ISO/IEC 23009-9:2025
(Main)Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 9: Redundant encoding and packaging for segmented live media (REaP)
Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 9: Redundant encoding and packaging for segmented live media (REaP)
This document specifies formats for redundant encoding and packaging of live segmented media (REaP). This document specifies: a) formats for Interchangeable Live Media Ingest and stream announcement; b) format and segmentation strategy to generate interchangeable segments; c) formats for generating interchangeable media presentation descriptions or playlists; d) formats for efficient cloud storage access and archiving of live segmented media. e) a protocol for communicating media descriptor files and fragmented media between encoders and packagers. REaP enables the following: 1) failover support and rejoining of distributed components in the workflow (see Annex E); 2) workflows for live with dynamic ad insertion (DAI) with a decisioning system. 3) workflows with digital rights management (DRM) and content protection. 4) Mixing file and live inputs. This document specifies additional constraint to formats defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 23009-1, ISO/IEC 23000-19 and IETF RFC 8216.
Technologies de l'information — Diffusion adaptative dynamique sur HTTP (DASH) — Partie 9: Encodage et empaquetage redondant des segments médias en direct (REaP)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC 23009-9
First edition
Information technology — Dynamic
2025-05
adaptive streaming over HTTP
(DASH) —
Part 9:
Redundant encoding and packaging
for segmented live media (REaP)
Technologies de l'information — Diffusion adaptative dynamique
sur HTTP (DASH) —
Partie 9: Encodage et empaquetage redondant des segments
médias en direct (REaP)
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms.2
3.2 Abbreviated terms .3
4 Overview . 4
5 Reference workflow for redundant encoding and packaging (REaP) . 4
5.1 Reference workflow for REaP .4
5.2 REaP assumptions .5
5.3 General workflow and operation .6
6 Formats for Redundant distribution Encoding . 7
6.1 Constraints on the Ingest Media Presentation Description (I-MPD) .7
6.2 Constraints on the redundant encoder track and segment format .8
6.2.1 Mixed file and live inputs to the encoder . .10
7 Constraints on encoder requests to packager . 10
8 Formats for redundant media presentation packaging .12
8.1 General requirements on redundant packager input . 12
8.2 General requirements on the redundant packager output format(s) . 12
8.3 Specific requirements on the redundant packager D-MPD output format . 12
8.4 Specific requirements on the redundant packager HLS output format . 13
8.5 General requirements on the origin output format . 13
9 Asset storage and recording format .13
9.1 General . 13
9.2 Track format for storage of live archives .14
9.2.1 Storage track file .14
9.2.2 Storage track identifiers .14
9.3 Storage media presentation description (S-MPD) . 15
9.3.1 Overview . 15
9.3.2 Constraints on the S-MPD for 24x7 live archiving and recording .16
9.3.3 Constraint on the S-MPD for recording 24x7 live content .16
Annex A (informative) Example media presentation description . 17
Annex B (informative) Recommended segment durations for encoder synchronization.24
Annex C (informative) Example applications .25
Annex D (informative) Example methods of carriage of source timing .26
Annex E (informative) Synchronization Time Stamp (STS) usage .27
Annex F (Informative) Example method for redundant encoder tracks generation .28
Annex G (informative) Example method for generating a recording S-MPD from an I MPD .30
Annex H (informative) Exchanging synchronization information between distribution encoders .31
Bibliography .32
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23009 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
This document specifies a reference architecture for redundant encoding and packaging of segmented
live media.
In addition, it specifies format constraints to enable encoding and packaging of interchangeable media
segments and media presentation descriptions.
This document also specifies formats for 24x7 live recording and archiving of segmented live media.
Listed examples in this document are also available at https://standards.iso.org/iso-iec/23009/-9/ed-1/en/ .
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
v
International Standard ISO/IEC 23009-9:2025(en)
Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over
HTTP (DASH) —
Part 9:
Redundant encoding and packaging for segmented live
media (REaP)
1 Scope
This document specifies formats for redundant encoding and packaging of live segmented media (REaP).
This document specifies:
a) formats for Interchangeable Live Media Ingest and stream announcement;
b) format and segmentation strategy to generate interchangeable segments;
c) formats for generating interchangeable media presentation descriptions or playlists;
d) formats for efficient cloud storage access and archiving of live segmented media.
e) a protocol for communicating media descriptor files and fragmented media between encoders and
packagers.
REaP enables the following:
1) failover support and rejoining of distributed components in the workflow (see Annex E);
2) workflows for live with dynamic ad insertion (DAI) with a decisioning system.
3) workflows with digital rights management (DRM) and content protection.
4) Mixing file and live inputs.
This document specifies additional constraint to formats defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 23009-1,
ISO/IEC 23000-19 and IETF RFC 8216.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 14496-12, Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file format
ISO/IEC 23009-1, Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media
presentation description and segment formats
ISO/IEC 23000-19, Information technology — Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) — Part 19: Common
media application format (CMAF) for segmented media
IETF RFC 8216, HTTP Live Streaming
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 23009-1,
ISO/IEC 23000-19 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms
3.1.1
media presentation
CMAF presentation, DASH Media Presentation description, or multi variant HTTP master playlist
3.1.2
distribution encoder
entity or computational unit used to encode or transcode an input to one or more ISO BMFF tracks
3.1.3
packager
entity or computational unit used to package an input to a Media Presentation
3.1.4
ingest session
transmission of rela
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.