ISO 22551:2020
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Determination of bacterial reduction rate by semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment — Semi-dry method for estimating antibacterial activity on the actual environmental bacteria contamination surface
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Determination of bacterial reduction rate by semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment — Semi-dry method for estimating antibacterial activity on the actual environmental bacteria contamination surface
This document establishes a test method for determining the antibacterial activity of materials containing an indoor-light-active photocatalytic material on the surface. The antibacterial reduction rate is determined by measuring the survival of bacteria after illumination with indoor light. This test assumes a surface with high potential of possible person contact with bacteria. This test is designed to evaluate the suppression of contact infection of bacteria using an indoor-light-active photocatalytic material under indoor lighting environment. It is intended for use with different kinds of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials used in construction, for example, flat sheets, board or plate shapes, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. It is not applicable to powder, granular, or porous indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials, as well as cloths or textiles. It is applicable to indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial application. Other types of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials applications, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging, and air purification, are non-applicable by this method.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22551
First edition
2020-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of bacterial reduction
rate by semiconducting photocatalytic
materials under indoor lighting
environment — Semi-dry method
for estimating antibacterial activity
on the actual environmental bacteria
contamination surface
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Materials . 2
5.1 Bacteria strains and preparation for tests . 2
5.1.1 Bacteria strains . 2
5.1.2 Subculture of bacteria strains. 3
5.2 Chemicals and implements . 3
5.2.1 Dispersion medium for Staphylococcus epidermidis . 3
5.2.2 Dispersion medium for Escherichia coli . 3
5.2.3 1/5-concentration nutrient broth medium (1/5 NB) . 3
5.2.4 1/2-concentraion luris-bertani broth medium (1/2 LB). 3
5.2.5 Nutrient agar medium (NA medium) . 4
5.2.6 Soybean-casein digest broth with lecithin and polysorbate 80 (SCDLP medium) . 4
6 Apparatus . 4
7 Test piece . 5
8 Procedure. 5
8.1 Preparation of test bacterial solution . 5
8.1.1 Culturing of test bacteria . 5
8.1.2 Preparation of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2 Application of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2.1 Measurement of test piece mass . 5
8.2.2 Application of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2.3 Direct application method . 5
8.3 Indoor lighting condition . 6
8.3.1 Measurement of luminance and preparation of setting position of test pieces . 6
8.3.2 Light exposure time . . 6
8.3.3 Test pieces inoculated with test bacterial solution under light condition . 6
8.3.4 Test pieces inoculated with test bacterial solution under dark condition . 6
8.4 Measurement of number of living bacteria . 7
8.4.1 Washout of inoculated bacteria . 7
8.4.2 Measurement of bacterial concentration in washout solution . 7
8.4.3 Measurement of bacterial concentration in test bacterial solution . 7
9 Calculation . 8
9.1 General . 8
9.2 Test requirement fulfilment validation . 8
9.3 Calculation of reduction rate of living bacteria . 9
10 Test report .10
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document applies to testing the antibacterial activity of indoor-light-active photocatalytic
ceramics and other materials, produced by either coating or mixing of a light-active photocatalyst
in a simulated indoor lighting environment. The International Standard for testing the antibacterial
activity of photocatalytic materials has been published as ISO 27447 and the International Standard for
testing the antibacterial activity of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials has been published as
ISO 17094.
Recently, it was discovered that antibacterial activities by indoor-light-active photocatalyst showed
different results between the ISO 17094 testing in a laboratory and the evaluation in a real environment.
Thus, the ISO 17094 testing method should be complemented by a testing method that simulates an
indoor lighting environment.
ISO 17094 is one of the best methods for measuring the potential of antibacterial activity using
photocatalysts. This document can measure the reduction rate of living bacteria by testing with impure
substances similar to an indoor lighting environment.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22551:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of bacterial reduction rate by
semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor
lighting environment — Semi-dry method for estimating
antibacterial activity on the actual environmental bacteria
contamination surface
WARNING — Handling and manipulation of microorganisms that are potentially hazardous
requires a high degree of technical competence. Only personnel trained in microbiological
techniques should carry out tests.
1 Scope
This document establishes a test method for determining the antibacterial activity of materials
containing an indoor-light-active photocatalytic material on the surface. The antibacterial reduction
rate is determined by measuring the survival of bacteria after illumination with indoor light. This test
assumes a surface with high potential of possible person contact with bacteria. This test is designed
to evaluate the suppression of contact infection of bacteria using an indoor-light-active photocatalytic
material under indoor lighting environment.
It is intended for use with different kinds of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials used in
construction, for example, flat sheets, board or plate shapes, which are the basic forms of materials for
various applications. It is not applicable to powder, granular, or porous indoor-light-active photocatalytic
materials, as well as cloths or textiles.
It is applicable to indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial application.
Other types of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials applications, i.e. decomposition of water
contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging, and air purification, are non-applicable by this method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14605, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Light source for testing
semiconducting photocatalytic materials used under indoor lighting environment
ISO 17094:2014, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for
antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22551
First edition
2020-01
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of bacterial reduction
rate by semiconducting photocatalytic
materials under indoor lighting
environment — Semi-dry method
for estimating antibacterial activity
on the actual environmental bacteria
contamination surface
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Materials . 2
5.1 Bacteria strains and preparation for tests . 2
5.1.1 Bacteria strains . 2
5.1.2 Subculture of bacteria strains. 3
5.2 Chemicals and implements . 3
5.2.1 Dispersion medium for Staphylococcus epidermidis . 3
5.2.2 Dispersion medium for Escherichia coli . 3
5.2.3 1/5-concentration nutrient broth medium (1/5 NB) . 3
5.2.4 1/2-concentraion luris-bertani broth medium (1/2 LB). 3
5.2.5 Nutrient agar medium (NA medium) . 4
5.2.6 Soybean-casein digest broth with lecithin and polysorbate 80 (SCDLP medium) . 4
6 Apparatus . 4
7 Test piece . 5
8 Procedure. 5
8.1 Preparation of test bacterial solution . 5
8.1.1 Culturing of test bacteria . 5
8.1.2 Preparation of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2 Application of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2.1 Measurement of test piece mass . 5
8.2.2 Application of test bacterial solution . 5
8.2.3 Direct application method . 5
8.3 Indoor lighting condition . 6
8.3.1 Measurement of luminance and preparation of setting position of test pieces . 6
8.3.2 Light exposure time . . 6
8.3.3 Test pieces inoculated with test bacterial solution under light condition . 6
8.3.4 Test pieces inoculated with test bacterial solution under dark condition . 6
8.4 Measurement of number of living bacteria . 7
8.4.1 Washout of inoculated bacteria . 7
8.4.2 Measurement of bacterial concentration in washout solution . 7
8.4.3 Measurement of bacterial concentration in test bacterial solution . 7
9 Calculation . 8
9.1 General . 8
9.2 Test requirement fulfilment validation . 8
9.3 Calculation of reduction rate of living bacteria . 9
10 Test report .10
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document applies to testing the antibacterial activity of indoor-light-active photocatalytic
ceramics and other materials, produced by either coating or mixing of a light-active photocatalyst
in a simulated indoor lighting environment. The International Standard for testing the antibacterial
activity of photocatalytic materials has been published as ISO 27447 and the International Standard for
testing the antibacterial activity of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials has been published as
ISO 17094.
Recently, it was discovered that antibacterial activities by indoor-light-active photocatalyst showed
different results between the ISO 17094 testing in a laboratory and the evaluation in a real environment.
Thus, the ISO 17094 testing method should be complemented by a testing method that simulates an
indoor lighting environment.
ISO 17094 is one of the best methods for measuring the potential of antibacterial activity using
photocatalysts. This document can measure the reduction rate of living bacteria by testing with impure
substances similar to an indoor lighting environment.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22551:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of bacterial reduction rate by
semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor
lighting environment — Semi-dry method for estimating
antibacterial activity on the actual environmental bacteria
contamination surface
WARNING — Handling and manipulation of microorganisms that are potentially hazardous
requires a high degree of technical competence. Only personnel trained in microbiological
techniques should carry out tests.
1 Scope
This document establishes a test method for determining the antibacterial activity of materials
containing an indoor-light-active photocatalytic material on the surface. The antibacterial reduction
rate is determined by measuring the survival of bacteria after illumination with indoor light. This test
assumes a surface with high potential of possible person contact with bacteria. This test is designed
to evaluate the suppression of contact infection of bacteria using an indoor-light-active photocatalytic
material under indoor lighting environment.
It is intended for use with different kinds of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials used in
construction, for example, flat sheets, board or plate shapes, which are the basic forms of materials for
various applications. It is not applicable to powder, granular, or porous indoor-light-active photocatalytic
materials, as well as cloths or textiles.
It is applicable to indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial application.
Other types of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials applications, i.e. decomposition of water
contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging, and air purification, are non-applicable by this method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14605, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Light source for testing
semiconducting photocatalytic materials used under indoor lighting environment
ISO 17094:2014, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for
antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online
...
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