ISO/TS 12828-3:2024
(Main)Validation method for fire gas analysis — Part 3: Considerations related to interlaboratory trials
Validation method for fire gas analysis — Part 3: Considerations related to interlaboratory trials
This document describes techniques and gives guidance concerning interlaboratory trials related to fire effluent analyses. It explains the relative contributions from the physical fire model and analytical techniques to evaluate trueness and fidelity. It also explains the difficulties involved in the interpretation of interlaboratory trials data and with the evaluation of trueness in fire effluent analyses.
Méthode de validation des analyses de gaz d'incendie — Partie 3: Considérations relatives aux essais interlaboratoires
Le présent document décrit des outils et fournit des lignes directrices sur les essais interlaboratoires liés aux analyses des effluents du feu. Il explique les contributions relatives à partir du modèle physique de feu et les techniques d'analyse permettant d'évaluer la justesse et la fidélité. Il explique également les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'interprétation des données interlaboratoires et de l'évaluation de la justesse dans le cadre des analyses des effluents du feu. Le présent document complète l'ISO 12828-1, qui traite des limites de quantification et de détection, et l'ISO 12828-2, qui traite de la validation interlaboratoires des méthodes d'analyse. Il s'agit d'une boîte à outils utile dans le cadre de l'évaluation d'un laboratoire du feu selon l'ISO/IEC 17025. Les normes existantes dans lesquelles les informations contenues dans le présent document peuvent être utilisées sont, par exemple, les méthodes d'analyse chimique de l'ISO 19701[2], l'ISO 19702[3], l'ISO 5660‑1[4], et les mesures chimiques des méthodes discutées dans l'ISO/TR 16312-2, l'ISO 16405[6], l'ISO/TS 19021[7], ou leur application à l'évaluation de la toxicité du feu selon l'ISO 13571[1] et l'ISO 13344[8].
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Technical
Specification
ISO/TS 12828-3
Second edition
Validation method for fire gas
2024-11
analysis —
Part 3:
Considerations related to
interlaboratory trials
Méthode de validation des analyses de gaz d'incendie —
Partie 3: Considérations relatives aux essais interlaboratoires
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 General considerations . 3
5.1 Trueness and fidelity .3
5.1.1 General .3
5.1.2 Trueness .3
5.1.3 Fidelity (precision) .4
5.1.4 Summary .5
5.2 Deviation sources independent from analytical technique .5
5.2.1 Deviation sources from the material or product tested .5
5.2.2 Deviation sources from the physical fire model used .5
5.3 Deviation sources due to analytical technique .6
6 Different kinds of interlaboratory trials . 6
6.1 Sources of error .6
6.2 Fire model, sampling, conditioning and analysis .6
6.3 Analysis alone.7
6.4 Comparison between techniques . . .7
Annex A (informative) Examples of application . 8
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat
to people and environment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 12828-3:2020), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Clause 1, 5.1.2, and 6.4 have been updated to clarify confusion between repeatability and reproducibility;
— minor editorial changes have been made throughout the document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12828 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The reduction of human tenability from fire effluent has long been recognized as a major cause of injury
and death in fire. The composition and concentration of the effluent from a large fire are also clearly key
factors in determining the potential for harm to the environment. The harmful components of fire effluent
can be determined from both large- and small-scale tests of materials and finished products. Formulae have
been developed for quantifying the effects of the effluent components, in order to estimate the available safe
[1]
escape time (ASET), for example. Related documents are also being developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 3 which
deal with environmental threats from fire effluent.
These advances in fire science and fire safety engineering have led to an increasing demand for quantitative
measurements of the chemical components of the fire effluent. The characterization of these measurements
is described in ISO 12828-2. This document describes the how to compare results from one laboratory to
another and how to obtain a global confidence in any measurement technique, independent of the user and
the conditions of use.
This document complements ISO 12828-1, which deals with limits of quantification and detection, and
ISO 12828-2, which deals with intralaboratory validation of analytical methods. It is a useful toolbox within
the framework of ISO/IEC 17025 assessment of any fire laboratory.
Examples of existing standards where the information contained in this document can be used are the
analytical chemical methods in ISO 19701, ISO 19702, ISO 5660-1, and the chemical measurements in
the methods discussed in ISO/TR 16312-2, ISO 16405, ISO/TS 19021, or their application to fire toxicity
assessment using ISO 13571 and ISO 13344.
v
Technical Specification ISO/TS 12828-3:2024(en)
Validation method for fire gas analysis —
Part 3:
Considerations related to interlaboratory trials
1 Scope
This document describes techniques and gives guidance concerning interlaboratory trials related to
fire effluent analyses. It explains the relative contributions from the physical fire model and analytical
techniques to evaluate trueness and fidelity. It also explains the difficulties involved in the interpretation of
interlaboratory trials data and with the evaluation of trueness in fire effluent analyses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 1: General
principles and definitions
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method for
the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 12828-2, Validation method for fire gas analysis — Part 2: Intralaboratory validation of quantification methods
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5725-1, ISO 13943, ISO 472 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a measured quantity value and a true quantity value of a measurand
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.13, modified — Note 1 to entry and Note 3 to entry have been removed.]
3.2
k-score
score that characterizes the fidelity of a laboratory
Note 1 to entry: The k-score is defined according to the following formula:
s
w
k =
i
s
r
where
k is the k-score of the laboratory i;
i
s is the within-laboratory standard deviation for the laboratory i;
w
s is the estimate of the repeatability standard deviation.
r
3.3
precision
closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate
measurements on the same or similar objects under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15, modified — Note 1 to entry and Note 4 to entry have been removed.]
3.4
trueness
closeness of agreement between the average of an infinite number of replicate measured quantity values
and a reference quantity value
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.14, modified — Note 1 to entry and Note 3 to entry have been removed.]
3.5
z-score
score that characterizes the bias and thus the trueness (3.4) of a laboratory, assuming the real value is the
general mean and the real dispersion is the overall standard deviation s
Note 1 to entry: The z-score is defined according to the following formula:
ym−
i
z =
i
s
where
z is the z-score of the laboratory i;
i
y
is the mean value from laboratory i;
i
m is the general mean, sometimes expressed as the level of the test;
s is the overall standard deviation.
4 Symbols
b laboratory component of bias under repeatability conditions
e random error occurring in repeatability conditions
k k-score, estimate of the fidelity of the laboratory i
i
m general mean, sometimes expressed as the level of the test
n number of laboratories
i
s overall standard deviation
s between-laboratory standard deviation
L
s estimate of the repeatability standard deviation
r
s estimate of the reproducibility standard deviation
R
s within-laboratory standard deviation for the laboratory i
w
y m
...
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