ISO/TC 206/WG 4 - Composites

This document specifies a method for the determination of the tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity and strain at the maximum force of a resin-impregnated yarn specimen at ambient temperature. This method is applicable to yarns of ceramic fibres that are used as reinforcements in composite materials. The test results obtained by this method are applicable for quality control and comparison of the ceramic fibres. The outputs of this method are not to be mixed up with the strength of filaments derived from tensile tests on dry tows specified in ISO 22459.

This document specifies a method for the determination of in-plane shear strength of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at elevated temperature in air or inert atmosphere by the asymmetric four-point bending test on double-edge notched specimens. The shear strength in plane (1,2) can be evaluated, where direction 1 is that of the greater fraction of reinforcement and direction 2 is perpendicular to direction 1. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load or displacement rate), data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3). This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability and design data generation.

This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the distribution of strength and rupture strain of ceramic filaments within a multifilament tow at room temperature by performing a tensile test on a multifilament tow. This document applies to dry tows of continuous ceramic filaments that are assumed to act freely and independently under loading and exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to failure. The outputs of this method are not to be mixed up with the strengths of embedded tows determined by using ISO 24046[1]. [1] Under preparation.

This document specifies the conditions for the determination of hoop tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) tubes with continuous fibre-reinforcement at ambient temperature in air atmospheric pressure. This document is specific to the tubular geometries since fibre architecture and specimen geometry factors in composite tubes are distinctly different from those in flat specimens. This document provides information on the hoop tensile properties and stress-strain response, such as hoop tensile strength, hoop tensile strain at failure and elastic constants. The information can be used for material development, control of manufacturing (quality insurance), material comparison, characterization, reliability and design data generation for tubular components. This document addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test piece fabrication methods. It applies primarily to ceramic and/or glass matrix composite tubes with a continuous fibrous-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D filament winding and tape lay-up), bi-directional (2D braid and weave) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 x Values expressed in this document are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).

This document describes the flash method for the determination of thermal diffusivity of ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre reinforcement. In order to conform with the unidimensional heat transfer hypothesis, the experimental conditions are defined such that the material behaves in a homogeneous manner. This involves performing tests in one symmetry axis of the composite. The method is applicable to materials which are physically and chemically stable during the measurement, and covers the range of temperature from 100 K to 2 800 K. It is suitable for the measurement of thermal diffusivity values in the range 10−4 m2∙s−1 to 10−7 m2∙s−1.

ISO 19604:2018 specifies the conditions for determination of the stress-rupture time diagram of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (including carbon fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composite) at high temperature in air, vacuum and inert gas atmospheres under constant tensile loading. ISO 19604:2018 applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 NOTE 1 In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an antioxidation coating. NOTE 2 Since the main purpose of the test is to obtain the stress-rupture time data, the deformation measurement is not mandatory.

ISO 20323:2018 specifies the conditions for the determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite tubes with continuous fibre-reinforcement at ambient temperature in air atmospheric pressure. This document is specific to the tubular geometries since fibre architecture and specimen geometry factors are distinctly different in composite tubes than in flat specimens. ISO 20323:2018 provides information on the uniaxial tensile properties and tensile stress-strain response such as tensile strength and strain, tensile elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio. The information may be used for material development, control of manufacturing (quality insurance), material comparison, characterization, reliability and design data generation for tubular components. ISO 20323:2018 addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test piece fabrication methods. It applies primarily to ceramic and/or glass matrix composite tubes with a continuous fibrous-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D filament winding and tape lay-up), bi-directional (2D braid and weave) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 Values expressed in this document are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). NOTE In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an antioxidation coating.

ISO 19634:2017 defines the symbols to be used to represent physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics, as determined by methods described in relevant ISO publications, for ceramic matrix composites. It is aimed at avoiding confusion in reporting measurements and characteristics of products. Where possible, the definitions are in accordance with the relevant parts of ISO 80000. In addition, the symbols used in undertaking measurements of these characteristics are also defined.

ISO 19630:2017 specifies the conditions for the determination of tensile properties of single filaments of ceramic fibre such as tensile strength, Young modulus and fracture strain. The method applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strain to fracture less than or equal to 5 %. The method does not apply to carbon fibres that exhibit nonlinear stress-strain curve. The method does not apply to checking the homogeneity of strength properties of fibres, nor to assessing the effects of volume under stress. Statistical aspects of filament failure are not included.

ISO 19628:2017 describes two methods for the determination of the specific heat capacity of ceramic matrix composites with continuous reinforcements (1D, 2D, 3D). Unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tridirectional (XD, with 2 The two methods are: - method A: drop calorimetry; - method B: differential scanning calorimetry. They are applicable from ambient temperature up to a maximum temperature, depending on the method: method A can be used up to 2 250 K, while method B is limited to 1 900 K. NOTE Method A is limited to the determination of an average value of the specific heat capacity over a given temperature range and can give a larger spread of results.

ISO 18608:2017 describes a method for the classification of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials with respect to their sensitivity to crack propagation using tensile tests on notched specimens with different notch depths. Two classes of ceramic matrix composite materials can be distinguished: materials whose strength is sensitive to the presence of notches and materials whose strength is not affected. For sensitive materials, this document defines a method for determining equivalent fracture toughness. The parameter, Keq, is defined as the fracture toughness of a homogeneous material which presents the same sensitivity to crack propagation as the ceramic matrix composite material which is being considered. The definition of the Keq parameter offers the possibility to compare ceramic matrix composite materials with other materials with respect to sensitivity to crack propagation. For notch insensitive materials, the concept of Keq does not apply. ISO 18608:2017 applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1 D), bidirectional (2 D), and tridirectional (x D, where 2

ISO 18610:2016 specifies an ultrasonic method to determine the components of the elasticity tensor of ceramic matrix composite materials at room temperature. Young's moduli shear moduli and Poisson coefficients, can be determined from the components of the elasticity tensor. It applies to ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (×D, with 2 This method is applicable only when the ultrasonic wavelength used is larger than the thickness of the representative elementary volume, thus imposing an upper limit to the frequency range of the transducers used.

ISO 15733:2015 specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperatures. This International Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement. NOTE In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an antioxidation coating.

ISO 17138:2014 describes a method for the determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement, under three-point or four-point bend at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional xD with (2

ISO 17139:2014 describes methods for the determination of linear thermal expansion characteristics of ceramic matrix composite materials up to 2 300 K, and is applicable to 1D, 2D, and nD materials. The method describes general principles of construction, calibration, and operation of the equipment.

ISO 17142:2014 specifies the conditions for the determination of properties at constant-amplitude of load or strain in uniaxial tension/tension or in uniaxial tension/compression cyclic fatigue of ceramic matrix composite materials (CMCs) with fibre reinforcement for temperature up to 1 700 °C in air at atmospheric pressure. It applies to all ceramic matrix composites with fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, where 2 Its purpose is to determine the behaviour of CMC when subjected to mechanical fatigue and oxidation simultaneously. Tests for the determination of fatigue properties at high temperature in inert atmospheres differ from those in oxidative atmospheres. Contrary to an inert atmosphere, damage in an oxidative atmosphere accumulates due to the influence of purely mechanical fatigue and to chemical effects of the material's oxidation.

ISO 17140:2014 specifies the conditions for the determination of properties at constant-amplitude of load or strain in uniaxial tension/tension or in uniaxial tension/compression cyclic fatigue of ceramic matrix composite materials (CMCs) with fibre reinforcement at room temperature. It applies to all ceramic matrix composites with fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, where 2

ISO 17161:2014 describes a procedure to verify the degree of misalignment of the load train of the test machines using a reference test specimen uniformly loaded in tension or in compression, and to give indications in order to correct defects such as torsion and bending. ISO 17161:2014 is not intended to provide a quantitative and acceptable limit before the testing of ceramic matrix composites with a fibre reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3) loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement. This limit depends on the sensitivity of each type of composite to the misalignment defect.

ISO 14544:2013 specifies the conditions for determination of compression properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C. ISO 14544:2013 applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

ISO 14574:2013 specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C. ISO 14574:2013 applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

ISO 14603:2012 describes a test method for the determination of open-hole tensile strengths of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 This test method is useful for two different objectives. One is material characterizations including material selections, and the other is determination of the stress allowable for designing a component with holes.

ISO 20506:2005 specifies a method for the determination of in-plane shear strength of continuous-fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at ambient temperature by the Iosipescu test. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load rate or displacement rate), data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.

This document describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 x

ISO 20504:2006 describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional , bi-directional, and tri-directional, tested along one principal axis of reinforcement. This method may also be applied to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as: carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips.

ISO 20505:2005 specifies a method for the determination of interlaminar shear strength of continuous-fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at ambient temperature, by the compression of a double-notched test piece or by the Iosipescu test. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load rate or displacement rate), data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.