ISO 13322-1:2014
(Main)Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 1: Static image analysis methods
Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 1: Static image analysis methods
ISO 13322-1:2014 is applicable to the analysis of images for the purpose of determining particle size distributions where the velocity of the particles against the axis of the optical system of the imaging device is zero. The particles are appropriately dispersed and fixed in the object plane of the instrument. The field of view may sample the object plane dynamically either by moving the sample support or the camera provided this can be accomplished without any motion effects on the image. Captured images can be analysed subsequently. ISO 13322-1:2014 concentrates upon the analysis of digital images created from either light or electron detection systems. It considers only image evaluation methods using complete pixel counts.
Analyse granulométrique — Méthodes par analyse d'images — Partie 1: Méthodes par analyse d'images statiques
Granulometrijska analiza - Metode analize slike - 1. del: Statične metode analize slike
Ta del standarda ISO 13322 velja za analize slik za določanje razporeditve velikosti delcev, kadar je hitrost delcev glede na os optičnega sistema naprave za slikanje enaka nič. Delci so ustrezno razpršeni in fiksni v predmetni ravnini instrumenta. Vidno polje lahko vzorči predmetno ravnino dinamično s premikanjem podpore vzorca ali predložene kamere. To je mogoče doseči brez kakršnih koli učinkov gibanja na sliko. Posnete slike je mogoče analizirati pozneje.
Ta del standarda ISO 13322 se osredotoča na analizo digitalnih slik, ustvarjenih s sistemi za zaznavanje svetlobe ali elektronov. Ne zajema metode ustvarjanja slike, čeprav je nastavitev zaznavanja, ki je izbrana skupaj s kalibracijo, pomembna za natančnost določanja velikosti delcev. Ta del standarda ISO 13322 zajema samo metode ocenjevanja slik z uporabo popolnega štetja pikslov. Vrsta porazdelitve (glede na število ali prostornino) skupaj s širino porazdelitve velikosti delcev ima bistven vpliv na število delcev za merjenje, da se zagotovi natančnost v okviru določenih mejah zaupanja. Primer je prikazan v prilogi A. Avtomatizacija analize je mogoča, da se izmeri zadostno število delcev za zahtevano stopnjo natančnosti.
Ta del standarda ISO 13322 ne obravnava priprave vzorca. Kljub temu so podvzorčenje, razpršitev in predstavitev delcev za merjenje ključni deli operativne verige dejanj, ki so potrebna za zagotovitev pravilnosti in natančnosti končnih rezultatov.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 13322-1:2006
*UDQXORPHWULMVNDDQDOL]D0HWRGHDQDOL]HVOLNHGHO 6WDWLþQHPHWRGHDQDOL]H
VOLNH
Particle size analysis - Image analysis methods - Part 1: Static image analysis methods
Analyse granulométrique - Méthodes par analyse d'images - Partie 1: Méthodes par
analyse d'images statiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 13322-1:2014
ICS:
19.120 Analiza velikosti delcev. Particle size analysis. Sieving
Sejanje
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13322-1
Second edition
2014-05-15
Particle size analysis — Image analysis
methods —
Part 1:
Static image analysis methods
Analyse granulométrique — Méthodes par analyse d’images —
Partie 1: Méthodes par analyse d’images statiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions and list of symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols . 4
4 Preparation for image capture . 5
4.1 Introduction . 5
4.2 Procedures . 5
5 Sample preparation demands for method description . 6
5.1 Sample splitting and reduction . 6
5.2 Touching particles . 6
5.3 Particle distribution. 6
5.4 Number of particles to be counted . 6
5.5 Particle suspending fluid . 7
6 Quality of captured images . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Pixels per particle . 7
7 Image analysis . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Size classes and magnification . 8
8 Counting procedure . 9
8.1 General . 9
8.2 Particle image edges . 9
8.3 Particles cut by the edge of the measurement frame.10
8.4 Touching particles .11
8.5 Measurements .12
9 Calculation of the particle size results .12
10 Calibration and traceability .12
10.1 General .12
10.2 Recommendations and requirements .13
11 Accuracy .14
11.1 General .14
11.2 Reference materials .14
11.3 Instrument preparation .14
11.4 Qualification test .15
11.5 Qualification acceptance .15
12 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Estimation of the number of particles to be counted for a given accuracy .17
Annex B (informative) Common segmentation methods for particle edge detection.22
Annex C (informative) Flow chart showing a typical image analysis method.23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 24, Particle characterization including sieving,
Subcommittee SC 4, Particle characterization.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13322-1:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 13322 consists of the following parts, under the general title Particle size analysis — Image analysis
methods:
— Part 1: Static image analysis methods
— Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The purpose of this part of ISO 13322 is to give guidance when using images for particle size analysis.
Image analysis is a technique that has gained popularity in different applications. The aim of this part
of ISO 13322 is to give a standardized description of the technique used and its validation. This part of
ISO 13322 does not describe specific instruments and is restricted to those parts of the acquisition of
images that are relevant to the accuracy of the particle size analysis.
This part of ISO 13322 includes methods of calibration verification and recommends using a certified
standard as a reference scale. However it is sensible to make some measurements on particles under
study, or other reference objects, of known size so that the likely systematic uncertainties introduced by
the equipment can be assessed.
Errors introduced at all stages of the analysis from sub-division of the sample to generation of the final
result add to the total uncertainty of measurements and it is important to obtain estimates for the
uncertainty arising from each stage.
Essential operations are identified to ensure that measurements made conform to this part of ISO 13322
and are traceable.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13322-1:2014(E)
Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods —
Part 1:
Static image analysis methods
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13322 is applicable to the analysis of images for the purpose of determining particle
size distributions where the velocity of the particles against the axis of the optical system of the imaging
device is zero. The particles are appropriately dispersed and fixed in the object plane of the instrument.
The field of view may sample the object plane dynamically either by moving the sample support or the
camera provi
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13322-1
Second edition
2014-05-15
Particle size analysis — Image analysis
methods —
Part 1:
Static image analysis methods
Analyse granulométrique — Méthodes par analyse d’images —
Partie 1: Méthodes par analyse d’images statiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions and list of symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols . 4
4 Preparation for image capture . 5
4.1 Introduction . 5
4.2 Procedures . 5
5 Sample preparation demands for method description . 6
5.1 Sample splitting and reduction . 6
5.2 Touching particles . 6
5.3 Particle distribution. 6
5.4 Number of particles to be counted . 6
5.5 Particle suspending fluid . 7
6 Quality of captured images . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Pixels per particle . 7
7 Image analysis . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Size classes and magnification . 8
8 Counting procedure . 9
8.1 General . 9
8.2 Particle image edges . 9
8.3 Particles cut by the edge of the measurement frame.10
8.4 Touching particles .11
8.5 Measurements .12
9 Calculation of the particle size results .12
10 Calibration and traceability .12
10.1 General .12
10.2 Recommendations and requirements .13
11 Accuracy .14
11.1 General .14
11.2 Reference materials .14
11.3 Instrument preparation .14
11.4 Qualification test .15
11.5 Qualification acceptance .15
12 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Estimation of the number of particles to be counted for a given accuracy .17
Annex B (informative) Common segmentation methods for particle edge detection.22
Annex C (informative) Flow chart showing a typical image analysis method.23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 24, Particle characterization including sieving,
Subcommittee SC 4, Particle characterization.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13322-1:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 13322 consists of the following parts, under the general title Particle size analysis — Image analysis
methods:
— Part 1: Static image analysis methods
— Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The purpose of this part of ISO 13322 is to give guidance when using images for particle size analysis.
Image analysis is a technique that has gained popularity in different applications. The aim of this part
of ISO 13322 is to give a standardized description of the technique used and its validation. This part of
ISO 13322 does not describe specific instruments and is restricted to those parts of the acquisition of
images that are relevant to the accuracy of the particle size analysis.
This part of ISO 13322 includes methods of calibration verification and recommends using a certified
standard as a reference scale. However it is sensible to make some measurements on particles under
study, or other reference objects, of known size so that the likely systematic uncertainties introduced by
the equipment can be assessed.
Errors introduced at all stages of the analysis from sub-division of the sample to generation of the final
result add to the total uncertainty of measurements and it is important to obtain estimates for the
uncertainty arising from each stage.
Essential operations are identified to ensure that measurements made conform to this part of ISO 13322
and are traceable.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13322-1:2014(E)
Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods —
Part 1:
Static image analysis methods
1 Scope
This part of ISO 13322 is applicable to the analysis of images for the purpose of determining particle
size distributions where the velocity of the particles against the axis of the optical system of the imaging
device is zero. The particles are appropriately dispersed and fixed in the object plane of the instrument.
The field of view may sample the object plane dynamically either by moving the sample support or the
camera provided this can be accomplished without any motion effects on the image. Captured images
can be analysed subsequently.
This part of ISO 13322 concentrates upon the analysis of digital images created from either light or
electron detection systems. It does not address the method of creating the image although the detection
settings chosen together with its calibration are important to particle sizing accuracy. This part of
ISO 13322 considers only image evaluation methods using complete pixel counts.
Both the type of distribution, (by number or by volume) together with the width of the particle size
distribution has a very material influence upon the number of particles to be measured to secure the
desired accuracy within the specified confidence limits. An example is shown in Annex A.
Automation of the analysis is possible in order to measure sufficient particle numbers for a required
degree of precision.
This part of ISO 13322 does not address the sample preparation. However, the sub sam
...
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