ISO 22183:2023

Plastics - Validation of force-time curves obtained from high-speed tensile tests

This document specifies procedures for validation of high-speed tensile test data. It specifies a method to determine the spectrum of the natural oscillation frequencies of the force transducer and grip configuration of the high-speed tensile test equipment. The lowest significant frequency is used for the validation. This validation procedure only applies to force measurement systems used in high-speed tensile testing machines showing a level of resonance influence that could be critical to the obtained result. Once the relevant frequencies of the system and the anticipated strain for the given material are known, this method allows to calculate the theoretical maximum allowed test speed too.

Plastiques — Validation des courbes force-temps obtenues à partir d'essais de traction à grande vitesse

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-May-2023
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 2 - Mechanical behavior
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 2/WG 1 - Static behavior
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 25-May-2023
• Due Date: 15-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 25-May-2023

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO/TS 24315-3:2025 - Intelligent transport systems - Management of electronic traffic regulations (METR) - Part 3: System of systems requirements and architecture (SoSR)
• Effective Date: 27-Jul-2024

Overview

ISO 22183:2023 - Plastics: Validation of force-time curves obtained from high-speed tensile tests - defines a practical procedure to validate dynamic force measurements from high-speed tensile testing of plastics. The standard focuses on identifying the natural oscillation spectrum of the force transducer + grip assembly and using the lowest significant resonance to assess whether measured force‑time curves are reliable. Once the system frequencies and the anticipated strain are known, the method also supports calculation of a theoretical maximum allowed test speed.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Natural oscillation measurement: Create a defined single centric impact on the grip using a striker; record the force-time response and extract the spectrum by FFT.
• Signal acquisition:
  • Sampling rate: at least twice the highest frequency of interest; 100 kHz recommended.
  • Measurement duration: capture the residual oscillations over about 5–12 ms.
  • Perform three strikes and average spectra.
• FFT analysis:
  • Use an appropriate time window (1.5 cycles after the impact peak is recommended for amplitude spectrum) and record window function.
  • Normalize amplitudes and plot normalized intensity vs. frequency.
  • Select the lowest relevant frequency (f_low) that shows a normalized intensity of 50% or more.
• Acceptance criteria:
  • Minimum event time (related to f_low and required number of oscillation cycles) ensures an event (yield/break) is resolvable.
  • Maximum allowed intensity: ratio of oscillation amplitude to maximum test force must be acceptable; large resonant amplitudes relative to F_max invalidate the curve.
• Practical setup requirements:
  • Striker must be centric to ±5 mm (or report deviation).
  • Impact level: residual oscillation peak >10% of full-scale of selected force range, ≥200 N, and ≥3× unloaded-state maximum.
  • Document amplifier range, cut-off frequency, and acquisition parameters.

Applications and users

• Test laboratories validating high‑speed tensile data for plastics.
• Manufacturers of high‑speed tensile test machines and force transducers.
• Materials researchers studying high strain‑rate behavior of polymers.
• Quality control in automotive, aerospace, sports equipment and any industry where dynamic tensile properties of plastics are critical. ISO 22183 helps determine whether force‑time measurements are free from resonant artifacts and supports selection of safe maximum test speeds.

Related standards (if applicable)

• Use ISO 22183 alongside established tensile testing and instrumentation standards and laboratory calibration procedures to ensure comprehensive test validity.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22183
First edition
2023-05
Plastics — Validation of force-time
curves obtained from high-speed
tensile tests
Plastiques — Validation des courbes force-temps obtenues à partir
d'essais de traction à grande vitesse
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Measurement of the natural oscillation spectrum of the grip and force transducer
configuration .5
5.1 Measurement of natural oscillation frequencies . 5
5.1.1 Set-up of the high-speed tensile equipment . 5
5.1.2 Set-up of the striker . 5
5.1.3 Measurement procedure . 5
5.2 Determination of the natural oscillation spectrum . 6
6 Validation . . 7
6.1 Minimum event time . 7
6.2 Maximum allowed intensity . 8
7 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Configuration of the high-speed testing machine .11
Annex B (informative) Example for the measurement of natural oscillation frequencies .15
Annex C (informative) Influence of a set position on the natural oscillation spectrum .18
Annex D (informative) Relation between the nominal test speed and the nominal strain .21
Bibliography .23
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical properties.
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iv
Introduction
The method described in this document provides criteria for the validation of measurement curves
obtained from high-speed tensile tests.
Force, time, travel and strain measurement systems of high-speed tensile equipment are usually
calibrated in static mode. Dynamic effects, occurring at such tests, need to be addressed and limits or
ranges of use for the obtained assessment parameters need to be set in order to allow the validation of
the obtained measurement curves.
This document contains a method to measure the spectrum of the natural mechanical frequencies of
the force transducer and grip arrangement, considering that these frequencies are the most important
limiting factor for the range of use of a high-speed tensile test equipment.
In addition, there are further parameters which may play a role for the dynamic quality of the
measurement curves, such as the data acquisition frequency, or oscillations generated in the machine
frame. These parameters should be carefully supervised, and measures need to be taken if such
problems occur in a significant way.
In case direct travel or strain measurement is used to generate stress-strain curves or to determine
nominal or local strain rates, further parameters, such as the synchronization between force, time and
strain channels, need to be supervised.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22183:2023(E)
Plastics — Validation of force-time curves obtained from
high-speed tensile tests
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for validation of high-speed tensile test data. It specifies a method
to determine the spectrum of the natural oscillation frequencies of the force transducer and grip
configuration of the high-speed tensile test equipment.
The lowest significant frequency is used for the validation. This validation procedure only applies to
force measurement systems used in high-speed tensile testing machines showing a level of resonance
influence that could be critical to the obtained result. Once the relevant frequencies of the system and
the anticipated strain for the given material are known, this method allows to calculate the theoretical
maximum allowed test speed too.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
unloaded region
time domain prior to the application of the load by the striker
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.2
striking peak
first force peak generated by the striker hitting the grip
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3
residual oscillations region
oscillations triggered by the striker
Note 1 to entry: It represents the force on the time domain after the strike of the striker.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1.
Key
X time (ms)
Y force (N)
1 unloaded region
2 striking peak
3 residual oscillations region
Figure 1 — Typical force-time signal during the impact test
3.4
maximum force within the residual oscillations
F
r,max
maximum force – intended as absolute value – present in the residual oscillations, excluding the striking
peak
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
3.5
maximum force in the unloaded state
F
u,max
maximum absolute force value in the unloaded region
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
3.6
natural oscillation spectrum
frequency spectrum obtained as a result of a Fast Fourier Transform Analysis of the residual oscillations
region, normalized to the largest amplitude present
3.7
frequency
f
frequency of a relevant peak in the natural frequency spectrum
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilohertz (kHz).
3.8
normalized intensity of the frequency
I
normalized intensity of frequency peak in the natural oscillation spectrum
3.9
lowest relevant frequency
f
low
frequency of the first relevant peak in the natural oscillation spectrum
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilohertz (kHz).
3.10
event time
t
e
time from the start point of the force-time curve without unloaded region to the point of the relevant
event to be measured
Note 1 to entry: The relevant event is either the yield point, or the break point or any other defined point.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in milliseconds (ms).
3.11
threshold number of waves in the event
w
N,th
minimum number of waves of the relevant lowest frequency within the event time
3.12
gripping distance
L
initial length of the part of the specimen between the grips
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
3.13
grip displacement
ΔL
displacement of the grip pulled to tensile direction of specimens from the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm).
Note 2 to entry: Most of the loading mechanics of the high-speed tensile test device have the one side pulled and
the other end fixed, as shown in Annex A.
3.14
nominal strain
ε
t
grip displacement divided by the initial gripping distance
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or as a percentage (%).
3.15
nominal test speed
v
rate of separation of the gripping jaws
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres per second (m/s).
3.16
maximum force
F
max
maximum force observed in the whole force-time curve during the high-speed tensile test
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
3.17
maximum amplitude of oscillations
ΔF
a,max
largest peak-to-peak amplitude of oscillations, observed over a small portion of the curve during the
high-speed tensile test, ignoring single spikes of electronic noise
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in Newtons (N).
Key
X
time (ms )
Y force (N)
1 event time (ms)
t
e
2 maximum force (N)
F
max
3 maximum amplitude of oscillations (N)
ΔF
am, ax
Figure 2 — Typical force-time curve during tensile test at high speed
4 Principle
The principle of this document is based on the following two acceptance criteria:
1) The measurement of the natural oscillations of grip and force transducer configuration (see 6.1)
The natural oscillation frequencies of the force transducer and grip arrangement in the testing
instrument are measured after a defined impact. These frequencies are analysed by means of a Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) and presented by their intensity over the relevant frequency range. The
highest intensity observed is used to calculate a normalized intensity. The lowest frequency of a
relevant normalized intensity will be used to establish the validation criterion.
2) The maximum allowed intensity (see 6.2)
The intensity of oscillations superimposed on the force – time curve is calculated by the ratio between
the oscillation amplitude and the maximum force observed during the test.
5 Measurement of the natural oscillation spectrum of the grip and force
transducer configuration
5.1 Measurement of natural oscillation frequencies
5.1.1 Set-up of the high-speed tensile equipment
The force transducer and the grip shall be well tightened and installed according to the equipment
manufacturer’s advice. If the jaw faces of the grips cannot be tightened without clamping a test
specimen, as it may be the case when using wedge-type grips, use a small part of a rigid test specimen
to ensure the jaw faces to be in a fixed and tightened situation.
5.1.2 Set-up of the striker
Use the striker capable of creating a defined single centric impact to the grip in the direction of the
machine axis. It is recommended to use a tool that allows variation of the impact intensity and to adjust
the striking position.
NOTE 1 A typical device of the striker and its striking position is shown in Annex B.
The mass and the impact speed of the striker shall be such to ensure that the maximum force within the
residual oscillations F is higher than 10 % of the full-scale value of the selected force measurement
rm, ax
range and greater than 200 N.
NOTE 2 Preliminary tests to achieve these conditions are detailed in 5.1.3.
The impact force shall not exceed the capacity of the force transducer.
The direction of stroke shall coincide with the machine axis and be centric to it to within ±5 mm.
If it is not possible to create a centric impact due to the design of the grip, perform the impact at the
closest possible position providing the least lateral oscillations and report the striking position with
the results.
NOTE 3 Influence of the striking position on the natural oscillation spectrum is shown in Annex C.
5.1.3 Measurement procedure
Carry out preliminary impacts to adjust the impact speed of the striker in a way to ensure that the
maximum force within the residual oscillations F :
rm, ax
— is higher than 10 % of the full-scale value of the selected force measurement range;
— is at least 200 N;
— is at least 3 times higher than the maximum force in the unloaded state F .
um, ax
Adjust the zero-point of the force measurement system.
Adjust the sampling rate in such way to be at least twice the natural oscillation frequency to be analysed.
A minimum sampling rate of 100 kHz is recommended.
Select the suitable range of the amplifier.
Measure the force resulting from the natural frequency oscillation over a time between 5 ms and 12 ms,
in order to have enough measurement points for the FFT evaluation.
Perform three measurement strikes in accordance with the defined conditions and record the force-
time data in the unloaded state and after the impact for each impact.
Note the amplifier range, the cut-off frequency and the data acquisition frequency being used.
Determine F and F , and ensure that the required relationship is achieved.
rm, ax um, ax
5.2 Determination of the natural oscillation spectrum
Use FFT to acquire the amplitude spectrum from the force-time curve acquired from the impact test.
Determine the length of the time-window to be used in the calculations of FFT.
In the case of acquiring the amplitude spectrum, data from 1,5 cycles after the force peak during impact
test shall be used.
Select the appropriate window function and record the window function used.
Compare the frequency spectra obtained from the three measurements and check if the peaks occur
at about the same frequencies and with similar intensities. If not, check for any loose parts and for the
correct introduction of the impact strike and repeat the measurement.
The natural oscillation spectrum shall be plotted as the normalized intensity of the amplitude spectrum
as a function of the frequency (see Figure 3). The spectrum to be reported is an average value, obtained
from the spectrum results of each impact test.
Select the lowest frequency in the natural oscillation spectrum showing a normalized intensity of 50 %
or more. This is the lowest relevant frequency f which is to be used for the validation (see Figure 3).
low
NOTE Annex B indicates example of measurements of the natural oscillation spectrum of a testing machine.
Key
X frequency (kHz)
Y normalized intensity (%)
1 normalized intensity of 50 %
lowest relevant frequency ( f ), expressed in kilohertz (kHz)
low
Figure 3 — Typical natural oscillation spectrum of the impact test
...