ISO/IEC 23000-7:2008
(Main)Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 7: Open access application format
Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 7: Open access application format
ISO/IEC 23000-7:2008 specifies a container format, which can contain any type of content and can also transport additional metadata. This packaging mechanism offers the possibility to enrich the content with human and machine-readable metadata and is not limited to a specific content type. Unlike other Application Formats, The Open Access Application Format is not a multimedia-based format.
Technologies de l'information — Format pour application multimédia (MPEG-A) — Partie 7: Format pour application d'accès ouvert
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23000-7
First edition
2008-08-15
Information technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A) —
Part 7:
Open access application format
Technologies de l'information — Format pour application multimédia
(MPEG-A) —
Partie 7: Format pour application d'accès ouvert
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2008
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...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23000-7
First edition
2008-08-15
Information technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A) —
Part 7:
Open access application format
Technologies de l'information — Format pour application multimédia
(MPEG-A) —
Partie 7: Format pour application d'accès ouvert
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO/IEC 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative References.1
3 Abbreviated terms .2
4 Namespace conventions .2
5 System overview .3
6 Technical Specification.3
6.1 Introduction.3
6.2 Digital Item Declaration.3
6.3 Identifiers.10
6.4 Metadata .10
6.5 Rights Expressions .13
6.6 Digital Signatures .14
6.7 Event Reporting.14
6.8 File format .22
Annex A (informative) An example of DID, DII and REL in Open Access .25
Annex B (informative) An example of MPEG-7 metadata in Open Access .28
Annex C (informative) An example of Event Reporting in Open Access .30
Annex D (informative) An example of derivation.33
Bibliography.36
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 23000-7 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 23000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Multimedia
application format (MPEG-A):
⎯ Part 1: Purpose for multimedia application formats [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 2: MPEG music player application format
⎯ Part 3: MPEG photo player application format
⎯ Part 4: Musical slide show application format
⎯ Part 5: Media streaming application format
⎯ Part 7: Open access application format
⎯ Part 8: Portable video application format
⎯ Part 9: Digital multimedia broadcasting application format
⎯ Part 10: Video surveillance application format
iv © ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The open access application format is a format to ease the exchange and promotion of open contents. It is
designed for the cases where users own rights to a piece of content and have an interest in releasing it in
such a way that other users can freely access it. However, the users do not want to make the content public
domain. Users want to release a piece of content that is governed in a “light-weight” form. This type of release
is called “open access” and the set of technologies that support it is called open access application format.
Examples of open access contents are publicity material and teasers. One important set of major potential
applications is represented by the BBC’s Creative Archive project. Another important application is in the
scientific area, where publications, research results or e-learning material are published.
Open access is an application format (AF) and is specified as Part 7 of MPEG-A (ISO/IEC 23000-7). The open
access AF defines a packaging format that can contain any type of content. Additionally, the AF contains a
license for each content, which describes how the content may be used. These licenses are created by the
authors of the content, who want to publish their content, but still want to retain some specific rights. The
license is in a machine-readable format and helps the consumer to understand, what he is allowed to do with
the content. Furthermore it enables the usage of automatic processing and interpretation of these licenses.
The open access AF is a standardized and interoperable solution for the release and exchange of contents. It
enables the author of a content to package his creation into a single container and publish it together with a
predefined license. It is designed to emphasize the exchange of contents and the re-usage or derivation of the
contents by other users.
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23000-7:2008(E)
Information technology — Multimedia application format
(MPEG-A) —
Part 7:
Open access application format
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a container format, which can contain any type of content and can also
transport additional metadata. This packaging mechanism offers the possibility to enrich the content with
human and machine-readable metadata and is not limited to a specific content type. Unlike other application
formats, the open access application format is not a multimedia-based format.
The open access application format doesn't use encryption mechanisms to protect the access of the content.
However the content can be protected by digital signatures, which allow the verification of the integrity,
authenticity and non-repudiation of the content.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country
codes
ISO 3166-2, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 2: Country
subdivision code
ISO/IEC 15938-5, Information technology — Multimedia content description interface — Part 5: Multimedia
description schemes
ISO/IEC 21000-2, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 2: Digital Item
Declaration
ISO/IEC 21000-3, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 3: Digital Item
Identification
ISO/IEC 21000-5, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 5: Rights Expression
Language
ISO/IEC 21000-9, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 9: File Format
ISO/IEC 21000-15, Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 15: Event Reporting
© ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved 1
3 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
DI Digital Item
DID Digital Item Declaration
DIDL Digital Item Declaration Language
DII Digital Item Identification
ER Event Report
ER-R Event Report Request
RDD Rights Data Dictionary
REL MPEG-21 Rights Expression Language
AF Application Format
OA Open Access
OAC Open Access Content
[1]
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
[1]
URL Uniform Resource Locator
[2]
XML Extensible Markup Language
4 Namespace conventions
Qualified names are written throughout this part of ISO/IEC 23000 consistently with a namespace prefix
followed by a colon followed by the local part of the qualified name. Table 1 contains these prefixes and the
corresponding namespace. If not declared otherwise, the default namespace in this document is defined as
urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDL-NS and the different prefixes are bound to the namespaces as listed in
the table.
Table 1 — Prefixes to Namespaces
Prefix Namespace
didl urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDL-NS
dii urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:01-DII-NS
er urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2007:01-ERL-OA-NS
m3x urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2006:01-REL-M3X-NS
m1x urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-REL-M1X-NS
mx urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2003:01-REL-MX-NS
r urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2003:01-REL-R-NS
sx urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2003:01-REL-SX-NS
mpeg7 urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2004
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xsi http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
NOTE The prefixes xml and xmlns are normatively defined by Namespaces in
XML (see W3C REC-xml-names-19990114). All other prefixes are informative and
are used by convention for consistency in this part of ISO/IEC 23000.
2 © ISO/IEC 2008 – All rights reserved
5 System overview
The Open Access Application Format provides mechanisms for the content consumer as well as the content
authors. The author uses the format to release his content with attached Meta-information about his content
and the corresponding license. The license can be embedded as a text, which can be presented, when the
consumer wants to open, copy or adapt the content. Furthermore, the format helps the author to notify the
consumer about the intended way of using the content. These intentions can be expressed with the MPEG-21
REL OAC profile, which consists of several rights and conditions that can be selected by the author. The
consumer of the content can be either a particular person or the public. The author can choose which specific
rights he wants to grant under certain conditions.
Additionally the author can apply MPEG-21 Event Reports, which can be used as a feedback mechanism.
Every time a consumer e.g. opens a released content, the author receives a report, which tells him, that his
content was extracted. A similar event can be generated, when a consumer wants to derive a content. Then,
the author of the content receives a notification that another user intends to reuse his content. When the
author finally releases the file, unique identifiers are assigned to the contents, so that they can be uniquely
identified.
The consumer uses the provided meta-information to ease the management of the available conte
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