ISO/TR 14697:1997
(Main)Fire tests — Guidance on the choice of substrates for building products
Fire tests — Guidance on the choice of substrates for building products
Essais au feu — Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles pour les produits du bâtiment
Požarni preskusi - Navodila za izbiro podlag za gradbene proizvode
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TECHNICAL ISOITR
14697
REPORT
First edition
1997-08-15
Fire tests - Guidance on the choice
of substrates for building products
Essais au feu - Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles
pour /es prod&s du b&iment
Reference number
ISOTTR 14697:1997(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Page
Contents
1
1 Scope
1
2 Definitions
2
3 Guidance rules
4
4 Storage of reference substrates
5
5 Methods of application to the substrate
6
Annex A: Bibliography
0 IS0 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
central @ iso.ch
Internet
x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (IS0 members bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented in that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional
circumstances a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the
following types:
- type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International
Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
-- type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
- type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (“state of the art ”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not
necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
ISO/TR14697, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92,
Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Reaction tofire tests.
. . .
III
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This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT @ IS0 lSO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Fire tests
- Guidance on the choice of substrates for building
products
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidance on the choice of substrates for building products when carrying out
reaction-to-fire tests.
Many building products are produced and used in combination with other materials; for example, wall-
coverings are adhered to many different substrates, which vary in their thickness, density, thermal
conductivity and flammability characteristics. When selecting a substrate on which to fix a sample of
building product for reaction-to-fire testing, the guidelines given in this Technical Report should be
followed.
2 Definitions
For the purpose of this Technical Report, the definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 52 together with the
following apply.
21
absembly
fabrication of materials and/or composites
NOTE - This may include an air gap.
EXAMPLE - Dry wall partition.
22 .
coating
product applied as a liquid or a powder to a substrate which will cure or dry into a continuous protective
facing to the substrate
23 .
composite
combination of materials which are recognised in building construction as discrete entities
EXAMPLE - Coated, faced or laminated materials.
24 .
exposed surface
that surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test or fire in end-use
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
@ IS0
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
25
.
facing
thin pre-produced sheet material which is applied to the substrate using an adhesive or the self-adhesive
properties of the substrate or fixing
26 .
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture
27
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
28 .
spacers
non-combustible material applied in the form of edge strips to a non-combustible substrate to provide an
AA
air gap behind a product for testing ses
Purpo
29 .
substrate
that used immediately beneath a surface in end-use
material which is used or is representative of
EXAMPLE - Plasterboard beneath a wallcovering.
NOTE - This definition of a substrate is different from that given in IS0 2424. For textile floor coverings, the
substrate is considered to be part of the floor covering assembly below the use surface. In the context of this fire
testing standard, the substrate should be chosen to represent the type of floor on which the textile or non-textile
floor covering is placed.
3 Guidance rules
3.1 Rule 1: In all cases, end-use substrates are preferred
The term end-use substrate applies not only to the material immediately beneath the surface to be tested,
but also to the method of attachment which must also be end-use in terms of the type and application,
where appropriate.
If the product has both primary and secondary substrates in end-use practice, the test specimen should be
prepared to incorporate both substrates (the second substrate may be an air gap); e.g. a paint coating to a
steel plate which has an insulation substrate beneath as in a sandwich panel construction. The paint layer
in this case should be tested together with the steel and the insulation.
NOTE 1 The test method will define the required specimen dimensions.
NOTE 2 In no test method should water or another highly conductive liquid be used as a secondary substrate.
This requirement for end-use testing is necessary since underlying layers of material and also various
methods of attachment are known to have a profound effect on the fire performance of the surface
product. The effects are more pronounced when assessing some parameters than others; for example, the
choice of substrates when assessing the spread of flame performance of a material can make the difference
2
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
@ IS0 ISOmR 14697:1997(E)
between having the lowest or highest level of performance for the same surface material. Choice of the
method of attachment can also effect performance since partial delamination can create a significantly
worse fire performance due to the insulator-y air layer created between the material and the substrate.
In some actual uses, the substrate may be ‘air’ since an airgap is formed in the construction of the lining to
wall, ceiling or floor surface, by the use of battens, etc. If an airgap is used in practice, then this should be
simulated in the preparation and testing of the specimen.
3.2 Rule 2: As an alternative option, for non-combustible (i.e. PCS ’) = 0 when tested to IS0 1716)
substrates or substrates of limited combustibility (i.e. PCS” < 1,0 MJ/kg when tested to IS0 1716),
the following reference substrates may be used to represent end use substrates having a density
which is equal to or more than the nominal value of the density of the reference substrate
(see table 1)
Table 1 - Reference substrates
Fire performance when
Reference substrate Density Thickness Thermal inertia assessed to IS0 1716
or IS0 5658-2
wm3> (mm>
( W2s/m4 K2)
1800* 100 6* 1 PCS = 0 kJ/kg
a) Fibre cement board
about 9,0 x lo4
750* 100 11&2 PCS = 0 kJ/kg
b) Calcium silicate board about 9,0 x lo4
c) Gypsum plasterboard*) 800* 10
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
01-februar-1998
Požarni preskusi - Navodila za izbiro podlag za gradbene proizvode
Fire tests -- Guidance on the choice of substrates for building products
Essais au feu -- Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles pour les produits du
bâtiment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 14697:1997
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
TECHNICAL ISOITR
14697
REPORT
First edition
1997-08-15
Fire tests - Guidance on the choice
of substrates for building products
Essais au feu - Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles
pour /es prod&s du b&iment
Reference number
ISOTTR 14697:1997(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Page
Contents
1
1 Scope
1
2 Definitions
2
3 Guidance rules
4
4 Storage of reference substrates
5
5 Methods of application to the substrate
6
Annex A: Bibliography
0 IS0 1997
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
central @ iso.ch
Internet
x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (IS0 members bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented in that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, but in exceptional
circumstances a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the
following types:
- type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International
Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
-- type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
- type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
published as an International Standard (“state of the art ”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not
necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
ISO/TR14697, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92,
Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Reaction tofire tests.
. . .
III
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
TECHNICAL REPORT @ IS0 lSO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
Fire tests
- Guidance on the choice of substrates for building
products
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidance on the choice of substrates for building products when carrying out
reaction-to-fire tests.
Many building products are produced and used in combination with other materials; for example, wall-
coverings are adhered to many different substrates, which vary in their thickness, density, thermal
conductivity and flammability characteristics. When selecting a substrate on which to fix a sample of
building product for reaction-to-fire testing, the guidelines given in this Technical Report should be
followed.
2 Definitions
For the purpose of this Technical Report, the definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 52 together with the
following apply.
21
absembly
fabrication of materials and/or composites
NOTE - This may include an air gap.
EXAMPLE - Dry wall partition.
22 .
coating
product applied as a liquid or a powder to a substrate which will cure or dry into a continuous protective
facing to the substrate
23 .
composite
combination of materials which are recognised in building construction as discrete entities
EXAMPLE - Coated, faced or laminated materials.
24 .
exposed surface
that surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test or fire in end-use
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
@ IS0
ISO/TR 14697: 1997(E)
25
.
facing
thin pre-produced sheet material which is applied to the substrate using an adhesive or the self-adhesive
properties of the substrate or fixing
26 .
material
single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture
27
product
material, composite or assembly about which information is required
28 .
spacers
non-combustible material applied in the form of edge strips to a non-combustible substrate to provide an
AA
air gap behind a product for testing ses
Purpo
29 .
substrate
that used immediately beneath a surface in end-use
material which is used or is representative of
EXAMPLE - Plasterboard beneath a wallcovering.
NOTE - This definition of a substrate is different from that given in IS0 2424. For textile floor coverings, the
substrate is considered to be part of the floor covering assembly below the use surface. In the context of this fire
testing standard, the substrate should be chosen to represent the type of floor on which the textile or non-textile
floor covering is placed.
3 Guidance rules
3.1 Rule 1: In all cases, end-use substrates are preferred
The term end-use substrate applies not only to the material immediately beneath the surface to be tested,
but also to the method of attachment which must also be end-use in terms of the type and application,
where appropriate.
If the product has both primary and secondary substrates in end-use practice, the test specimen should be
prepared to incorporate both substrates (the second substrate may be an air gap); e.g. a paint coating to a
steel plate which has an insulation substrate beneath as in a sandwich panel construction. The paint layer
in this case should be tested together with the steel and the insulation.
NOTE 1 The test method will define the required specimen dimensions.
NOTE 2 In no test method should water or another highly conductive liquid be used as a secondary substrate.
This requirement for end-use testing is necessary since underlying layers of material and also various
methods of attachment are known to have a profound effect on the fire performance of the surface
product. The effects are more pronounced when assessing some parameters than others; for example, the
choice of substrates when assessing the spread of flame performance of a material can make the difference
2
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14697:1998
@ IS0 ISOmR 14697:1997(E)
between having the lowest or highest level of performance for the same surface material. Choice of the
method of attachment can also effect performance since partial delamination can create a significantly
worse fire performance due to the insulator-y air layer created between the material and the substrate.
In some actual uses, the substrate may be ‘air’ since an airgap is formed in the construction of the lining to
wall, ceiling or floor surface, by the use of battens, etc. If an airgap is used in practice, then this should be
simulated in the preparation and testing of the specimen.
3.2 Rule 2: As an alternative option, for non-combustible (i.e. PCS ’) = 0 when tested to IS0 1716)
substrates or substrates of limited combustibility (i.e. P
...
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