects caused by exposure to vibration at work. the report addresses manufacturers as well as employers and employees using vibrating machinery in order to improve their understanding of the possible health problems arising from occupational exposure to vibration.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The aim of this document is to provide information on the possible adverse health effects caused by exposure to vibration at work. The report addresses manufacturers, companies which introduce machinery on the EU market as well as employers and employees using vibrating machinery in order to improve their understanding of the possible health problems arising from occupational exposure to vibration.
This document is limited to the effects on health and does not cover the potential effects of vibration on comfort, human performance, or vibration perception. Most of the information on whole-body vibration in this document is based upon data available from research on human response to vibration of seated persons. There are only few data on the effects of vibration on persons in standing, reclining or recumbent positions.
The information on both hand-transmitted vibration and whole-body vibration is based upon data from laboratory research on acute effects as well as upon data from epidemiologic field-studies at workplaces.
Additional information can be obtained from the scientific literature.
- Technical report17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a coupling-force-dependent weighting of the r.m.s. value to the frequency-weighted acceleration, ahw. The procedure only applies to normal gripping situations (embracing a handle). If only part surfaces of the hand are exposed to vibration, the procedure is not applicable. The evaluation methods defined in this document are intended to enable research. This document provides guidance on an additional procedure to that defined in ISO 5349-1 for measuring and reporting hand-transmitted vibration exposures by taking into account the coupling force exerted on the vibrating surface. This document is intended to facilitate future research on hand-arm vibration risks and to complement data collected using the ISO 5349-1 methodology. This document does not apply as an alternative to ISO 5349-1. The data derived from this document does not apply to perform tasks in accordance with national regulations, guidelines or recommendations for workplace vibration or machinery vibration emissions. This document does not apply to the legal obligations related to the protection of workers from hand-arm vibration in the workplace and the declaration of vibration emissions from machinery. The methodology defined in this document is based only on biomechanical relationships between vibration transmission to the hand-arm system as a function of total forces. The influence of contact force and pressure on the surface of the hand remains unconsidered and requires further research.
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2021-10-04 - publication on hold - Received lack of compliance at Enquiry stage.
2021-08-24 - publication on hold - TC decision is missing to skip FV. 2021-10-04 decision received.
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2021-10-04 - publication on hold - Received lack of compliance at Enquiry stage.
2021-08-24 - publication on hold - TC decision is missing to skip FV. 2021-10-04 decision received.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a hand-held power tool operating under a specified load.
This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using nails, staples or pins.
This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3).
This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance.
NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustion-engine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers.
Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an indication of the values to be found in a real work situation.
Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort regarding low vibration design.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for determining the uncertainty of the measurement and evaluation of human exposure to vibration. It applies to measurements of vibration quantities (measurands), calculated following a relevant measurement model on the basis of directly measured values, to evaluate a) human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration at the workplace, b) vibration emission of hand-held and hand-guided machinery in a laboratory setting, c) human exposure to whole-body vibration at the workplace, and d) whole-body vibration emission of vehicles. Examples of the application of the individual methods in practical situations are provided in the annexes. In this document a measurement error is defined as the difference between a measured and a reference quantity value. In this document “uncertainty” does not include errors that result from bad measurement strategies, faulty use of measurement equipment or other mistakes.
- Technical specification32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines specifications covering laboratory tests for seats designed for passengers and crew in railway tractive and trailer vehicles. It concerns tri-axial rectilinear vibration within the frequency range 0,5 Hz to 50 Hz. It specifies the input test vibration to be used at seat testing. This document makes it possible to characterize, in the form of frequency response functions, the manner in which vibration is transmitted to the seat occupant. It also provides an estimator showing the behaviour of the seat in terms of dynamic comfort perceived by the seated person. Different types of excitations can be used and are described depending on knowledge of the vibration environment encountered by the seat and the capability of the vibration simulator.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener
driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a handheld power tool operating under a specified load.
This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using
nails, staples or pins.
This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact
actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3).
This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer
intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of
different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance.
NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological
effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handle of fastener driving tools. It is a type test procedure for establishing the vibration value on the handle of a hand-held power tool operating under a specified load. This document is applicable to fastener driving tools driven pneumatically or by other means, using nails, staples or pins. This document is applicable to tools with single sequential actuation, contact actuation, contact actuation with automatic reversion or continual contact actuation (see Figures 1 to 3). This document is not applicable to tools operating in full sequential mode due to their much longer intervals in between individual actuations. However, to provide an indication for comparison of different tools of this type (see Figures 4 and 5), Annex C provides informative guidance. NOTE Today current knowledge does not allow any conclusions regarding physiological and pathological effects between isolated shocks and continuous shock sequences, and their repetition rates.
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This document summarizes descriptive quantities for those responsible (e.g. scientists, safety engineers) for determination of postures for a seated person who is exposed to whole-body vibration. It is the intention that the results of different methods can be easily related to these quantities and that they allow for a common terminology between practitioners. The focus of this document is to offer a collection of ideas on how to measure postures in practice. The postures determined can also be used as a basis for further investigation or as a means of comparison for different methods. Although some of the approaches described here can be applied to standing or recumbent positions, additional considerations are likely to be required in these cases. NOTE 1 This work is closely related to International Standards which focus on static postures (ISO 11226[4]) or on radiologically accessible landmarks, i.e. points on the body (ISO 8727[3]). Additionally, this document deals with dynamic postures where body angles or associated movements are determined visually or by measuring points on the skin or clothing. NOTE 2 Nevertheless, ISO 8727[3] and ISO 11226[4] put forward principles for further extensions of posture determination which are followed in this document, in particular for measurements of body angles. This document does not specify sampling strategies or evaluation methods.
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This part of IS0 2631 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body
vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will
be acceptable. Informative annexes indicate current opinion and provide guidance on the possible effects of
vibration on health, comfort and perception and motion sickness. The frequency range considered is
- 0,5 Hz to 80 Hz for health, comfort and perception, and
- 0,l Hz to 0,5 Hz for motion sickness.
Although the potential effects on human performance are not covered, most of the guidance on whole-body
vibration measurement also applies to this area. This part of IS0 2631 also defines the principles of preferred
methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. It does not apply to the evaluation of extrememagnitude single shocks such as occur in vehicle accidents.
This part of IS0 2631 is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the supporting
surfaces: the feet of a standing person, the buttocks, back and feet of a seated person or the supporting area of a
recumbent person. This type of vibration is found in vehicles, in machinery, in buildings and in the vicinity of
working machinery.
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ISO 2631-2:2003 concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration and shock in buildings with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants. It specifies a method for measurement and evaluation, comprising the determination of the measurement direction and measurement location. It defines the frequency weighting Wm which is applicable in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz where the posture of an occupant does not need to be defined.
Whilst it is often the case that a building will be available for experimental investigation, many of the concepts contained within ISO 2631-2 would apply equally to a building in the design process or where it will not be possible to gain access to an existing building. In these cases, reliance will have to be placed on the prediction of the building response by some means.
ISO 2631-2 does not provide guidance on the likelihood of structural damage, which is discussed in ISO 4866. Further, it is not applicable to the evaluation of effects on human health and safety.
Acceptable magnitudes of vibration are not stated in ISO 2631-2.
The mathematical definition of the frequency weighting Wm is given in Annex A. Guidelines for collecting data concerning complaints about building vibration are given in Annex B.
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This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized
conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustionengine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers,
edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers.
Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an
indication of the values to be found in a real work situation.
Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort
regarding low vibration design.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM).
This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times.
This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal daily vibration exposure.
This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a vibration test code for determining, efficiently and under standardized conditions, the magnitude of vibration at the handles of portable hand-held, internal-combustion-engine-powered forest and garden machinery, including chain-saws, brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, edgers, pole-mounted powered pruners, hedge-trimmers and garden-blowers. Although the magnitudes measured are obtained in an artificial operation, they nevertheless give an indication of the values to be found in a real work situation. Vibration test codes, as described in this document, enable the manufacturer to verify the effort regarding low vibration design.
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This document specifies methods and procedures for analysing and interpreting vibrotactile perception thresholds and threshold shifts. Procedures for describing statistically significant changes in vibrotactile perception thresholds are recommended. This document is applicable to vibrotactile perception thresholds determined at the fingertips according to the provisions of ISO 13091‑1.
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This document describes the coupling parameters between the hands of a machine operator and a vibrating surface of the machine. The coupling between the hand and the vibrating surface can be described using different parameters and component parts of these parameters: — force parameters, such as push, pull and grip; — parameters such as pressure exerted on skin. In addition, Annexes A, B, C, D and E provide guidelines for measuring procedures, the measurement of the force and pressure parameters, and information on the requirements for measuring instrumentation, as well as a calibration method. This document does not deal with forces which act tangentially to the hand.
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- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM).
This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the
context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or
hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times.
This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum
performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal
daily vibration exposure.
This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also
performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum requirements for personal vibration exposure meters (PVEM). This document is applicable to instruments designed for measurements of whole-body vibration in the context of industrial hygiene applications (according to ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-2 and ISO 2631-4) and/or hand-arm vibration (according to ISO 5349-1) together with the associated exposure times. This document provides specified design goals and permitted tolerances that define the minimum performance capabilities and functional requirements of instruments designed to measure personal daily vibration exposure. This document does not apply to instruments designed to measure or log exposure times without also performing vibration measurement. Instrumentation of this type is described in ISO/TR 19664.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines.
1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165.
1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:
— rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass;
— articulated-frame dumpers;
— scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1];
— wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass;
— graders;
— wheeled dozers;
— soil compactors;
— backhoe loaders;
— crawler dumpers;
— crawler loaders;
— crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2];
— compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass.
1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration:
— excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3];
— trenchers;
— landfill compactors;
— non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— pipelayers;
— horizontal directional drills (HDD).
1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design.
NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics.
1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.
[1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping.
[2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat.
[3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives guidelines for estimating, assessing and documenting the daily vibration exposure due to the use of hand-held power tools and hand-guided machines, according to the requirements of the European Physical Agents Directive (vibration) 2002/44/EC. This Technical Report is addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organisations. It helps to establish documentation for specific machinery or work situations and can also be useful for employers.
It follows the method of EN ISO 5349-1 and EN ISO 5349-2 but instead of measuring the vibration magnitudes at the specific workplaces, the methods in this Technical Report use existing vibration values from other sources of information including those provided by the manufacturers of the machinery according to the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. It is important that the vibration values used in the exposure assessment are representative of those in the specific use of the machinery. Workplace measurements, however, are required if suitable data are not available to represent the vibration under the specific working conditions or if the calculation results do not help to decide whether or not the vibration exposure limit value or exposure action value is likely to be exceeded.
This Technical Report gives guidance on how to estimate the exposure duration and the daily vibration exposure A(8) as defined in EN ISO 5349-1. It also offers a simple method for estimating the daily vibration exposure by means of a table which indicates the vibration exposure as a function of the equivalent vibration total value and the associated exposure duration. Both methods can be used even in cases of multiple exposures on the same day.
Annex A gives guidance for manufacturers and suppliers of machinery concerning information that warns of risks from vibration, which should be reported to the customer.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this technical report is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand arm vibration or whole body vibration).
This Technical Report is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability ...) taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV ...).
Although this report has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers of data bases is covered.
Also this report provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources e. g. tools, machines and working conditions (see annex B). This technical report provides a method for classifying the quality of vibration data.
- Technical report84 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to provide information about a procedure based on the determination of a visual index correlated with the content of textile fibres, which are free and bounded to the rubber, of granulates. This approach is currently used by Spanish grinders in order to control the efficiency of their processes and is effective for granulates with particle sizes the bottom limit of which is more than 0,5 mm, and upper limit less than 10 mm.
NOTE Part of this document is also the presentation of a study carried by Valoriza Servicios Medioambientales and Geneus Canarias S.L.
A test procedure for the determination of a visual index of the content of the textile fibre of a granulate sample, which is free and bounded to the rubber, from the ELT’s processing is described in UNE 53936:2015 EX: Materials produced from end of life tyres. Rubber granulates.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for estimating and documenting the daily vibration exposure due to the use of hand-held power tools and hand-guided machines, in relation to the requirements of the European Physical Agents Directive (vibration) 2002/44/EC. This document is addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
The methods in this document are based on the requirements and guidance given in EN ISO 5349 1 and EN ISO 5349 2 but instead of measuring the vibration magnitudes at the specific workplaces, the methods in this document use existing vibration values from other sources of information including those provided by the manufacturers of the machinery in relation to the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document gives guidance on how to estimate the exposure time and the daily vibration exposure A(8) as defined in EN ISO 5349 1. It also offers a simple method for estimating the daily vibration exposure by means of a table which indicates the vibration exposure as a function of the equivalent vibration total value and the associated exposure time. Both methods can be used even in cases of multiple exposures on the same day.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to give guidelines for elaborating databases on human vibration for different purposes (emission or immission) and types of exposure (hand-arm vibration or whole-body vibration).
This document is restricted to cases where vibration affects persons at work. It is mainly addressed to competent services for the assessment of vibration exposure at the workplace and to national authorities and industrial organizations.
It defines basic requirements to get databanks respecting quality criteria (information to be given regarding exposure, reference standards, machines, persons, key parts, data origin and traceability) taken into account the type of exposure (HAV, WBV).
Although this document has been mainly designed to facilitate the exchange of data between experts, a section explains the minimum information to be provided and precautions to be taken for databases opened to public. The way the data should be formatted to facilitate the exchange between developers of databases is covered.
Also this document provides proper terminology to qualify the different families of vibration sources e.g. tools, machines and working conditions (see Annex B). This document provides a method for classifying the quality of vibration data.
- Technical report84 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to provide a review of the studies that were performed on odour of ELT granulates.
- Technical report10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine.
This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders.
NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326-1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines.
1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in
ISO 6165.
1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines.
Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics:
— rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass;
— articulated-frame dumpers;
— scrapers without axle or frame suspension1);
— wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass;
— graders;
— wheeled dozers;
— soil compactors;
— backhoe loaders;
— crawler dumpers;
— crawler loaders;
— crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass2);
— compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass;
— skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass.
1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration:
— excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators3);
— trenchers;
— landfill compactors;
— non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— vibratory rollers, except soil compactors;
— pipelayers;
— horizontal directional drills (HDD).
1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earthmoving machines of conventional design.
NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics.
1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator’s feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines. 1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. 1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics: — rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass; — articulated-frame dumpers; — scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1]; — wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass; — graders; — wheeled dozers; — soil compactors; — backhoe loaders; — crawler dumpers; — crawler loaders; — crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2]; — compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass. 1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration: — excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3]; — trenchers; — landfill compactors; — non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — pipelayers; — horizontal directional drills (HDD). 1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design. NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics. 1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered. [1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping. [2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat. [3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.
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This Standard specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no-load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment10 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders. NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.
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2018-12-13 JF:Through Decision BT 177/2018, the BT approved the revised Annex ZA. CCMC will proceed with publication.
2017-08-28: publication on hold due to missing assessment
2018-03-23 JF: Annex ZA not in line with CEN Guide 414. CCMC is examining with the TC and the NAC which actions are required
2018-07-02 JF: TC revised Annex ZA in line with the CEN Guide 414 and EC expectations. CCMC requested the Consutlant's assessment of the revised Annex ZA with the indicative deadline of 20180808.
2018-11-07 JF: positive Consultant's assessment on Annex ZA. CCMC is preparing a BT document for approval of a revised Annex ZA.
2018-08-08 JF: revised Annex ZA was positively assessed by the Consultant. CCMC is preparing a BT document for decision about the incorporation of the Annex ZA into the draft standard and its publication,
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- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document describes the range of idealized values of the apparent mass modulus and phase applicable to seated individuals with and without a back support subjected to x-, y- and z‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration and to standing individuals subjected to z‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration under specific experimental conditions. Additionally, this document describes the range of idealized values of seat-to-head transmissibility modulus and phase applicable to seated individuals without a back support subjected to z‑axis sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration. The ranges of idealized values defined in this document are considered to be valid for subjects on a rigid seat (or standing on a rigid platform for z-axis only), with feet supported and vibrated. The range of idealized seat-to-head transmissibility values is considered to be applicable also to the condition with the feet hanging freely. For seated individuals subjected to sinusoidal or broad-band random vibration, the apparent mass values are defined over the frequency range of 0,5 Hz to 10 Hz for the x‑axis and y‑axis, and over the frequency range of 0,5 Hz to 20 Hz for the z‑axis. The frequency and amplitude characteristics of the vibration fall within the range for which most vibration exposure is likely to predominate while driving vehicles such as agricultural tractors, earth-moving machinery and fork-lift trucks. Application to automobiles is not covered by this document in view of the lack of a meaningful database for conditions involving posture and vibration excitation levels most likely associated with car driving. The upper and lower values of modulus and phase defined at each frequency for each of the biodynamic response functions considered represent the range of most probable or idealized values. The middle values represent overall weighted means of the human data and define the target values for general applications. Such applications can involve the development of mechanical analogues for laboratory seat testing, or of functions to correct for the human interface when representing the body as a rigid mass, or the development of analytical human body models to be used for whole-body vibration exposure estimations or for seat and cushion design optimization.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard54 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Amendment12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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2018-12-13 JF:Through Decision BT 177/2018, the BT approved the revised Annex ZA. CCMC will proceed with publication.
2017-08-28: publication on hold due to missing assessment
2018-03-23 JF: Annex ZA not in line with CEN Guide 414. CCMC is examining with the TC and the NAC which actions are required
2018-07-02 JF: TC revised Annex ZA in line with the CEN Guide 414 and EC expectations. CCMC requested the Consutlant's assessment of the revised Annex ZA with the indicative deadline of 20180808.
2018-11-07 JF: positive Consultant's assessment on Annex ZA. CCMC is preparing a BT document for approval of a revised Annex ZA.
2018-08-08 JF: revised Annex ZA was positively assessed by the Consultant. CCMC is preparing a BT document for decision about the incorporation of the Annex ZA into the draft standard and its publication,
- Amendment9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The assessment of human exposure to vibration, to both the hand-arm system and the whole body, at the workplace relies on the combined evaluation of both vibration magnitudes and exposure times. Determining these values can employ various instrumentation types and data sources. ISO/TR 19664:2017 provides guidance and explanation of concepts used for the following:
- measurement processes;
- instrumentation types;
- vibration magnitude source.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The assessment of human exposure to vibration, to both the hand-arm system and the whole body, at the workplace relies on the combined evaluation of both vibration magnitudes and exposure times. Determining these values can employ various instrumentation types and data sources. ISO/TR 19664:2017 provides guidance and explanation of concepts used for the following:
- measurement processes;
- instrumentation types;
- vibration magnitude source.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document addresses human exposure to multiple mechanical shocks, and it formulates requirements for the measurement of multiple shocks. The results of these measurements are then analyzed to provide information for the assessment of the risk of adverse health effects to the vertebral end-plates of the lumbar spine for seated individuals due to compression. Other injuries could develop even when there is no injury to the end plate. NOTE 1 Multiple mechanical shocks are shocks of different magnitude and shape that occur frequently at regular and irregular intervals during the measurement period. NOTE 2 As proposed in the annexes, the assessment of the current injury risk is based on measured representative exposures in combination with the individual exposure history. Prospective risks can be assessed by anticipated exposure durations. Manufacturers of measurement equipment are encouraged to develop a possibility for an on-site evaluation of the exposure. Two exposure regimes are distinguished in this document: one for severe conditions and one for less severe conditions. NOTE 3 Clause 4 contains the delineation of the two regimes. This document is applicable for unweighted vertical accelerations that have peak values up to 137,3 m/s2 (14 g) measured at the seat-occupant interface beneath the ischial tuberosities over a 0,01 Hz to 80 Hz measurement bandwidth. NOTE 4 The measurement bandwith is defined in 5.1. Caution is necessary when applying the method to severe exposures, particularly since peak accelerations of 137,3 m/s2 (14 g) are close to the physical limit that a spine can tolerate.
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ISO 8041-1:2017 specifies the performance specifications and tolerance limits for instruments designed to measure vibration values, for the purpose of assessing human response to vibration. It includes requirements for pattern evaluation, or validation, periodic verification and in situ checks, and the specification of vibration calibrators for in situ checks.
Vibration instruments specified in this document can be single instruments, combinations of instrumentation or computer-based acquisition and analysis systems.
Vibration instruments specified in this document are intended to measure vibration for one or more applications, such as the following:
- hand-transmitted vibration (see ISO 5349‑1);
- whole-body vibration (see ISO 2631‑1, ISO 2631‑2 and ISO 2631‑4);
- low-frequency whole-body vibration in the frequency range from 0,1 Hz to 0,5 Hz (see ISO 2631‑1).
Vibration instruments can be designed for measurement according to one or more of the frequency weightings defined within each of these applications.
Three levels of performance testing are defined in this document:
a) pattern evaluation or validation:
pattern evaluation, i.e. a full test of the instrument against the specifications defined in this document;
validation of one-off instruments, i.e. a limited set of tests of an individual vibration measuring system against the relevant specifications defined in this document;
b) periodic verification, i.e. an intermediate set of tests designed to ensure that an instrument remains within the required performance specification;
c) in situ checks, i.e. a minimum level of testing required to indicate that an instrument is likely to be functioning within the required performance specification.
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