ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006
(Main)Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 10: Digital Item Processing
Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) — Part 10: Digital Item Processing
ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006 specifies the syntax and semantics of tools that may be used to process Digital Items. ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006 specifies: Digital Item Methods: Tools enabling users to include sequences of instructions for adding predefined functionality to a Digital Item. Digital Item Methods are authored with the Digital Item Method Language, an extension of ECMAScript language (ISO/IEC 16262), which includes a normative set of Digital Item Base Operations. The predefined functionality specified by a Digital Item Method provides a suggested interaction between a User and the Digital Item. Digital Item eXtension Operations: Provide for extended functionality not included by the normative set of Digital Item Base Operations to be implemented efficiently in a higher level programming lanuage. Linkage with ISO/IEC 21000-2: Tools for integrating Digital Item Methods and Digital Item eXtension Operations with Digital Item Declarations (as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2).
Technologies de l'information — Cadre multimédia (MPEG-21) — Partie 10: Traitement d'élément numérique
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 21000-10
First edition
2006-01-01
Information technology — Multimedia
framework (MPEG-21) —
Part 10:
Digital Item Processing
Technologies de l'information — Cadre multimédia (MPEG-21) —
Partie 10: Traitement d'élément numérique
Reference number
ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2006
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ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
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ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 2
4 Overview and Conventions. 6
4.1 Overview of Digital Item Processing. 6
4.2 Relation of Digital Item Processing with other parts of ISO/IEC 21000 . 7
4.3 Documentation conventions . 7
4.4 Schema wrapper . 8
4.5 Use of namespace prefixes . 8
5 Digital Item Methods. 9
5.1 Introduction . 9
5.2 Digital Item Method Language. 10
5.3 Digital Item Method linkage with DID. 11
5.4 Digital Item Base Operations. 21
5.5 Relation of Digital Item Base Operations and RDD verbs (informative) . 56
5.6 Digital Item eXtension Operations . 57
5.7 Auto run DIM . 59
Annex A (normative) ECMAScript binding for Digital Item Base Operations . 62
Annex B (normative) Java bindings for Digital Item Base Operations. 64
Annex C (normative) Calling MPEG-J based DIXOs from DIMs . 74
Annex D (informative) MPEG-J based model for execution of DIXOs . 84
Annex E (informative) XML Schema Definition for Digital Item Processing Elements . 85
Annex F (informative) A media handler implementation of play DIBO . 87
Annex G (informative) Tracking DIM execution for consistent rights checks . 94
Annex H (informative) Profiling DIP. 97
Annex I (informative) Digital Item Method Use Case Scenarios and Examples. 101
Bibliography . 121
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ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 21000-10 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
ISO/IEC 21000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Multimedia
framework (MPEG-21):
⎯ Part 1: Vision, Technologies and Strategy [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 2: Digital Item Declaration
⎯ Part 3: Digital Item Identification
⎯ Part 4: Intellectual Property Management and Protection Components
⎯ Part 5: Rights Expression Language
⎯ Part 6: Rights Data Dictionary
⎯ Part 7: Digital Item Adaptation
⎯ Part 8: Reference Software
⎯ Part 9: File Format
⎯ Part 10: Digital Item Processing
⎯ Part 11: Evaluation Tools for Persistent Association Technologies [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 12: Test Bed for MPEG-21 Resource Delivery [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 16: Binary Format
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ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 14: Conformance Testing
⎯ Part 15: Event Reporting
⎯ Part 17: Fragment Identification of MPEG Resources
⎯ Part 18: Digital Item Streaming
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ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
Introduction
Today, many elements exist to build an infrastructure for the delivery and consumption of multimedia content.
There is, however, no “big picture” to describe how these elements, either in existence or under development,
relate to each other. The aim for ISO/IEC 21000 (MPEG-21) is to describe how these various elements fit
together. Where gaps exist, MPEG-21 will recommend which new standards are required.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG) will then develop new standards as appropriate while other relevant
standards may be developed by other bodies. These specifications will be integrated into the multimedia
framework through collaboration between MPEG and these bodies.
The result is an open framework for multimedia delivery and consumption, with both the content creator and
content consumer as focal points. This open framework provides content creators and service providers with
equal opportunities in the MPEG-21 enabled open market. This will also be to the benefit of the content
consumers, providing them access to a large variety of content in an interoperable manner.
The vision for MPEG-21 is to define a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of
multimedia resources across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities.
A key concept of the multimedia framework is the Digital Item. In MPEG-21 a Digital Item is a structured digital
object with a standard representation, identification, and metadata. An equally important concept in the
multimedia framework is the notion of the User. In MPEG-21 a User is any entity that interacts with the
multimedia framework and as such includes all members of the value chain (e.g., creator, rights holders,
distributors and consumers of Digital Items) and include, for example, individuals, consumers, communities,
organizations, corporations, consortia, and governments.
Part 2 of MPEG-21 specifies the mechanism for declaring the structure and makeup of Digital Items. Such
Digital Item Declarations are static by nature. This 10th part of MPEG-21 specifies tools enabling Users to
provide suggested interactions with Digital Items, thereby enabling the inclusion of a dynamic aspect to the
static declaration of Digital Items.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 21000-10:2006(E)
Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) —
Part 10:
Digital Item Processing
1 Scope
This Part of ISO/IEC 21000, entitled Digital Item Processing (DIP), specifies the syntax and semantics of tools
that may be used to process Digital Items. The tools provide a normative set of tools that specify the
processing of a Digital Item in a predefined manner.
This technology is specified in one normative clause and three normative annexes:
⎯ Digital Item Methods:
Digital Item Methods (Clause 5) specifies the set of tools enabling Digital Item Users to include
sequences of instructions for adding predefined functionality to a Digital Item. Such a sequence of
instructions is a Digital Item Method. Digital Item Methods are authored with the Digital Item Method
Language (see 5.2) which includes bindings to Digital Item Base Operations (see 5.4). For extended
functionality, Digital Item eXtension Operations (see 5.6) allow such processing to be implemented more
efficiently in a higher level programming language. Tools for integrating Digital Item Methods into Digital
Item Declarations are also specified (see 5.3).
⎯ ECMAScript bindings for Digital Item Base Operations:
Annex A specifies the ECMAScript bindings for the Digital Item Base Operations described in 5.3.
⎯ Java bindings for Digital Item Base Operations:
Annex B specifies the Java bindings for the Digital Item Base Operations described in 5.4.
⎯ Calling Java based DIXOs from Digital Item Methods:
Annex C specifies the mechanism for calling Java based Digital Item eXtension Operations. Digital Item
eXtension Operations are described in 5.6.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 16262:2002, Information technology — ECMAScript language specification
ISO/IEC 21000 (all parts), Information technology — Multimedia framework (MPEG-21)
IETF RFC 2046, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types, 1996
IETF RFC 3986, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, 2005
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W3C REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407, Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification,
Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation 07 April 2004
W3C REC-DOM-Level-3-LS-20040407, Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Load and Save Specification,
Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation 07 April 2004
W3C REC-xml-20040204, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation
04 February 2004
W3C REC-xml-names-19990114, Namespaces in XML, World Wide Web Consortium 14 January 1999
W3C REC-xmlschema-1-20041028, XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition, W3C Recommendation
28 October 2004
W3C REC-xmlschema-2-20041028, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C Recommendation
28 October 2004
W3C REC-xpath-19991116, XML Path Language (XPath), Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation
16 November 1999
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 21000, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply:
3.1
Argument Type
type of the Digital Item Method Argument specified by an Argument element of the associated Digital Item
Method declaration
NOTE 1 Argument Type is part of the Object Map allowing mapping of DIM Arguments to DID Objects.
NOTE 2 For further information see 5.3.5.
3.2
Digital Item
DI
structured digital object, including a standard representation, identification and metadata within the MPEG-21
framework
NOTE This entity is the fundamental unit of distribution and transaction within the multimedia framework as a whole.
[ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004, definition 2.3]
3.3
DIA
Digital Item Adaptation as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-7
3.4
Digital Item Base Operation
DIBO
base operation providing access to functionality implemented within an MPEG-21 environment and used in
authoring a Digital Item Method
NOTE For further information see Clause 5.4.
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3.5
Digital Item Base Operation implementation
manner in which a particular implementer of a Digital Item Base Operation chooses to implement the
normative semantics of the Digital Item Base Operation
3.6
Digital Item Declaration
DID
declaration of the resources, metadata and their interrelationships of a Digital Item specified by
ISO/IEC 21000-2
3.7
Digital Item Declaration Language
DIDL
XML-based language including validation rules specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2 for the standard representation
in XML of a Digital Item Declaration
3.8
Digital Item Declaration Language document
a document using the Digital Item Declaration Language to declare a Digital Item in a standard representation
in XML specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2
3.9
Digital Item Declaration Language element
XML element of the Digital Item Declaration Language specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2
3.10
Digital Item Declaration Model
set of abstract terms and concepts specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2 forming a model for declaring Digital Items
3.11
Digital Item Declaration Model entity
entity of the Digital Item Declaration Model specified by ISO/IEC 21000-2
3.12
Digital Item Declaration Object
Object
object representation in the Digital Item Method Language of a Digital Item Declaration element and
associated with an Object Type
NOTE 1 A Digital Item Declaration Object has an Object Type that allows it to be processed in a Digital Item Method
according to the Object Type. A Digital Item Declaration element is mapped to an Object Type by the Object Map.
NOTE 2 An Object Type is associated with a Digital Item Declaration element by an ObjectType element contained in
a DESCRIPTOR-STATEMENT child of the Digital Item Declaration element. For further information see 5.3.
NOTE 3 The capitalized term Object is used in this part of ISO/IEC 21000 to mean a Digital Item Declaration Object.
Other uses of the term object without an initial uppercase letter is used for an object as understood in the context of
object-oriented programming.
3.13
Digital Item eXtension Operation
DIXO
operation allowing extended functionality to be invoked from a Digital Item Method
NOTE For further information see Clause 5.6.
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3.14
Digital Item eXtension Operation Language
DIXL
programming language in which a Digital Item eXtension Operation is defined
3.15
DII
Digital Item Identification as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-3
3.16
Digital Item Method
DIM
tool for expressing the suggested interaction of a User with a Digital Item at the level of the Digital Item
Declaration
NOTE 1 For further information see Clause 5.
NOTE 2 A Digital Item Method is composed of a Digital Item Method definition and its declaration.
3.17
Digital Item Method Argument
argument to a Digital Item Method as represented in the Digital Item Method Language
3.18
Digital Item Method declaration
declaration of the Digital Item Method as being part of a particular Digital Item
NOTE For further information see Clause 5.3.
3.19
Digital Item Method definition
code written in the Digital Item Method Language that defines the Digital Item Method and that is either
embedded inline with the Digital Item Method declaration or located separately and referenced from the Digital
Item Method declaration
NOTE Whether the Digital Item Method definition is embedded inline or referenced from a separate location, it is the
Digital Item Method definition itself that is the resource (in terms of the Digital Item Declaration Model).
3.20
Digital Item Method Language
DIML
language providing the syntax and structure for authoring a Digital Item Method utilizing the Digital Item Base
Operations
NOTE For further information see Clause 5.2
3.21
Digital Item Processing engine
component within an MPEG-21 environment that supports ISO/IEC 21000-10 and is responsible for providing
such supporting functionality (including execution of Digital Item Methods)
3.22
DOM
Document Object Model (see W3C REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407)
3.23
End User
User taking the role of consumer, i.e. being at the end of a value or delivery chain
EXAMPLE A human consumer or an agent operating on behalf of a human consumer, etc.
[ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004, definition 2.4]
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3.24
GUI
Graphical User Interface
3.25
IPMP
Intellectual Property Management and Protection as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-4
3.26
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
3.27
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (see IETF RFC 2046)
3.28
MP3
MPEG-1/2 layer 3 (audio coding)
3.29
MPEG
Moving Picture Experts Group
3.30
Object Map
map of Digital Item Declaration elements in a Digital Item Declaration to Digital Item Declaration Objects with
their associated Object Types
EXAMPLE An object map might map several ITEM elements to an Object Type of “music track”, and another ITEM
element to an Object Type of “album information”.
NOTE For further information see 5.3.5.
3.31
Object Type
type of the Digital Item Declaration Object specified by an ObjectType descriptor of the associated DIDL
element
NOTE 1 Object Type is part of the Object Map allowing mapping of DID Objects to DIM Arguments.
NOTE 2 For further information see Clause 5.3.5.
3.32
Peer
device or application that compliantly processes a Digital Item
[ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004, definition 2.7]
3.33
RDD
Rights Data Dictionary as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-6
3.34
REL
Rights Expression Language as specified by ISO/IEC 21000-5
3.35
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier (see IETF RFC 3986)
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3.36
URL
Uniform Resource Locator (see IETF RFC 3986)
3.37
User
entity that interacts in the MPEG-21 environment or makes use of Digital Items
NOTE This includes all members of the value chain (e.g., creator, rights holders, distributors and consumers of
Digital Items).
[ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004, definition 2.9]
3.38
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium
3.39
XML
Extensible Markup Language (see W3C REC-xml-20040204)
4 Overview and Conventions
4.1 Overview of Digital Item Processing
The Digital Item Declaration Language described in ISO/IEC 21000-2 is for creating a static declaration.
Digital Item Processing assists processing of a Digital Item by providing tools allowing a User to add User
specified functionality to a Digital Item Declaration. The standardization of Digital Item Processing enables
interoperability at the processing level.
A key component of Digital Item Processing is the Digital Item Method (see 5). A Digital Item Method is the
tool whereby a User (as defined in 21000-1) specifies suggested interactions with the Digital Item. As such,
Digital Item Methods provide a way for a User to specify a selection of suggested procedures for processing a
Digital Item at the level of the Digital Item itself.
EXAMPLE A Digital Item representing a music album can contain a Digital Item Method to add a new music track to
the album. Such a Digital Item Method can be used to ensure that the new music track is added to the Digital Item while
maintaining a suggested format for the Digital Item Declaration of such a music album Digital Item (i.e., elements added in
the correct place in the Digital Item Declaration structure, correct Descriptors are included, etc.).
A Digital Item Method is expressed using the Digital Item Method Language (see 5.2) which includes a binding
for Digital Item Base Operations (see 5.4). Digital Item eXtension Operations (see 5.6) provide a mechanism
that allows the functionality provided by the standard set of Digital Item Base Operations to be extended.
Digital Item Methods, and the Digital Item Base Operations and Digital Item eXtension Operations called by
them, can be considered as requests to the Digital Item Processing engine to process the Digital Item in some
manner, or to execute some action.
The interface through which a User interacts with a Digital Item using Digital Item Processing is
implementation dependent. Some implementations might support specification of aspects of the interface by
metadata included in the Digital Item. Some possible scenarios follow.
⎯ On receipt of a Digital Item Declaration, a list of Digital Item Methods (contained or referenced from within
the DIDL document representing the Digital Item) can be presented to the User. The User can choose a
Digital Item Method and then the Objects on which it operates. The Digital Item Processing engine then
executes the chosen Digital Item Method with the chosen Objects as arguments;
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⎯ On receipt of a Digital Item Declaration, a list of Objects is presented based on the presence of Identifiers
of the DII XML Namespace. The User chooses one or more of these Object(s). A list of Digital Item
Methods that takes as arguments the (set of) Object(s) is then presented to the User. The User selects a
Digital Item Method that is then executed by the Digital Item Processing engine.
4.2 Relation of Digital Item Processing with other parts of ISO/IEC 21000
Digital Item Processing is related to ISO/IEC 21000-2 by providing normative tools that enable functionality to
be included in a Digital Item.
Implementations of DIBOs might have requirements or choices of implementation related to other parts of
ISO/IEC 21000. ISO/IEC 21000-4, for instance, is expected to require that DIBO implementations accessing
governed resources are required to check for permissions before doing so. In such cases, DIBO
implementations would check for permissions and, in so doing, may take advantage of information compliant
with ISO/IEC 21000-5 and ISO/IEC 21000-6. DIBO implementations may also make use of information
compliant with ISO/IEC 21000-7, if appropriate to the DIBO semantics.
NOTE Annex G provides guidance on how to support DIP while maintaining a level of interaction with a Digital Item
that is consistent with the available rights.
Overall processing of a Digital Item remains largely at the discretion of an application. Digital Items are
intended to be used throughout the delivery chain, and thus different applications and different Users will
perform different overall processing of a Digital Item. Digital Item Methods can be regarded as a ‘menu' of
User interaction possibilities. Digital Item Methods can then be utilized during processing of Digital Items to
understand the Digital Item Method author's suggested manner of User interaction with a Digital Item.
Different Digital Item Methods can be authored such that they provide different suggested interactions
appropriate for different Users at various junctures in the delivery chain. This part of ISO/IEC 21000 specifies
how to author Digital Item Methods and integrate them in a Digital Item Declaration. It does not specify how to
restrict access to a Digital Item Method. This can be achieved, by utilizing other parts of ISO/IEC 21000 such
as ISO/IEC 21000-4 and ISO/IEC 21000-5.
4.3 Documentation conventions
Literal machine-readable character sequences are shown in fixed width font.
References to DID Model entity names are shown in italics.
References to DIDL element names are shown in FIXED WIDTH SMALL CAPS FONT.
Normative syntax for DIP tools specified by XML Schema declarations and definitions are shown in this
document using a separate font and background as follows.
EXAMPLE
XML Schema declarations and definitions as in the above example are to be considered fragments of a
complete schema within an XML schema wrapper as described in 4.4.
Normative semantics for XML Schema declarations and definitions are set out in a table as follows.
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EXAMPLE
Semantics of ExampleType:
Name Definition
ExampleType Example type semantics.
4.4 Schema wrapper
XML Schema declarations and definitions provided as XML fragments are to be understood as fragments of a
complete schema and contained within an XML Schema schema element as follows.
targetNamespace="urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-DIP-NS"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:dip="urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-DIP-NS"
elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
4.5 Use of namespace prefixes
Qualified Names are written with a namespace prefix followed by a colon followed by the local part of the
Qualified Name as shown in the following example.
EXAMPLE dip:ObjectType
For clarity, consistent namespace prefixes as listed below are used in this part of ISO/IEC 21000.
Table 1 — Mapping of prefixes to namespaces
Prefix Namespace
dia urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2003:01-DIA-NS
didl urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDL-NS
dii urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:01-DII-NS
dip urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2005:01-DIP-NS
xsd http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xsi http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
xi http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude
NOTE The prefixes xml and xmlns are normatively defined by Namespaces in XML (see W3C REC-xml-names-
19990114). All other prefixes are not normative and are used by convention for consistency in this part of ISO/IEC 21000.
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For informative examples provided as XML fragments without namespace declarations, the default
namespace by convention in this part of ISO/IEC 21000 is defined as urn:mpeg:mpeg21:2002:02-DIDL-NS
and the different prefixes are bound to the namespaces as listed above.
5 Digital Item Methods
5.1 Introduction
Digital Item Methods (DIMs) provide for a program
...
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