ISO 19587:2021

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at elevated temperature in air atmospheric pressure - Determination of in-plane shear strength

This document specifies a method for the determination of in-plane shear strength of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at elevated temperature in air or inert atmosphere by the asymmetric four-point bending test on double-edge notched specimens. The shear strength in plane (1,2) can be evaluated, where direction 1 is that of the greater fraction of reinforcement and direction 2 is perpendicular to direction 1. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load or displacement rate), data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3). This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability and design data generation.

Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) — Propriétés mécaniques des composites céramiques à température élevée sous air à pression atmosphérique — Détermination de la résistance au cisaillement dans le plan

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Jan-2021
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 206 - Fine ceramics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 206/WG 4 - Composites
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 11-Jan-2021
• Due Date: 19-Oct-2020
• Completion Date: 11-Jan-2021

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 14065:2020 - General principles and requirements for bodies validating and verifying environmental information
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview

ISO 19587:2021 specifies a standardized method to determine the in‑plane shear strength of continuous fibre‑reinforced ceramic matrix composites (fine/advanced ceramics) at elevated temperature in air or inert atmospheres. The method uses an asymmetric four‑point bending test on double‑edge notched flat specimens so that shear failure between the notches governs fracture. ISO 19587:2021 supports consistent material characterization for development, comparison, quality assurance and design data generation.

Key Topics

• Scope and applicability: Applies to continuous fibre‑reinforced composites - unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, 2 < x ≤ 3).
• Test principle: Determination of shear strength in plane (1,2) (direction 1 = dominant reinforcement) by asymmetric four‑point bending of notched specimens.
• Specimen preparation: Guidance on test piece geometry, V‑notch placement and machining considerations; emphasizes that fabrication history and machining damage can affect results.
• Test environment: Elevated temperature testing in air or inert atmosphere; sensitivity to environment (e.g., slow‑crack‑growth in humid air) and the need to monitor/report temperature and water partial pressure when relevant.
• Test modes and rates: Procedures for using load or displacement control, recommended rates to minimize environmental effects or to replicate service conditions.
• Apparatus and instrumentation: Requirements for testing machines, asymmetric four‑point loading fixtures, heating systems, thermocouples (temperature measured at gauge center), data acquisition and dimensional measurement.
• Data handling and reporting: Calculation of shear strength from shear failure force and gauge section, test validity criteria, reporting format for reproducible results.

Applications and Users

ISO 19587:2021 is designed for:

• Materials scientists and composite engineers characterizing mechanical behavior of ceramic composites.
• Test laboratories performing elevated‑temperature mechanical tests.
• R&D teams doing material development and benchmarking.
• Quality assurance and certification groups requiring standardized test data for components in high‑temperature applications.
• Industries using advanced ceramics (aerospace, energy, automotive, industrial turbines, heat‑resistant components) that need reliable shear strength and design data.

Practical benefits include reproducible shear strength data for material selection, lifetime and reliability assessments, and input to structural design or finite‑element models.

Related Standards

• ISO 19634 - Ceramic composites: notations and symbols
• ISO 20507 - Fine ceramics vocabulary
• ISO 7500‑1 - Calibration of static testing machines
• ISO 3611 - Dimensional measuring equipment

Keywords: ISO 19587:2021, in‑plane shear strength, ceramic composites, fine ceramics, four‑point bending, double‑edge notched specimens, elevated temperature testing, continuous fibre‑reinforced, test methods, material characterization.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19587
First edition
2021-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at elevated temperature
in air atmospheric pressure —
Determination of in-plane shear
strength
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Propriétés mécaniques des composites céramiques
à température élevée sous air à pression atmosphérique —
Détermination de la résistance au cisaillement dans le plan
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Significance and use . 5
5.1 Test environment . 5
5.2 Material orientation . 6
5.3 Preparation of test pieces . 6
5.4 Failures outside gauge section . 6
5.5 Thin test pieces . 6
6 Apparatus . 6
6.1 Test machine . 6
6.2 Loading devices . 6
6.3 Test fixture . 6
6.4 Heating apparatus . 7
6.5 Temperature measurement . 7
6.6 Data recording system . 7
6.7 Dimension-measuring devices . 7
7 Test pieces . 7
7.1 Test piece geometry . 7
7.2 Test piece preparations . 8
7.3 Number of specimen tests . 8
8 Test conditions . 8
8.1 Test modes and rates . 8
8.1.1 General. 8
8.1.2 Displacement rate . 8
8.1.3 Load rate . 8
8.2 Test temperature . 8
9 Procedures . 9
9.1 Test piece dimensions . 9
9.2 Test preparation . 9
9.3 Test implementation . 9
9.3.1 Mounting of test piece on test fixture . 9
9.3.2 Heating of test piece . . 9
9.3.3 Loadings .10
9.4 Completion of testing .10
9.5 Test validity .11
10 Calculation of results .11
10.1 Shear strength .11
10.2 Error calculation .11
11 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) .13
Bibliography .16
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19587:2021(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at elevated temperature in air atmospheric pressure —
Determination of in-plane shear strength
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of in-plane shear strength of continuous
fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at elevated temperature in air or inert atmosphere by the
asymmetric four-point bending test on double-edge notched specimens. The shear strength in plane
(1,2) can be evaluated, where direction 1 is that of the greater fraction of reinforcement and direction
2 is perpendicular to direction 1. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load or
displacement rate), data collection and reporting procedures are addressed.
This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre-reinforcement:
unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x ≤ 3).
This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization,
reliability and design data generation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 19634, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Ceramic composites —
Notations and symbols
ISO 20507, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Vocabulary
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
IEC 60584-2, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19634 and ISO 20507 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
initial gauge section
S
initial area of test piece between notch roots
3.2
test temperature
T
temperature measured at the centre of the gauge section
3.3
applied force
F
force applied to a test piece
3.4
shear failure force
F
max
maximum force required to fracture a shear-loaded test piece
3.5
shear strength
τ
m
maximum shear stress which a material is capable of sustaining
Note 1 to entry: Shear strength is calculated from the shear failure force and the gauge section.
3.6
inner span
L
i
centre distance between two inner loading pins
3.7
outer span
L
a
centre distance between two outer loading pins
4 Principle
The in-plane shear strength of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic composites, as determined by this
document, is measured by the asymmetric four-point bending test at elevated temperature in air or
inert atmosphere. According to this test, the shear strength is determined by loading a test coupon in
the form of a rectangular flat strip with symmetric, centrally located V-notches using a mechanical
testing machine and an asymmetric four-point bending fixture. Failure of the test piece occurs by shear
force between the V-notches. Schematics of the test set-up and the test piece are shown in Figures 1 and
2, respectively. The free body, bending moment and shear force diagrams by the asymmetric four-point
bending flexure are illustrated in Figure 3.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Key
1 lower fixture 2 upper fixture
3 loading pin 4 test piece
5 loading ball 6 lower ram
7 upper ram
Figure 1 — Schematics of asymmetric four-point bending test set-up
Figure 2 — Geometry and dimensions of test piece
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Key
A free body diagram
B bending moment diagram
C shear force diagram
Figure 3 — Free body, bending moment and shear force diagrams of asymmetric four-point
bending
5 Significance and use
5.1 Test environment
The test environment can have an influence on the measured shear strength. In particular, the
behaviour of materials susceptible to slow-crack-growth fracture will be strongly influenced by the test
environment and testing rate. Testing to evaluate the maximum strength potential of a material shall
be conducted in inert environments, at sufficiently rapid testing rates or both, so as to minimize slow-
crack-growth effects. Conversely, testing can be conducted in environments and testing modes and
rates representative of service conditions to evaluate material performance under those conditions.
When testing is conducted in uncontrolled ambient air with the objective of evaluating maximum
strength potential, water partial pressure and temperature shall be monitored and reported, if the
tested materials are sensitive to these parameters.
5.2 Material orientation
In this method, the shear streng
...