ISO 25500-1:2026

• Abstract:

  This document provides an overview of the standards developed in the ISO 25500 series for supply chain interoperability and integration. This document: states the subject matter of the ISO 25500 series as a whole; establishes the principles of supply chain interoperability and integration; describes the path to supply chain interoperability and integration; describes the structure of the supply chain interoperability and integration series; establishes the relationship of the supply chain interoperability and integration series with other International Standards. The following is outside the scope of this document: the interoperability and integration of the physical objects or services exchanged.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2026
• ICS: 35.240.63 - IT applications in trade
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 5 - Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation applications
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 5 - Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation applications
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 04-Nov-2026
• Completion Date: 04-Nov-2026

ISO 25500-1 is an ISO standard that gives the overview and principles for the ISO 25500 series on supply chain interoperability and integration. It explains the industrial internet model used for trusted business-to-business exchange of supply chain data, and it shows how the series is organized and how it relates to other standards. The document is aimed at organizations that need consistent identification and verification of entities, items, locations, dates, and other supply chain data.

What does ISO 25500-1 specify?

ISO 25500-1 sets the scope of the ISO 25500 series, establishes the principles of supply chain interoperability and integration, describes the path to that interoperability, and explains the structure of the series. It also places the series in context by showing its relationship to other International Standards.

ISO 25500-1 focuses on supply chain data and the rules for exchanging and verifying it. The interoperability and integration of the physical objects or services exchanged are outside its scope.

The document is organized into clauses on scope, normative references, terms and definitions, principles, the path to interoperability and integration, the structure of the series, the relationship to other standards, and conformance, plus two informative annexes.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Document identification for open information systems
Annex B	Elaborated supply chain data formatting contract clause, with notes and examples

What are the key requirements of ISO 25500-1?

ISO 25500-1 centers on trusted data exchange, contract-based data formatting, and a staged series structure. In practice, it tells organizations what data must be standardized so that trading partners can request, verify, and resolve supply chain information reliably.

Trusted supply chain data exchange

ISO 25500-1 describes the industrial internet as a trusted B2B platform for known legal entities. It relies on verifiable legal identity, and it uses callback security and a prefix name server (PNS) to reduce anonymity and impersonation risk.

The standard sets out three data verification request types: verify an identifier, verify the characteristic data represented by an identifier, or search for identifiers using characteristic data. In practice, this gives users a common way to ask for validation, resolution, or discovery of supply chain data.

Supply chain data formatting in contracts

ISO 25500-1 says a supply chain data formatting contract clause shall require standardization using relevant parts of the ISO 8000 series and the ISO 25500 series. The goal is to identify and describe who, what, where, and when in a machine-readable way.

The clause requires:

• dates and times in ISO 8601-1 format
• legal entities identified by an International Business Identifier (IBID), or by legal name and International Business Registration Number (IBRN) in ISO 8000-116 form
• locations identified by a Natural Location Identifier (NLI) in ISO 8000-118 form
• items identified by an International part number (IPN) in ISO 8000-115 form
• technical characteristic data provided in Interoperable Data Format (IDF) in accordance with ISO 8000-114

In practice, this means trading partners need contract language that forces consistent identifiers and structured technical data.

Series direction and conformance

ISO 25500-1 presents three broad themes for the series: general aspects, verification of supply chain data through automated processing, and interoperability in operating procedures such as procurement, warehousing, make, order processing, and logistics. It also says supply chain contracts conform to this document when the requirements of 4.2 are included.

What terms does ISO 25500-1 define?

• Supply chain data - data shared between potential or existing trading entities to support acquisition, transfer, storage, maintenance, and eventual disposal of goods or services.
• Industrial internet - a trusted B2B platform for commercial users that supports interoperable supply chain data and integrated supply chain systems between verified legal entities.
• Prefix name server (PNS) - an ISO 8000-115 compliant register of prefixes that records the legal owner of an identifier and the address used to resolve it.
• Callback security - a security practice where the recipient ends a call and returns contact using a verified number, rather than the number provided by the caller.
• International Business Identifier (IBID) - the identifier used to identify a legal entity in the ISO 25500 context.
• Natural Location Identifier (NLI) - the identifier used to identify a location unambiguously.
• Interoperable Data Format (IDF) - the format used for technical data that describes an item, component, or process in a way that supports interoperability.
• International part number (IPN) - the identifier used for items, formatted in accordance with ISO 8000-115.

Who uses ISO 25500-1?

ISO 25500-1 is used by suppliers, buyers, manufacturers, and other trading entities that exchange supply chain data. It is also relevant to teams working in procurement, warehousing, make, order processing, logistics, and strategic sourcing.

Data and systems teams use ISO 25500-1 when they need API-based verification, standardized identifiers, or contract wording for data exchange. Quality and compliance teams use it to align internal and partner data practices with a common supply chain framework.

Which standards are used with ISO 25500-1?

ISO 25500-1 depends on several standards that supply the rules used in its contract clause and verification model:

• ISO 8000-114 - supports portable data and the Interoperable Data Format used for technical characteristics
• ISO 8000-115 - provides syntactic, semantic, and resolution requirements for quality identifiers
• ISO 8000-116 - applies ISO 8000-115 to authoritative legal entity identifiers
• ISO 8000-118 - applies ISO 8000-115 to natural location identifiers
• ISO 8601-1 - provides the basic rules for date and time representation
• ISO/DIS 25500-2 - provides the vocabulary used across the series
• ISO/DIS 25500-3 - supports verification of trading entity identity

What does the ISO 25500-1 document contain?

ISO 25500-1 contains a contract-based model for supply chain data formatting, a description of verification workflows, and an overview of the ISO 25500 series structure. Table 1 illustrates a supply chain data formatting contract clause, and Table 2 summarizes the three themes of the series.

Annex A gives a document identifier for open information systems. Annex B expands the contract clause with notes and examples for dates, trading entity identification, location identification, item identification, and item description, including a JSON example of item characteristics in IDF form.

The bibliography points to supporting standards for identifiers, dates, EDI, product data exchange, and related ISO 25500 parts.

International
Standard
ISO 25500-1
First edition
Supply chain interoperability and
2026-11
integration —
Part 1:
Overview and principles of the
industrial internet
Interopérabilité et intégration dans la chaîne
d'approvisionnement —
Partie 1: Vue d'ensemble et principes de l'Internet industriel
Reference number
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved.
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of supply chain interoperability, integration and the industrial internet . 1
4.1 General .1
4.2 Supply chain data formatting contract clause .2
4.3 Supply chain data verification .2
5 The ISO 25500 series path to supply chain interoperability and integration . 3
6 Structure of the ISO 25500 series . 3
7 Relationship of the ISO 25500 series to other international standards . 4
8 Conformance . 4
Annex A (informative) Document identification . 5
Annex B (informative) Supply chain data formatting contract clause ‒ elaborated . 6
Bibliography .10

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation
applications.
A list of all parts in the ISO 25500 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Supply chain data is the data that must be shared between potential or existing trading entities to support
the acquisition, transfer, storage, maintenance and eventual disposal of goods or services.
Fundamental to this document is the understanding that data is the tangible form of information. For data to
reliably transfer information between systems the data must be portable and unambiguous; this is the goal
of the ISO 8000 series, consisting of international standards for data quality.
The ISO 8000 series achieves data portability and unambiguity through including provenance as well as
concept encoding, a process where metadata and reference data are represented by a language independent
concept identifier from a concept dictionary that contains the terminology (terms, definitions, symbols or
images) used to provide the unambiguous meaning of the concept.
Also fundamental is the understanding that no two objects can occupy the same place at the same time and it
follows that all objects can be uniquely identified and differentiated from all other objects by their time and
place of origin. Finally, identifiers are a critical component of supply chain communication. An identifier is a
string of characters created by an organization to reference a dataset, the characteristic data that describes
the object identified.
Critical to supply chain interoperability and integration is trust. Trust requires the positive and verifiable
identification of the trading entities and an understanding of their authority. Anonymity is not acceptable in
supply chain data exchanges. In addition to the identification of the trading entities (who), the identification
and description of the products and services subject to contract (what), as well as the locations (where) and
the time (when) of associated events are necessary to create the industrial internet, a secure and efficient
environment for the verification of supply chain data.
The industrial internet is above all else a trusted business-to-business (B2B) platform for commercial users.
It is designed to allow interoperability of supply chain data and integration of supply chain systems between
known and trusted parties as legal entities. To do this, the industrial internet overcomes both anonymity
and impersonation. The industrial internet relies on verifiable legal identity to overcome anonymity and
protection from impersonation through callback security.
The industrial internet uses a prefix name server (PNS), which is an ISO 8000-115 compliant register of
prefixes with globally unique prefix records that contain the legal owner of any identifier with that prefix
and contains an electronic address to resolve the identifier to the dataset it represents as well as any use
restrictions. The PNS used in the industrial internet is an enhanced version of the domain name server (DNS),
that supports callback security, one of the earliest forms of secure communication and the backbone of two-
factor authentication. For example, if an account holder receives a call stating that a bank or credit account is
compromised, and the caller requests verification of account information, the appropriate response is to end
the call. The account holder should then promptly call the financial service provider using a verified number
(not one provided by the caller). This method is known as callback security. Callback security is simple, low
cost and very effective.
This document describes the principles of supply chain interoperability and integration and introduces
the supply chain data formatting contract clause which supports the creation and verification of quality
portable data that underpins the industrial internet. This document includes an overview of the structure
of the ISO 25500 series. Each document in this series defines the data required to perform specific supply
chain functions and how this data can be verified.
Annex A contains an identifier that conforms to ISO/IEC 8824-1. The identifier unambiguously identifies this
document in an open information system.

v
International Standard ISO 25500-1:2026(en)
Supply chain interoperability and integration —
Part 1:
Overview and principles of the industrial internet
1 Scope
This document provides an overview of the standards developed in the ISO 25500 series for supply chain
interoperability and integration.
This document:
— states the subject matter of the ISO 25500 series as a whole;
— establishes the principles of supply chain interoperability and integration;
— describes the path to supply chain interoperability and integration;
— describes the structure of the supply chain interoperability and integration series;
— establishes the relationship of the supply chain interoperability and integration series with other
International Standards.
The following is outside the scope of this document:
— the interoperability and integration of the physical objects or services exchanged.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 25500-2, Supply chain interoperability and integration — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 25500-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principles of supply chain interoperability, integration and the industrial internet
4.1 General
The industrial internet, along with supply chain interoperability and integration, is represented by
an intelligent service model which can be used to improve the quality of the data necessary for demand

forecasting and logistics management across independent systems encompassing the orchestrate, plan,
order, source, make, deliver, return and disposal functionality in a modern sustainable economic framework.
Data verification is achieved by implementing a standard process for requesting:
a) the verification of identifiers;
b) the characteristic data the identifier represents; or
c) using characteristic data to search for identifiers.
This data verification process is built on key data pieces which can be secured by trading partners by
including a supply chain data formatting clause in their contracts.
4.2 Supply chain data formatting contract clause
Modern supply chains are data-intensive; they involve multiple stakeholders who must ensure that the data
they exchange is unambiguous and can be trusted.
A supply chain data formatting contract clause shall require standardization (referencing relevant parts
of the ISO 8000 series and the ISO 25500 series) designed to ensure the unambiguous identification and
description of “who ”, “what”, “where”, and “when” to ensure clarity and consistency when sharing data
between supply chain stakeholders. Table 1 provides an example of a supply chain data formatting contract
clause.
Table 1 — Illustration of a supply chain data formatting contract clause
Data Requirement
General Supplier hereby accepts responsibility for providing the data necessary for the installation, oper-
ation, maintenance, or training purposes of the item covered by this contract including technical
data and specifications, studies, analyses, test data, or similar data, when the study, analysis,
test, or similar work was specified as an element of performance. The data shall be formatted as
follows:
Dates All dates and times shall be formatted in accordance with ISO 8601-1.
Legal entity All legal entities supplying goods or services under this contract shall be identified by their inter-
identification national business identifier (IBID) formatted in accordance with ISO 25500-3 or their legal name
and international business registration number (IBRN) formatted in accordance with ISO 8000-
116.
Locations All locations shall be identified using a natural location identifier (NLI) formatted in accordance
with ISO 8000-118.
Item All items shall be identified using an international part number (IPN) formatted in accordance
identification with ISO 8000-115.
Characteristic The technical data that describes the physical, functional, and performance characteristics of an
data item, component, or process shall be provided in interoperable data format (.idf) as described in
accordance with ISO 8000-114.
Annex B provides notes and examples for the supply chain data formatting contract clause’s standard
requirements.
4.3 Supply chain data verification
The ISO 25500 series presents the essential components of the industrial internet, with the supply chain
data formatting contract clause bringing in key data from trading partners, and by providing a standard
process for data verification to occur in a secure environment. This process uses registered ISO 8000-115
prefixes for both parties and callback security that routes the requests and the replies through a PNS. The
PNS maintains in each prefix record the IBID to definitively identify the prefix owner while protecting
privacy by keeping confidential the electronic address information used for the verified data exchange.

5 The ISO 25500 series path to supply chain interoperability and integration
The ISO 25500 series provides standards in the field of supply chain interoperability and integration for
industrial enterprises that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) as the new generation of information
technology, flexible manufacturing technology, and structurally flexible supply chains.
The ISO 25500 series is intended to research, develop, and maintain international standards for an eco-
system that promotes interoperable, integrated, and sustai
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