Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information — Part 4: Conformance testing

ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether coded data and decoders meet requirements specified in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. Characteristics of coded data and decoders are defined for parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. The capabilities of a decoder specify which coded data the decoder can decode and reconstruct, by defining the subset of the standard that may be exploited in the coded data. Coded data can be decoded by a decoder if the characteristics of the coded data are within the subset of the standard specified by the decoder capabilities. Procedures are described for testing conformance of coded data and decoders to the requirements defined in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. Given the set of characteristics claimed, the requirements that must be met are fully determined by parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004 summarizes the requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how conformance with them can be tested. A set of conformance test sequences implemented according to those guidelines are provided as an electronic annex to ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004.

Technologies de l'information — Codage générique des images animées et des informations sonores associées — Partie 4: Essais de conformité

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Publication Date
12-Dec-2004
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13818-4
Second edition
2004-12-15


Information technology — Generic
coding of moving pictures and
associated audio information —
Part 4:
Conformance testing
Technologies de l'information — Codage générique des images
animées et des informations sonores associées —
Partie 4: Essais de conformité




Reference number
ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2004
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ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 14
4.1 Arithmetic operators. 14
4.2 Logical operators. 15
4.3 Relational operators. 15
4.4 Bitwise operators. 16
4.5 Assignment. 16
4.6 Mnemonics. 16
4.7 Constants. 17
5 Systems. 18
5.1 System bitstream characteristics. 18
5.1.1 General system bitstream characteristics. 18
5.1.2 Transport Stream specific characteristics . 18
5.1.3 Program Stream specific characteristics . 19
5.2 System bitstream tests. 19
5.2.1 Tests of Transport Streams . 20
5.2.2 Tests of Program Streams . 34
5.2.3 Tests of timing accuracy. 37
5.2.4 Buffer overflow/underflow tests for Transport Streams . 40
5.3 General system decoder capabilities. 40
5.3.1 Handling of decoder discontinuities. 41
5.3.2 Presentation timing. 42
5.3.3 Presentation synchronisation. 42
5.3.4 Support of variable bitrate within a program . 42
5.3.5 General capabilities for program acquisition. 43
5.3.6 Private data handling. 43
5.3.7 Support of trick modes. 43
5.3.8 Systems decoder requirements for forward compatibility. 44
5.4 Procedures to test system decoder conformance . 45
6 Video. 45
6.1 Definition of video bitstream compliance. 46
6.1.1 Requirements and restrictions related to profile-and-level. 46
6.1.2 Additional restrictions on bitstream applied by the encoder. 46
6.1.3 Encoder requirements and recommendations . 46
6.2 Procedure for testing bitstream compliance. 47
6.3 Definition of video decoder compliance. 48
6.3.1 Requirement on arithmetic accuracy (without IDCT) . 49
6.3.2 Requirement on arithmetic accuracy (with IDCT).49
6.3.3 Requirement on output of the decoding process and timing . 50
6.3.4 Requirement for compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172-2 (MPEG-1 video) . 50
6.3.5 Requirements for compatibility between various profile-and-level combinations . 50
6.3.6 Requirement for forward compatibility of future extensions . 51
6.3.7 Requirements related to zero byte stuffing, user data and reserved extensions . 51
6.3.8 Recommendations. 51
6.4 Procedure to test decoder compliance. 52
6.4.1 Static tests. 52
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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
6.4.2 Dynamic tests.52
6.4.3 Specification of the test bitstreams.52
6.4.4 Implementation of the static test .60
6.4.5 Implementation of the dynamic test.61
6.4.6 Decoder conformance.61
6.5 Conformance of scalable bitstreams and decoders.64
6.5.1 Definition of scalable video bitstream hierarchy compliance .65
6.5.2 Procedure for testing bitstream compliance.65
6.5.3 Definition of video decoder compliance .65
6.5.4 Procedure to test decoder compliance.66
7 Audio.67
7.1 Audio bitstreams.67
7.1.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies.67
7.1.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio.67
7.2 Audio bitstream tests.68
7.2.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies.68
7.2.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio.69
7.3 Audio decoder characteristics.71
7.3.1 Extension of ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio coding to lower sampling frequencies.71
7.3.2 Low bit rate coding of Multichannel Audio.71
7.4 Audio decoder tests.73
7.4.1 Calculation for RMS .74
7.4.2 Descriptions of the audio test bitstreams .75
8 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) .78
8.1 Introduction.78
8.2 Scope.78
8.3 AAC bitstream characteristics .78
8.4 Decoder characteristics.79
8.4.1 Profile specification.79
8.4.2 Decoder modifications.80
8.4.3 Decoder buffer requirements.80
8.5 Procedure to test bitstream conformance.81
8.5.1 Profile specification.81
8.5.2 ADIF and ADTS.81
8.5.3 Bitstream payload.82
8.5.4 ics_info().82
8.5.5 tns_data().84
8.5.6 extension_payload().87
8.5.7 dynamic_range_info().87
8.5.8 excluded_channels().87
8.6 Procedure to test decoder conformance .87
8.6.1 Calculation of RMS.88
8.6.2 Test bitstream properties .89
8.6.3 Descriptions of the ISO/IEC 13818-7 (AAC) audio test bitstreams.90
Annex A (informative) Systems test bitstreams .95
Annex B (informative) Systems decoder characteristics beyond coformance.96
B.1 Number of PIDs that can be processed .96
B.2 Error handling.96
B.3 Program acquisition.97
B.4 Input processing capabilities.97
B.5 Presentation timing.97
Annex C (informative) Video test bitstreams .98
Annex D (informative) Audio test bitstreams.99
Annex E (informative) Patent statements.100
Annex F (informative) Description of bitstream al10.102
Bibliography.105

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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 13818-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, of which it constitutes a minor revision. It also
incorporates the Amendments ISO 13818-4/Amd.1:1999, ISO 13818-4/Amd.2:2000 and ISO 13818-
4/Amd.3:2000 and the Technical Corrigenda ISO 13818-4/Cor.2:1998, ISO 13818-4/Amd.1:1999/Cor.1:2003
and ISO 13818-4/Amd.3:2000/Cor.1:2003.
ISO/IEC 13818 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Generic
coding of moving pictures and associated audio information:
 Part 1: Systems
 Part 2: Video
 Part 3: Audio
 Part 4: Conformance testing
 Part 5: Software simulation [Technical Report]
 Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC
 Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
 Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders
 Part 10: Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC)
 Part 11: IPMP on MPEG-2 systems
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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
Introduction
Parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818 specify a multiplex structure and coded representations of audio-visual
information. Parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818 allow for large flexibility, achieving suitability of ISO/IEC
13818 for many different applications. The flexibility is obtained by including parameters in the bitstream that
define the characteristics of coded bitstreams. Examples are the audio sampling frequency, picture size,
picture rate and bitrate parameters.
This part of ISO/IEC 13818 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders
meet the requirements as specified in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. These tests can be used for
various purposes such as:
- Manufacturers of encoders, and their customers, can use the tests to verify whether the encoder
produces valid bitstreams.
- Manufacturers of decoders and their customers can use the tests to verify whether the decoder meets the
requirements specified in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818 for the claimed decoder capabilities.
The International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 13818 may involve the
use of patents.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statements of the holders of these patents right are registered with ISO and IEC. Information may
be obtained from the companies listed in Annex E.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 13818 may be the
subject of patent rights other than those identified in Annex E. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)

Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures
and associated audio information —
Part 4:
Conformance testing
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 13818 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders
meet requirements specified in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. In this part of ISO/IEC 13818, encoders
are not addressed specifically. An encoder may be said to be an ISO/IEC 13818 encoder if it generates
bitstreams compliant with the syntactic and semantic bitstream requirements specified in parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of
ISO/IEC 13818.
Characteristics of coded bitstreams and decoders are defined for parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. The
characteristics of a bitstream define the subset of the standard that is exploited in the bitstream. Examples
are the applied values or range of the picture size and bitrate parameters. Decoder characteristics define the
properties and capabilities of the applied decoding process. An example of a property is the applied
arithmetic accuracy. The capabilities of a decoder specify which coded bitstreams the decoder can decode
and reconstruct, by defining the subset of the standard that may be exploited in decodable bitstreams. A
bitstream can be decoded by a decoder if the characteristics of the coded bitstream are within the subset of
the standard specified by the decoder capabilities.
Procedures are described for testing conformance of bitstreams and decoders to the requirements defined in
parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. Given the set of characteristics claimed, the requirements that must be
met are fully determined by parts 1, 2, 3 and 7 of ISO/IEC 13818. This part of ISO/IEC 13818 summarises the
requirements, cross references them to characteristics, and defines how conformance with them can be
tested. Guidelines are given on constructing tests to verify bitstream and decoder conformance. This
document gives guidelines on how to construct bitstream test suites to check or verify decoder conformance.
In addition, some test bitstreams implemented according to those guidelines are provided as an electronic
annex to this document.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of languages
ISO 8859-1, Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet
No. 1
ISO/IEC 11172-1, Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital
storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 1: Systems
ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993, Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital
storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 2: Video
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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital
storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 3: Audio
ISO/IEC 11172-4, Information technology — Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital
storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s — Part 4: Compliance testing
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio
information: Systems
ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio
information: Video
ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio
information — Part 3: Audio
ISO/IEC 13818-7:2004, Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio
information — Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
IEEE Std 1180-1990, IEEE Standard Specifications for the Implementations of 8 by 8 Inverse Discrete Cosine
Transform, December 6, 1990
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
3.1 16x8 prediction [video]: A prediction mode similar to field-based prediction but where the predicted
block size is 16x8 luminance samples.
3.2 AC coefficient [video]: Any DCT coefficient for which the frequency in one or both dimensions is
non-zero.
3.3 access unit [systems]: A coded representation of a presentation unit. In the case of audio, an
access unit is the coded representation of an audio frame.
In the case of video, an access unit includes all the coded data for a picture, and any stuffing that follows it,
up to but not including the start of the next access unit. If a picture is not preceded by a group_start_code or
a sequence_header_code, the access unit begins with the picture start code. If a picture is preceded by a
group_start_code and/or a sequence_header_code, the access unit begins with the first byte of the first of
these start codes. If it is the last picture preceding a sequence_end_code in the bitstream all bytes between
the last byte of the coded picture and the sequence_end_code (including the sequence_end_code) belong
to the access unit.
3.4 adaptive bit allocation [audio]: The assignment of bits to subbands in a time and frequency varying
fashion according to a psychoacoustic model.
3.5 adaptive multichannel prediction [audio]: A method of multichannel data reduction exploiting
statistical inter-channel dependencies.
3.6 adaptive noise allocation [audio]: The assignment of coding noise to frequency bands in a time
and frequency varying fashion according to a psychoacoustic model.
3.7 adaptive segmentation [audio]: A subdivision of the digital representation of an audio signal in
variable segments of time.
3.8 alias [audio]: Mirrored signal component resulting from sub-Nyquist sampling.
3.9 analysis filterbank [audio]: Filterbank in the encoder that transforms a broadband PCM audio signal
into a set of subsampled subband samples.
3.10 ancillary data [audio]: part of the bitstream that might be used for transmission of ancillary data.
3.11 audio access unit [audio]: For Layers I and II, an audio access unit is defined as the smallest part
of the encoded bitstream which can be decoded by itself, where decoded means "fully reconstructed
sound". For Layer III, an audio access unit is part of the bitstream that is decodable with the use of
previously acquired main information.
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ISO/IEC 13818-4:2004(E)
3.12 audio buffer [audio]: A buffer in the system target decoder for storage of compressed audio data.
3.13 audio sequence [audio]: A non-interrupted series of audio frames (base frames plus optional
extension frames) in which the following parameters are not changed:
- ID
- Layer
- Sampling Frequency
For Layer I and II, a decoder is not required to support a continuously variable bitrate (change in the bitrate
index) of the base stream. Such a relaxation of requirements does not apply to the extension stream.
3.14 B-field picture [video]: A field structure B-Picture.
3.15 B-frame picture [video]: A frame structure B-Picture.
3.16 B-picture; bidirectionally predictive-coded picture [video]: A picture that is coded using motion
compensated prediction from past and/or future reference fields or frames.
3.17 backward compatibility: A newer coding standard is backward compatible with an older coding
standard if decoders designed to operate with the older coding standard are able to continue to operate by
decoding all or part of a bitstream produced according to the newer coding standard.
3.18 backward motion
...

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