ISO/TR 37150:2014
(Amendment)Smart community infrastructures — Review of existing activities relevant to metrics
Smart community infrastructures — Review of existing activities relevant to metrics
ISO/TR 37150:2014 provides a review of existing activities relevant to metrics for smart community infrastructures. In ISO/TR 37150:2014, the concept of smartness is addressed in terms of performance relevant to technologically implementable solutions, in accordance with sustainable development and resilience of communities, as defined in ISO/TC 268. ISO/TR 37150:2014 addresses community infrastructures such as energy, water, transportation, waste and information and communications technology (ICT). It focuses on the technical aspects of existing activities which have been published, implemented or discussed. Economic, political or societal aspects are not analyzed in ISO/TR 37150:2014. NOTE ISO/TR 37150:2014 is not a recommendation document for best practices. Although sustainability objectives have been considered, the main subject of ISO/TR 37150:2014 is the analysis of existing methodologies for smart community infrastructures.
Infrastructures communautaires intelligentes — Revue des activités existantes applicables à la métrique
L'ISO/TR 37150:2014 fournit un examen des activités existantes relatives à la mesure des infrastructures communautaires intelligentes. Dans l'ISO/TR 37150:2014, le concept d'intelligence est abordé en termes de performance pour des solutions technologiquement réalisables, promouvant les concepts de développement durable et de résilience des communautés, tels que définis dans la norme ISO/TC 268. L'ISO/TR 37150:2014 traite des infrastructures communautaires liées notamment à l'énergie, à l'eau, aux transports, aux déchets et à la technologie de l'information et des communications (TIC). Il se concentre sur les aspects techniques des activités existantes qui ont été publiées, mises en ?uvre ou envisagées. Les aspects économiques, politiques ou sociétaux ne sont pas analysés dans l'ISO/TR 37150:2014.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 37150
First edition
2014-02-15
Smart community infrastructures —
Review of existing activities relevant
to metrics
Infrastructures communautaires intelligentes — Revue des activités
existantes applicables à la métrique
Reference number
ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
ISO 2014
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.1 Overview for developing this Technical Report ......................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Objectives..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Review of existing activities relevant to metrics ................................................................................................................. 7
5.1 Review method ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Summary of review ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
6 Discussion on possible future directions .................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Desirable features of smart community infrastructure metrics ...............................................................10
6.2 Identified gaps and possible future directions for smart communityinfrastructure metrics ....................................................................................................................................................................12
6.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.4 Discussion on related areas and actions ........................................................................................................................17
Annex A (informative) Identified relevant activities .......................................................................................................................20
Annex B (informative) Examples of identified relevant activities .....................................................................................25
Annex C (informative) Results of the review on identified activities .............................................................................42
Annex D (informative) Attributes of identified activities ...........................................................................................................55
Bibliography .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................109
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 268/SC 1, Sustainable development in communities.
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
Introduction
Community infrastructures – energy, water, transportation, waste, information and communications
technology (ICT), etc. – support the operations and activities of communities and have a significant
impact on economic and social development. They are a means towards ensuring the delivery of goods and
services that promote economic prosperity and growth, and contribute to the quality of life. Insufficient,
inadequate community infrastructures can create obstacles to achieving a change in the distribution of
relative incomes through the growth process to favour the poor (pro-poor growth). Furthermore, the
demand for community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue to expand
significantly in the decades ahead, driven by major factors of change, such as population growth and
urbanization.It has long been argued that human activity is surpassing the capacity of the Earth. Community
infrastructures developing in line with global population growth sometimes have less desirable
consequences to sustainability. This is because the imperative for further infrastructure (i.e. accelerated
population growth) conflicts with a path to sustainability. As a result, there is a need for community
infrastructures to play a role in sustainable development to balance economic, social and environmental
aspects and to meet the needs of communities more effectively and efficiently.This indicates an urgent need to develop and implement more effective and efficient technological
solutions in terms of environmental impact, economic efficiency and quality of life. Such solutions
are often referred to as “smart.” A number of plans and projects to build “smart cities” are currently
underway. In addition, there are increases in international trade for community infrastructure products
and services.In planning and procuring community infrastructures to contribute to sustainable development, a wide
range of evaluation concepts and metrics are available or under consideration. Some of these evaluation
methods are not publicly available. Though they are helpful, their complexity, redundancy and lack of
transparency make it difficult for public and private buyers (e.g. governments, city planners, investors,
operators of community infrastructures) to evaluate multiple proposals or plans consistently and
fairly, thereby increasing the burden of decision making. Different concepts and metrics are creating
uncertainty in which infrastructure vendors have difficulty in developing new technology without an
appropriate International Standard.The purpose of standardization in the field of smart community infrastructures is to promote the
international trade of community infrastructure products and services and disseminate information
about leading-edge technologies to improve sustainability in communities by establishing harmonized
product standards to evaluate their technical performances contributing to sustainability of
communities. The users and associated benefits of these metrics are illustrated in Figure 1.
In this Technical Report, the concept of smartness is addressed in terms of performance relevant to
technologically implementable solutions, in accordance with sustainable development and resilience of
communities as defined in ISO/TC 268.This Technical Report reviews existing activities relevant to metrics for “smart” community
infrastructures and provides directions for further standardization. This Technical Report discusses
metrics which is designed to help buyers to evaluate technical performances of community infrastructure
products and services for procurement and, through the development of future technical standards in
this area, may additionally be used in real-time monitoring for the operation of an existing community
infrastructure. The users and associated benefits of these metrics are illustrated in Figure 1.
It is expected that this Technical Report will be useful to the following individuals/groups:
— national and local governments;— regional organizations;
— community planners;
— developers;
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Contribution
ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
— community infrastructure operators (e.g in the field of energy, water, waste, transportation, ICT);
— community infrastructure vendors (e.g. constructors, engineering firms, system integrators or
component manufacturers);— non-governmental organizations (e.g.. consumer groups).
This Technical Report uses a model of the community functions in Table 1 and reviews activities relevant
to metrics for community infrastructures.Table 1 — Layers of a community
Layers Examples of functions
Community services Education, healthcare, safety and security, tourism, etc.
Community facilities Residences, commercial buildings, ofice buildings, factories,
hospitals, schools, recreation facilities, etc.Community infrastructures Energy, water, transportation, waste, ICT, etc.
NOTE "Water" includes sewage and wastewater as well as drinking water.
As illustrated in Table 1:
— Functions of community infrastructures are fundamental to support the other two layers;
— Products and services of community infrastructures are more technology-oriented, more
internationally-tradable than those in other layers and therefore appropriate for international
standardization.NOTE 1 This compilation of existing activities is indicative only.
This Technical Report is intended to be used in the following ways:
— as a reference document
— to analyze the commonalities and gaps in existing activities relevant to metrics on smart community
infrastructures— to review the value of deploying smart community infrastructures
— as a basis for future standardization
— to assist stakeholders to have a better understanding of state-of-the-art smart community
infrastructures around the worldNOTE 2 The environmental, social and economic subsystems of the global system interact and are
interdependent. They are often referred to with phrases such as the three dimensions or pillars of sustainability.
[SOURCE: ISO/DGuide 82:2013 3.1].NOTE 3 OECD states that a pace and pattern of economic growth that helps poor women and men to participate
in, contribute to and benefit from it is in short pro poor growth.vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
Benefits:
Buyers
-Easier planning;
-Easier infrastructure procurement;
Country, nation, governments,
-Easier purchase decisions;
developers, operators, etc.
-Easier management of multiple providers
Standardized metrics
Community infrastructures
as a integrable and
scalable products
Benefits:
Providers
-Better understanding of buyer needs;
Vendors,
-More efficient and effective global sales;
consultants, etc.
-More efficient and effective R&D
Figure 1 — Users of the metrics and associated benefits
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Review of existing
activities relevant to metrics
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides a review of existing activities relevant to metrics for smart community
infrastructures.In this Technical Report, the concept of smartness is addressed in terms of performance relevant to
technologically implementable solutions, in accordance with sustainable development and resilience of
communities, as defined in ISO/TC 268.This Technical Report addresses community infrastructures such as energy, water, transportation,
waste and information and communications technology (ICT). It focuses on the technical aspects of
existing activities which have been published, implemented or discussed. Economic, political or societal
aspects are not analyzed in this Technical Report.NOTE This Technical Report is not a recommendation document for best practices. Although sustainability
objectives have been considered, the main subject of this Technical Report is the analysis of existing methodologies
for smart community infrastructures.2 Normative references
There are no normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
buyer
person who aims to get possession of a good, service and/or right through providing an acceptable
equivalent value, usually in money, to the person providing such a good, service and/or right
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15944-1:2002, 3.8]3.2
environmental impact
any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.3
interoperability
ability of systems to provide services to and accept services from other systems and to use the services
so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together[SOURCE: ISO 21007-1:2005, 2.30]
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
3.4
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural resources to final disposal[SOURCE: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1]
3.5
metric
the defined measurement method and the measurement scale
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14598-1:1999, 4.20, modified — Note 1 and Note 2 have been removed.]
3.6pro-poor growth
stimulate economic growth for the benefit of poor people (primarily in the economic sense of poverty)
[SOURCE: OECD, 2008]Note 1 to entry: Pro-poor growth can be defined as absolute, where the benefits from overall growth in the
economy, or relative, which refers to targeted efforts to increase the growth specifically among poor people.
EXAMPLE A pace and pattern of economic growth that helps poor women and men to participate in, contribute
to and benefit from.3.7
provider
person or organization involved in or associated with the delivery of products and/or services
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 12773-1:2009, 2.40, modified]3.8
snapshot
capture of the status of a data resource at a given moment in time
[SOURCE: ISO 12620:2009, 3.6.2]
3.9
sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs[SOURCE: The U.N. Brundtland Commission, 1987]
4 General
4.1 Overview for developing this Technical Report
In order to propose the directions of future standardization in the field of smart community
infrastructures, this Technical Report collects and analyzes existing activities relevant to metrics. This
Technical Report also describes desirable features of the community infrastructure metrics suitable
to improve the sustainability of the community (4.2.2). In addition, this Technical Report identifies
gaps between these desirable features and the reviewed activities and proposes future directions for
standardization in the field of smart community infrastructures.2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
a) Objecve seng
(Contribuon to sustainability from
community infrastructure perspecve: 4.2)
c) Review of
b) Desirable features of
relevant acvies
smart community infrastructure
(Clause 5)
metrics (6.1)
d) Gap idenficaon &
future direcons (6.2)
e) Discussion (6.3)
Figure 2 — Approach for developing this Technical Report
a) The objectives of this Technical Report are to create a non-exhaustive repository of information and
documents and to provide directions for future standardization (See 4.2).b) By considering lessons from existing relevant activities with regard to metrics, this Technical Report
describes desirable features of smart community infrastructure metrics necessary to contribute to
sustainability (See 6.1).c) This Technical Report collects and reviews the following two types of activities relevant to
community infrastructure metrics (See 5.1):1) International Standards, concepts and theoretical frameworks; and,
2) projects.
d) This Technical Report identifies gaps between the existing relevant activities and the desirable
features by mapping c) onto b) above. Taking the identified gaps into account, this Technical Report
proposed future directions for standardization in the field of smart community infrastructure
metrics (See 6.2).e) This Technical Report discusses future possible areas of standardization related to the field of
smart community infrastructure metrics.4.2 Objectives
4.2.1 Background
In line with the concept of sustainable development and promoting pro-poor growth (as emphasized
by OECD), enabling a pace and pattern of growth that enhances the ability of poor women and men to
participate in, contribute to and benefit from growth will be critical in achieving a sustainable trajectory
out of poverty and meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). All 193 United Nations member
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve these goals by 2015. Although
a number of countries have demonstrated that progress in achieving the MDGs is possible, efforts need
to be intensified in order to make this a reality.As the OECD-DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction show, poverty has multiple and interlinked causes
[7]and dimensions: economic, human, political, socio-cultural and protective/security. It is further
recognized that insufficient, inadequate community infrastructure is among the most pressing
[7]obstacles to achieving pro-poor growth. By raising labour productivity and lowering production
and transaction costs, community infrastructures – energy, water, transportation, ICT, etc. – enhance
economic activities and so contribute to growth, which is essential for poverty reduction.
Community infrastructures are a priority on the international development agenda. Investment in
community infrastructures is an important enabler of communities and nations in achieving the MDGs,
of which there are eight international development goals: 1) eradicating extreme poverty and hunger;
2) achieving universal primary education; 3) promoting gender equality and empowering women; 4)
reducing child mortality rates; 5) improving maternal health; 6) combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
other diseases; 7) ensuring environmental sustainability; and, 8) developing a global partnership for
development. Table 2 outlines links between community infrastructures and seven of the eight MDGs
listed above.It has long been argued that the activity of human being is surpassing the capacity of the Earth. Community
infrastructures are increasingly developing and operating in line with global population growth. This
can have less desirable consequences. For example, turning the spotlight firmly on the inherent tensions
between the imperative for further community infrastructures (i.e. growth) and sustainability. As a
result, there is a need for community infrastructures to play a role in sustainable development to balance
economic, social and environmental aspects and to meet the needs of communities more effectively and
efficiently.That situation indicates an urgent need to develop and share more effective and efficient solutions in
terms of environmental impacts and the quality of life. Such solutions are often referred to as “smart.” A
number of plans and projects to build “smart cities” are currently underway and the international trade
of community infrastructures has become more common than before.In general, International Standardization helps facilitate international trade by reducing technical
barriers among the countries. However, there are currently no International Standards in the field of
smart community infrastructures, e.g. harmonized metrics to evaluate them as integrable and scalable
products.4.2.2 Objective of this Technical Report
Taking into account the background information described in 4.2.1, the objectives of this Technical
Report are:— to create a non-exhaustive repository of information that will enable the creation of a future
International Standard for community infrastructures;— to provide directions for future standardization to improve the sustainability of communities by
providing a common language for and access to knowledge about smart community infrastructures
to support market activity.NOTE This Technical Report acknowledges the necessity of consistency among related existing International
Standards, work items under development (e.g. ISO/WD 37101 and ISO/WD 37120) and the technical standard for
community infrastructures.4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 37150:2014(E)
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Table 2 — Links between community infrastructures and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)Gender equality and Environmental sustain-
Infrastructure sector
Poverty and hunger Primary education Health
women’s empowerment ability
(MDG 1) (MDG 2) (MDG 4, 5, 6)
(MDG 3) (MDG 7)
- modern energy services - electricity and light- - improved cooking can - permits cold chain - efficient cooking and
increase productivity of ing allows studying and reduce time/labour bur- for vaccines, reagents, switch to modern fuels
human labour, while ena- educational tools and den and reduce indoor air sterilization, operation (LPG) can reduce demand
bling enterprise develop- services in schools (com- pollution of essential laboratory for charcoal or other
ment and income puters, projectors, etc.) - street lighting improves equipment and operating biomass sources reducing
- energy can increase pro- and promotes teacher women’s safety theatres pressure on local ecosys-
ductivity and help reduce retention - modern energy can be tems from fuel collection
post-harvest losses - more efficient cooking safer (i.e. less accidents) - more efficient agriculture
Energy- more efficient energy can reduce time spent - electricity enables (including fertilizer, mecha-
use (i.e. cooking, light- fetching wood and give pumped clean water and nization) can reduce need
ing) reduces expenditures more time for studying purification for additional land clearing
on less efficient energy - increases hours of facil- - improved cooking canresources ity operation/ night-time reduce greenhouse gas
- improved cooking can services emissions and black carbon
reduce fuel and related - helps retain qualified
labour demands staff
- facilitates market access - can improve students’ - reduces time and trans- - increases access to - improved public transport
and reduces costs of trade, access to school, reducing port burden and eases health facilities services reduces overall
inputs prices, and monop- drop-out rates, particu- independent movement - reduces emergency environmental impact
Transport oly power of agricultural larly for girls for women response timesmiddlemen - Can save time, and - improved roads can
- reduces social/ family increase access to health be safer for drivers and
travel costs services for women pedestrians
[16]
[SOURCE: Freeman, K.: Infrastructure from the Bottom Up, 2011, modified. ]
NOTE This report documented progress and lessons learned from the first five years of the Millennium Village Project (MVP) with a focus on investments made in infrastructure
[16]and services related to energy, transportation, communications and piped water supply.
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Table 2 (continued)
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Gender equality and Environmental sustain-
Infrastructure sector
Poverty and hunger Primary education Health
women’s empowerment ability
(MDG 1) (MDG 2) (MDG 4, 5, 6)
(MDG 3) (MDG 7)
- increases access to - enables distance learn- - reduces isolation of - increases access to - improves natural
weather, market and ing, access to educational working at home emergency care resource information
income-related informa- media and communica- - enables education at - supports improved gathering, mapping and
tion tions home medical information monitoring- enables extension, - aids in teacher retention - enables emergency com- systems (ChildCount),
Information andoutreach and other train- - improves record-keep- munication and reporting ‘distance medicine’, and
communicationsing for increased incomes ing and school manage- of violence access to health educa-
technology (ICT)(agriculture, business) ment tion media
- improves access to
and quality of public
and community health
systems
-irrigation (combining - rainwater harvesting - improved/piped water - clean water is essential - increased availability of
improved water access can reduce water gather- sources or systems for health services water and sanitation can
and energy) can dramati- ing labour for schools by reduces women’s time/ - cleaner drinking water improve local environ-
cally raise agricultural children labour burden of fetching reduces water-borne ments
Water and Sanitationproductivity - reduced water-borne water diseases
disease, improves school - safe disposal of medical
attendance waste prevents spread of
disease
[16]
[SOURCE: Freeman, K.: Infrastructure from the Bottom Up, 2011, modified. ]
NOTE This report documented progress and lessons learned from the first five years of the Millennium Village Project (MVP) with a focus on investments made in infrastructure
[16]and services related to energy, transportation, communications and piped water supply.
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5 Review of existing activities relevant to metrics
5.1 Review method
5.1.1 Collect information on existing activities relevant to metrics
5.1.1.1 Points of consideration
This Technical Report is intended to discuss metrics to evaluate technical performances of community
infrastructures on a community-wide basis. There are several views of “smartness” and “infrastructures.”
Those who are responsible for this document, ISO TC 268/SC 1/WG 1 therefore applied a wide scope in
sampling the existing relevant activities with regard to metrics in order to avoid specific biases.
In order to take various needs in the world into account...
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