ISO 2846-2:2000

Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing — Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing

Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en quadrichromie — Partie 2: Impression lithographique offset rotatif coldset

Grafična tehnologija - Barvni učinki in prozornost sklanih (procesnih) tiskarskih barv - 2. del: Ofsetni tisk na rotacijah s hladnim sušenjem (cold-set)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 03-May-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 03-May-2000
• ICS: 87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 130 - Graphic technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 130/WG 4 - Media and materials
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 06-Dec-2007
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 2846-2:2005 - Graphic technology -- Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing -- Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing

Relations

• Revised: ISO 2846-2:2007 - Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing — Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-2
First edition
2000-04-15
Graphic technology — Colour
and transparency of ink sets
for four-colour-printing —
Part 2:
Coldset offset lithographic printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encres
d'impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 2: Impression lithographique offset rotatif coldset
Reference number
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 2846 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 2846-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of
ink sets for four-colour-printing:
� Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
� Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
� Part 3: Gravure printing
� Part 4: Screen printing
� Part 5: Flexographic printing
Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 2846. Annexes B to D are for information only.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Introduction
A working group consisting of TC 130/WG 4 and WG 3 experts for materials and process control examined the
colorimetric properties of coldset web offset inks from around the world and found that a single set of colour
coordinates could adequately represent these, within reasonable tolerances. This part of ISO 2846 is the result of
that activity. It will enable printers to obtain a reasonable consistency between one another and thereby ensure that
separations and digital images supplied to them can be used to best advantage.
This part of ISO 2846 will allow printers to obtain sets of process inks from various sources which will produce a
similar colour when printed on the reference substrate at the appropriate film thickness. This will allow colour
separations for coldset web offset printing to be based on known colour standards. The colorimetric characteristics
specified in this part of ISO 2846 may only be obtained when the inks are printed on the reference substrate.
However, similarity of two inks on the reference substrate will ensure similarity on another substrate.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets
for four-colour-printing —
Part 2:
Coldset offset lithographic printing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by inks intended for four-colour coldset
web offset printing when printed under specified conditions on a printability tester. It also describes the test method
to ensure conformance.
This part of ISO 2846 does not apply to fluorescent inks and does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance) in
order not to preclude developments which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously
while still achieving the colorimetric requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 2846. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 2846 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
ISO 2846-1:1997, Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour-printing — Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing.
ISO 2471:1998, Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method.
ISO 8791-4:1992, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4: Print-
surf method.
ISO 13655:1996, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 2846, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
coldset printing
web offset or letterpress printing without accelerated drying; ink sets by absorption into the substrate
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
3.2
standard ink
ink, intended for four-colour printing, which, when printed on the reference substrate and within the applicable
range of ink film thicknesses, complies to the colorimetric and transparency specifications of this part of ISO 2846
3.3
primary colours
colours of individual prints from yellow, magenta and cyan inks
NOTE If the prints are produced as specified in this part of ISO 2846 and conform to the colorimetric characteristics
specified, they are standard primary colours.
3.4
transparency
ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering
NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
3.5
transparency measurement value
T
reciprocal of the slope of the regression line between ink film thickness and colour difference for overprints of
chromaticinksoverblack
4 Test method
4.1 Principle
Each ink shall be printed on the reference substrate described in annex A at a range of ink film thicknesses. The
colours which result shall be measured colorimetrically. If one or more samples are found which conform to the
values and tolerances specified in this part of ISO 2846 that ink complies with this part of ISO 2846.
Transparency shall be evaluated by printing each of the three primary colours on a black substrate at a range of
film thicknesses. The CIELAB colour difference shall be determined for each sample, between the printed and
unprinted black, and the linear regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) between ink film thickness and
colour difference shall be calculated for each colour. An ink conforms to this part of ISO 2846 if the reciprocal of the
coefficient is negative or greater than the value specified in Table 2.
For a detailed description of procedures, together with examples, see annex D.
4.2 Test print preparation
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation
For each of the inks to be evaluated a number of test prints shall be made, each produced at a different ink film
thickness, according to the conditions specified below.
They shall be made on the reference substrate as specified in annex A. The range of ink film thicknesses produced
shall encompass that specified in 5.3.
� The print shall be made using a printability tester.
� Printing shall be directly from the printing forme to the substrate.
� The ambient temperature shall be (24� 1) °C.
� Prints shall be produced with a printing line pressure of (225� 25) N/cm at a speed of (1� 0,1) m/s.
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
� The printing forme, which shall be an elastomer or rubber blanket-covered roller, shall have a Shore A
hardness of between 80 and 85.
� The distribution time and the inking time shall not be greater than 60 s each. This does not include weighing
time.
� The inking unit and the printing forme shall be cleaned and re-inked after each print.
NOTE Solvent used to clean the printing forme may penetrate the material. Time must be allowed to ensure full
evaporation of the solvent. Using two printing formes alternately is recommended.
The amount of ink transferred to the substrate shall be determined by measuring the difference in mass of the
printing forme before and after printing using an analytical balance, accurate to at least four decimal places. This
amount shall be expressed in grams per square metre. Conversion to film thickness in micrometres shall be made
by using the mass density of the ink and the printed area.
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation
Test prints for transparency evaluation shall be produced by printing the inks to be tested on a black substrate.
Measurements of the CIELAB values of the black substrate shall be made prior to overprinting. The black shall
have a lightness (L*) less than 30 when determined according to ISO 13655.
1)
The ink to be tested shall then be printed on the black substrate , such that a range of samples, each with a
different ink film thickness, is achieved. The range should approximate that defined in 5.3.
4.2.3 Setting of test prints
Prior to colour measurement all printed samples shall be left for at least 12 h to enable setting of the ink.
4.2.4 Colour measurement procedure
Test prints shall be measured in accordance with ISO 13655, except that a substrate backing consisting of at least
seven sheets of the unprinted reference substrate shall be used.
NOTE The colorimetric values are related to the measurement procedure according to ISO 13655. This means that the
samples shall be measured spectrally, with a 0°/45° or 45°/0° geometry instrument, and for calculation of CIELAB values and for
the colour difference the CIE 1931 (2°) standard colorimetric observer data shall be used together with CIE standard
illuminant D .
50
5 Requirements for colour, transparency and ink film thickness ranges
5.1 Colour
For an ink to conform to this part of ISO 2846 it must meet the specifications for colour defined in Table 1, at some
ink film thickness within the range specified in 5.3, and the specification for transparency defined in 5.2.
To meet the specification for colour an ink shall produce a colour that falls within the colour difference tolerances
from the specified colorimetric values given in Table 1 at some ink film thickness within the range specified in
Table 2 when printed as defined in 4.2.1.
1) Such a substrate (product code 1800399) is available at NPES The Association for Suppliers of Printing, Publishing and
Converting Technologies, 1899 Preston White Drive, Reston, Virginia, 22091-4367.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Table 1 — Colorimetric values
CIELAB values Tolerances
Ink
L* a* b*
�E * �L* �a* �b*
ab
Yellow 80,90 – 2,85 61,79 4,0
Magenta 54,60 49,95 0,39 5,0
Cyan 59,00 – 25,07 –27,41 3,0
0 a
Black 40,00 1,60 4,52 � 1,0 � 2,0
� 40
a
This means that for black there is no symmetrical tolerance for L* but an upper limit.
NO
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
01-januar-2005
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD%DUYQLXþLQNLLQSUR]RUQRVWVNODQLKSURFHVQLKWLVNDUVNLK
EDUYGHO2IVHWQLWLVNQDURWDFLMDKVKODGQLPVXãHQMHPFROGVHW
Graphic technology -- Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour-printing
-- Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
Technologie graphique -- Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encre d'impression en
quadrichromie -- Partie 2: Impression lithographique offset rotatif coldset
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2846-2:2000
ICS:
17.180.20 Barve in merjenje svetlobe Colours and measurement of
light
87.080 Barvila. Tiskarske barve Inks. Printing inks
SIST ISO 2846-2:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2846-2
First edition
2000-04-15
Graphic technology — Colour
and transparency of ink sets
for four-colour-printing —
Part 2:
Coldset offset lithographic printing
Technologie graphique — Couleur et transparence des gammes d'encres
d'impression en quadrichromie —
Partie 2: Impression lithographique offset rotatif coldset
Reference number
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 2846 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 2846-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of
ink sets for four-colour-printing:
� Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
� Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
� Part 3: Gravure printing
� Part 4: Screen printing
� Part 5: Flexographic printing
Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 2846. Annexes B to D are for information only.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Introduction
A working group consisting of TC 130/WG 4 and WG 3 experts for materials and process control examined the
colorimetric properties of coldset web offset inks from around the world and found that a single set of colour
coordinates could adequately represent these, within reasonable tolerances. This part of ISO 2846 is the result of
that activity. It will enable printers to obtain a reasonable consistency between one another and thereby ensure that
separations and digital images supplied to them can be used to best advantage.
This part of ISO 2846 will allow printers to obtain sets of process inks from various sources which will produce a
similar colour when printed on the reference substrate at the appropriate film thickness. This will allow colour
separations for coldset web offset printing to be based on known colour standards. The colorimetric characteristics
specified in this part of ISO 2846 may only be obtained when the inks are printed on the reference substrate.
However, similarity of two inks on the reference substrate will ensure similarity on another substrate.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets
for four-colour-printing —
Part 2:
Coldset offset lithographic printing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by inks intended for four-colour coldset
web offset printing when printed under specified conditions on a printability tester. It also describes the test method
to ensure conformance.
This part of ISO 2846 does not apply to fluorescent inks and does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance) in
order not to preclude developments which may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously
while still achieving the colorimetric requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 2846. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 2846 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 536:1995, Paper and board — Determination of grammage.
ISO 2846-1:1997, Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour-printing — Part 1:
Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing.
ISO 2471:1998, Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method.
ISO 8791-4:1992, Paper and board — Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) — Part 4: Print-
surf method.
ISO 13655:1996, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts
images.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 2846, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
coldset printing
web offset or letterpress printing without accelerated drying; ink sets by absorption into the substrate
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
3.2
standard ink
ink, intended for four-colour printing, which, when printed on the reference substrate and within the applicable
range of ink film thicknesses, complies to the colorimetric and transparency specifications of this part of ISO 2846
3.3
primary colours
colours of individual prints from yellow, magenta and cyan inks
NOTE If the prints are produced as specified in this part of ISO 2846 and conform to the colorimetric characteristics
specified, they are standard primary colours.
3.4
transparency
ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering
NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
3.5
transparency measurement value
T
reciprocal of the slope of the regression line between ink film thickness and colour difference for overprints of
chromaticinksoverblack
4 Test method
4.1 Principle
Each ink shall be printed on the reference substrate described in annex A at a range of ink film thicknesses. The
colours which result shall be measured colorimetrically. If one or more samples are found which conform to the
values and tolerances specified in this part of ISO 2846 that ink complies with this part of ISO 2846.
Transparency shall be evaluated by printing each of the three primary colours on a black substrate at a range of
film thicknesses. The CIELAB colour difference shall be determined for each sample, between the printed and
unprinted black, and the linear regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) between ink film thickness and
colour difference shall be calculated for each colour. An ink conforms to this part of ISO 2846 if the reciprocal of the
coefficient is negative or greater than the value specified in Table 2.
For a detailed description of procedures, together with examples, see annex D.
4.2 Test print preparation
4.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation
For each of the inks to be evaluated a number of test prints shall be made, each produced at a different ink film
thickness, according to the conditions specified below.
They shall be made on the reference substrate as specified in annex A. The range of ink film thicknesses produced
shall encompass that specified in 5.3.
� The print shall be made using a printability tester.
� Printing shall be directly from the printing forme to the substrate.
� The ambient temperature shall be (24� 1) °C.
� Prints shall be produced with a printing line pressure of (225� 25) N/cm at a speed of (1� 0,1) m/s.
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST ISO 2846-2:2005
ISO 2846-2:2000(E)
� The printing forme, which shall be an elastomer or rubber blanket-covered roller, shall have a Shore A
hardness of between 80 and 85.
� The distribution time and the inking time shall not be greater than 60 s each. This does not include weighing
time.
� The inking unit and the printing forme shall be cleaned and re-inked after each print.
NOTE Solvent used to clean the printing forme may penetrate the material. Time must be allowed to ensure full
evaporation of the solvent. Using two printing formes alternately is recommended.
The amount of ink transferred to the substrate shall be determined by measuring the difference in mass of the
printing forme before and after printing using an analytical balance, accurate to at least four decimal places. This
amount shall be expressed in grams per square metre. Conversion to film thickness in micrometres shall be made
by using the mass density of the ink and the printed area.
4.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation
Test prints for transparency evaluation shall be produced by printing the inks to be tested on a black substrate.
Measurements of the CIELAB values of the black substrate shall be made prior to overprinting. The black shall
have a lightness (L*) less than 30 when determined according to ISO 13655.
1)
The ink to be tested shall then be printed on the black substrate , such that a range of samples, each with a
different ink film thickness, is achieved. The range should approximate that defined in 5.3.
4.2.3 Setting of test prints
Prior to colour measurement all printed samples shall be left for at least 12 h to enable setting of the ink.
4.2.4 Colour measurement procedure
Test prints shall be measured in accordance with ISO 13655, except that a substrate backing consisting of at least
seven sheets of the unprinted reference substrate shall be used.
NOTE The colorimetric values are related to the measurement procedure according to ISO 13655. This means that the
samples shall be measured spectrally, with a 0°/45° or 45°/0° geometry instrument, and for calculation of CIELAB values and for
the colour difference the CIE 1931 (2°) standard colorimetric observer data shall be used together with CIE standard
illuminant D .
50
5 Requirements for colour, transparency and ink film thickness ranges
5.1 Colour
For an ink to conform to this part of ISO 2846 it must meet the specifications for colour defined in Table 1, at some
ink film thickness within the range specified in 5.3, and the specification for transparency defined in 5.2.
To meet the specification for colour an ink shall produce a colour that falls within the colour difference tolerances
from the specified colorimetric values given in Table 1 at some ink film thickness within the range specified in
Table 2 when printed as defined in 4.2.1.
1) Such a substrate (product code 1800399) is available at NPES The Association for Suppliers of Printing, Publishing a
...