ISO 20712-3:2014
(Main)Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 3: Guidance for use
Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 3: Guidance for use
ISO 20712-3:2014 gives guidance for the selection and use of water safety signs as specified in ISO 20712‑1 and beach safety flags as specified in ISO 20712‑2, in aquatic environments. It provides guidance on their location, mounting positions, lighting and maintenance. It also provides guidance on the design and location of multiple signs. ISO 20712-3:2014 does not apply to traffic signs for use on the public highway or maritime signalling. It is not applicable to flags for use on firing ranges or to flags used to indicate water quality. It does not cover means of escape signs and their illumination which may be present.
Signaux de sécurité relatifs à l'eau et drapeaux de sécurité pour les plages — Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20712-3
Second edition
2014-03-01
Water safety signs and beach safety
flags —
Part 3:
Guidance for use
Signaux de sécurité relatifs à l’eau et drapeaux de sécurité pour les
plages —
Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour l’utilisation
Reference number
ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Guidance for selection and siting of signs and flags . 2
4.1 Guidance for risk assessment . 2
4.2 Siting . 3
5 Water safety signs . 4
5.1 General requirements for aquatic environments . 4
5.2 Specific requirements for the swimming pool environment . 6
6 Beach safety flags . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Application of specific beach safety flags . 7
6.3 Materials for beach safety flags . 8
6.4 Operation of flags . 8
6.5 Flag-pole . 9
6.6 Inspection and maintenance of flags and flag-poles . 9
6.7 Storage of flags . 9
7 Multiple signs . 9
7.1 General requirements . 9
7.2 Presentation of information . 9
7.3 Types of multiple signs .11
8 Tsunami signing system .14
8.1 Planning .14
8.2 Tsunami safety signs and associated safety information signs .14
Annex A (informative) Distance factor z .16
Annex B (informative) Examples of signing swimming pools .17
Annex C (informative) Examples of positioning beach safety flags .19
Annex D (informative) Typeface for text .21
Annex E (informative) Examples of tsunami signing system .23
Bibliography .28
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols, Subcommittee SC 2,
Safety identification, signs, shapes, symbols and colours.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20712-3:2008), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 20712 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water safety signs and beach safety
flags:
— Part 1: Specifications for water safety signs used in workplaces and public areas
— Part 2: Specifications for beach safety flags — Colour, shape, meaning and performance
— Part 3: Guidance for use
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 20712 reflects good practice in the use of water safety signs and beach safety flags. The
illustrations show examples of the selection and location of water safety signs and beach safety flags
designed to provide information about aquatic hazards and the action necessary to avoid those hazards.
A standardized method of signing with the use of appropriate supplementary text throughout the
working and public environment assists the process of education and instruction on the meaning of
water safety signs and beach safety flags, and the appropriate actions to take. The intention of this part
of ISO 20712 is to ensure a uniformity of application of water safety signs and beach safety flags which
leads to increased familiarity, and therefore improved safety, for the users including visitors and for the
general public.
The illustrations within this part of ISO 20712 are based on assumptions that some of the people may be
unfamiliar with the features of the indoor or outdoor swimming pools or of the beach. The illustrations
are not intended to cover every potentially hazardous situation and they should be interpreted as
recommendations and not as minimum requirements.
The use of water safety signs and beach safety flags does not replace the need for proper working
methods and safety instruction or for training in accident prevention and the actions to be taken in the
event of an emergency, or for the provision of lifeguards.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.
NOTE 1 Some countries’ statutory regulations may differ in some respect from those given in this part of
ISO 20712.
NOTE 2 Some countries may differ in some respect from the requirements given in this part of ISO 20712
where they use the diamond geometric shape for warning signs.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
Water safety signs and beach safety flags —
Part 3:
Guidance for use
IMPORTANT — The colours represented in the electronic file of this part of ISO 20712 can be
neither viewed on screen nor printed as true representations. Although the copies of this part
of ISO 20712 printed by ISO have been produced to correspond (with an acceptable tolerance as
judged by the naked eye) to the requirements of ISO 3864-4, it is not intended that these printed
copies be used for colour matching. Instead, consult ISO 3864‑4, which provides colorimetric and
photometric properties, together with, as a guideline, references from colour order systems.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20712 gives guidance for the selection and use of water safety signs as specified in
ISO 20712-1 and beach safety flags as specified in ISO 20712-2, in aquatic environments. It provides
guidance on their location, mounting positions, lighting and maintenance. It also provides guidance on
the design and location of multiple signs.
This part of ISO 20712 does not apply to traffic signs for use on the public highway or maritime signalling.
It is not applicable to flags for use on firing ranges or to flags used to indicate water quality. It does not
cover means of escape signs and their illumination which may be present.
NOTE The illustrations in this part of ISO 20712 are as accurate as possible within the limitations of the
printing process.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3864-4, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric
properties of safety sign materials
ISO 7001, Graphical symbols — Public information symbols
ISO 7010, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
ISO 17724, Graphical symbols — Vocabulary
ISO 20712-1, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 1: Specifications for water safety signs used
in workplaces and public areas
ISO 20712-2, Water safety signs and beach safety flags — Part 2: Specifications for beach safety flags —
Colour, shape, meaning and performance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17724 and the following apply.
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
3.1
beach
area forming a shoreline or sloping bank at the edge of the sea or a river estuary or lake
[SOURCE: ISO 20712-2:2007, definition 3.1]
3.2
beach safety flag
material that gives a particular safety message by means of a combination of one or more colours and a
geometric shape, and is attached by one end to a pole or rope
Note 1 to entry: A flag can also have additional support, e.g. a horizontal support.
[SOURCE: ISO 20712-2:2007, definition 3.2]
3.3
factor of distance
z
relationship between the height (h) of a sign and the observation distance (l), used to determine
observation distances of signs
z = l/h
[SOURCE: ISO 17724:2003, definition 28]
3.4
multiple sign
two or more safety signs and/or associated supplementary information on the same carrier
3.5
pool basin
water tank where water related activities can take place
3.6
pool surround
area around a pool basin for entry and exit to the pool basin and general circulation space
3.7
safety sign
sign which gives a general safety message, obtained by a combination of a colour and geometric shape
and which, by the addition of a graphical symbol, gives a particular safety message
[SOURCE: ISO 17724:2003, definition 68]
3.8
sign height
diameter of a circular geometric shape or height of a rectangular or triangular geometric shape of the
type of safety sign
Note 1 to entry: Any outer border to the safety sign is excluded. See ISO 3864-1.
4 Guidance for selection and siting of signs and flags
4.1 Guidance for risk assessment
Selection and use shall be determined following the results of a risk assessment. The risk assessment
should take into account the following specific issues:
a) hazards and associated risks of the aquatic environment;
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
b) regulations or legislation;
c) operation and management of the aquatic environment;
d) users and their foreseeable behaviour.
In specific situations, other issues may have to be considered in a risk assessment.
NOTE The users can be in unfamiliar environments, not wearing their normal sight correction lenses, or in
bare feet.
As the result of the risk assessment, a comprehensive statement of requirements should be prepared
and used as the basis for the detailed design and specification for the selection and use of signs and flags.
4.2 Siting
4.2.1 Water safety signs and multiple signs
The siting of water safety signs and multiple signs should allow hazards to be recognized and appropriate
avoiding action to be taken by users.
The following matters (issues, factors) should be considered:
a) location of hazards and their signage;
b) location of entrances/access to facilities;
c) location of any other signs;
d) location of architectural features, décor, structures, vegetation or people that could conceal or
divert attention from signs;
e) lighting level and characteristics under both normal and mains-failure conditions;
f) appropriate supplementary text to water safety signs;
g) appropriate information on multiple signs.
4.2.2 Beach safety flags
The siting of beach safety flags should allow hazards to be recognized and appropriate avoiding action
to be taken by users.
The following matters (issues, factors) should be considered:
a) nature and location of hazards and their relevant signage;
b) zoning or boundaries of aquatic activities;
c) location of structures, beach furniture or vegetation that could conceal or divert attention from
flags;
d) location of flag-poles;
e) appropriate information on multiple signs, such as an explanation of meaning of flags and the
presence or otherwise of a lifeguard service.
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
5 Water safety signs
5.1 General requirements for aquatic environments
5.1.1 General
The system designer should identify the locations of the hazards.
Water safety signs should conform to ISO 20712-1. Where other safety sign meanings are required,
these safety signs should conform to ISO 7010. Safety signs should comply with the colorimetric and
photometric requirements given in ISO 3864-4.
The required sign height of the safety sign should be determined from the maximum viewing distance
under different external illumination conditions and the relevant distance factor z according to Table A.1.
The following principles should be taken into account when planning water safety signage; signs should:
a) be sited conspicuously within the normal field of vision;
b) contrast to their surroundings;
NOTE The contrast and conspicuity may be increased by the provision of an outer border or by mounting
on a sign board with a colour contrasting to the surroundings.
c) be visible from any place within the vicinity of the hazard;
d) be sited at the same height throughout the aquatic facility, as far as is reasonable;
e) take precedence over all other signs with the exception of escape route signing, if applicable;
f) be placed so that they are not a hazard;
g) be placed at sharp changes in depth, if applicable;
h) be illuminated, if applicable, to ensure that they are visible and legible.
Care should be taken to avoid over-provision of safety signs at one location as this can confuse viewers
and result in individual safety messages not being noticed and understood.
5.1.2 Mounting height
The following principles should be applied to assist users of the facilities to predict the location of
successive signs, whether they are mounted on walls, posts or overhead.
a) Signs should be mounted as close as practicable to the observer’s line of sight in the vertical plane.
For a standing adult, this will be approximately 5° up or down from a point 1 500 mm above ground
level in front of the observer.
b) Signs that are freestanding or mounted overhead should be placed so that they are not a hazard.
c) Where practical, the space in front of the sign should be clear so that people without correction
lenses or with visual impairments are able to approach the sign to reduce their viewing distance.
5.1.3 Lighting
If artificial lighting is provided, effective illumination is required both in normal and in mains-failure
conditions, if applicable.
There are various ways of ensuring the satisfactory illumination of signs.
Some types of lighting, e.g. low pressure sodium, do not enable effective colour recognition and are
therefore unlikely to be suitable for the illumination of water safety signs.
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
Where a sign is illuminated by an external artificial light source, the vertical illumination should be a
minimum of 100 lx under normal lighting conditions.
5.1.4 Sign height and maximum viewing distance
A sign should be both visible and legible at the maximum viewing distance.
NOTE 1 The sign height necessary to achieve these criteria will depend upon the viewing distance and the
illumination of the sign. Measurement of sign height is given in Table 1.
NOTE 2 In external environments, a sign may be made more visible by provision of a larger colour contrasting
border or background.
Table 1 — Measurement of sign height
Sign Type of sign
height
Safe condition Mandatory action Prohibition Warning
h
The required maximum viewing distance of a sign should be determined by its position within the
area and take into account the needs of people with normal sight and people with visual impairments.
Distance factors z for different illumination conditions and visual acuity are given in Table A.1.
The recommended maximum viewing distance for a particular sign height h, in millimetres (mm), can
be calculated from the following equation:
lz= h
where
l is the required viewing distance, in millimetres (mm);
z is the relevant distance factor from Table A.1.
Recommended maximum viewing distances for different minimum sign heights under normal/natural
illumination are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Recommended maximum viewing distance for different minimum sign heights under
normal/natural illumination
Minimum sign height Maximum viewing distance
mm m
Normal visual acuity Visual acuity 6/60
60 3,6 0,36
80 4,8 0,48
120 7,2 0,72
180 10,8 1,08
240 14,4 1,44
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
For intermediate viewing distances, the next largest available sign height should be used.
The maximum viewing distances in Table 2 relate to viewing normal to the sign. When a sign viewed at
an angle of α to the normal, the maximum viewing distances are reduced by the multiplying factor cos α.
The relevant viewing distance should be such that the observer is informed of potential hazards and of
the safety precautions and/or actions required to avoid the hazard(s) before the observer makes any
contact with the hazard(s).
Any variation of the sizes of signs within a facility should be kept to a minimum.
5.1.5 Use of supplementary text
A supplementary text sign will help to ensure that the meaning of the water safety sign is fully understood
and may convey additional information. For guidance on supplementary text, see Annex D.
5.1.6 Construction: durability and suitability
Signs should be selected to be suitable for their operating environment.
NOTE ISO 17398 covers aspects of performance and durability of safety signs.
Factors that should be considered include:
a) durability of base material;
b) durability of graphical content;
c) colour/light fastness;
d) resistance to damage from bather traffic or from cleaning;
e) resistance to exposure to water;
f) resistance to corrosion, such as by sea spray;
g) resistance to graffiti;
h) flame resistance;
i) type and suitability of fixings;
j) resistance to wind loads.
Installed signs should be suitable for the expected environmental conditions.
Installers and designers should seek adequate assurance from suppliers in these aspects.
5.1.7 Servicing and maintenance
Signs should be cleaned and visually inspected at regular intervals, and action should be taken to remedy
any defects. A sign which has been damaged or faded should be replaced.
A sign shall be removed when its function is no longer needed.
5.2 Specific requirements for the swimming pool environment
The system designer should identify the locations of the hazards associated with the swimming pool
and equipment.
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
The following principles should be taken into account.
— Signs should be placed in a position where they can both be seen by users before entering the water
on the pool surround and also once in the water in the pool basin.
— The number and location of depth markings should vary dependent upon the size and configuration
of the swimming pool. Depth marking should always be provided at the shallow and deep end, and
additional marking along the length of the swimming pool.
— Signs may be floor mounted and their orientation should be for a person at the swimming pool
surround looking towards the water and should be within 0,5 m from the edge of the pool basin.
— All signs used at floor level and on the sides of the pool basin should not cause an abrasive hazard or
obstruction to users.
— Signs may be mounted on the wall between the surface of the water and the edge of the pool basin,
and should be aligned with any floor mounted safety signs on the swimming pool surround.
NOTE For example, the following signs may be used:
— “No running” (ISO 20712–1-WSP001) at the pool surround, including other wet floor areas;
— “No diving” (ISO 20712–1-WSP005) at appropriate locations alongside the swimming pool;
— Water depth: “Warning; Deep water” (ISO 20712–1-WSW005); “Warning; Shallow water (diving)” (ISO 20712–
1-WSW006); “Warning; Sudden drop in swimming or leisure pools” (ISO 20712–1-WSW008).
Examples of signing swimming pools are given in Annex B.
6 Beach safety flags
6.1 General
Beach safety flags used should conform to ISO 20712-2.
Beach safety flags should be positioned so that all users can view them when they are displayed.
NOTE The distance can vary due to weather and light conditions and the locations of flags may need to be
adjusted accordingly.
To ensure water users and members of the public are aware of the meaning of certain flags, it might be
necessary to use text to explain the meaning. The text should either be fixed to the flag-pole, or given on
multiple signs displayed along the beach and at beach entrances/access points.
Examples of positioning beach safety flags are given in Annex C.
Application and operation of beach safety flags should be carried out by an appropriately qualified
person with knowledge of local conditions.
6.2 Application of specific beach safety flags
6.2.1 Red flag BF.01
Flag BF.01 should be used when there is danger of unsafe water conditions for swimming and other
water activities. Examples of such conditions are rough conditions such as strong surf and/or currents
are present. This flag should be used to designate the area along a beach where swimmers should not
enter the water or conduct other water activities.
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ISO 20712-3:2014(E)
6.2.2 Yellow flag BF.02
Flag BF.02 should be used to designate a general warning. It is essential that a sign be placed in proximity
to the flag to give additional information about the beach and swimming area and any specific updated
information.
6.2.3 Red/yellow flag BF.03
Flag BF.03 should be used in pairs to designate each area along a beach which is most closely supervised
or patrolled, and to which it is intended that swimming and body boarding is to be confined. The
positions of red/yellow flags BF.03, indicating a lifeguard patrolled zone, should be designated by a
qualified lifeguard. Where a lifeguard patrolled zone is not used, a single red/yellow flag BF.03 may be
used to indicate that a lifeguard is on duty. This should only be displayed at the lifeguard station, hut or
highchair etc.
6.2.4 Black/white flag BF.04
Flag BF.04 should be used to designate a zone or the boundary of the zone on a beach for use of surfboards
and other water craft. These flags should be positioned outside of the area designated by the red/yellow
flag BF.03 for swimming or body boarding.
6.2.5 Red/white flag BF.05
Flag BF.05 should be used to signify that people leave the water because of an emergency. Examples of
emergencies include dangerous marine creatures, toxic spill causing water pollution and the discovery
of an underwater hazard in the area.
6.2.6 Truncated orange cone
Windsock BF.06 should be used when there is danger of using inflatable leisure articles in windy or
unsafe water conditions. This flag should be used to designate a beach where no such articles should be
used on the water.
6.3 Materials for beach safety flags
Flags should be made of fabrics which meet the specifications of ISO 20712-2.
6.4 Operation of flags
6.4.1 Mounting position
The minimum height for a flag should be such as to help try and prevent damage to the flag by vandalism
and to help prevent the flag flapping around
...
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