ISO/TR 13571-2:2016

Life-threatening components of fire — Part 2: Methodology and examples of tenability assessment

ISO/TR 13571-2:2016 describes the practical application of ISO 13571 as a tool to evaluate effects of fire effluents on people. The method of application, performance criteria and evaluation of the impact are explained and illustrated by two families of examples: application to real-scale tests (Annex A and Annex B) and application to Fire Safety Engineering (Annex C, D and E).

Composants dangereux du feu — Partie 2: Méthodologie et exemples d'analyse de tenabilité

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Jul-2016
• ICS: 13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 3 - Fire threat to people and environment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 3/WG 5 - Prediction of toxic effects of fire effluents
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 13571-2
First edition
2016-07-01
Life-threatening components of fire —
Part 2:
Methodology and examples of
tenability assessment
Composants dangereux du feu —
Partie 2: Méthodologie et exemples d’analyse de tenabilité
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Performance criteria . 3
6 Evaluation of the impact . 3
6.1 Effects of fire on people . 3
6.2 Models for toxic impact . 3
6.3 Models for thermal impact . 4
6.3.1 Radiant flux exposure model . 4
6.3.2 Temperature exposure model . 4
6.3.3 Dose calculation model . 4
7 Examples of application . 4
Annex A (informative) Example of application to real-scale fire scenarios - FED and ASET
calculations for fire experiments conducted in a full-scale test house under two
basement fire scenarios . 6
Annex B (informative) Example of application to real-scale fire scenarios - FED calculations
for fire experiments conducted in a full-scale test of single sleeping rooms .20
Annex C (informative) Methodology for application of ISO 13571 in Fire Safety
Engineering approach .41
Annex D (informative) Example of application to Fire Safety Engineering–Case Nr 1 – hotel
room and corridor .51
Annex E (informative) Example of application to Fire Safety Engineering – Case Nr 2
– restaurant .64
Annex F (informative) Determination of data for matrix .81
Bibliography .84
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92 Fire Safety, Subcommittee 3, Fire threat to
people and environment.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Tenability of people in case of fire is an essential safety objective of regulations. Reasons that could lead
to compromised tenability conditions are loss of visibility, thermal and toxic effects. ISO 13571 is a tool
that has been developed to quantify the performance level related to these criteria in case of a fire.
This document presents application cases of ISO 13571. It is structured as follows:
— Clause 4 explains the principle of the application;
— Clause 5 presents the selection of performance criteria;
— Clause 6 presents the evaluation of the impact of fire to people according to ISO 13571;
— Clause 7 introduces the examples detailed in Annexes A, B, D and E.
Examples of application are presented in annexes. The first case of application concerns comparison
of tenability in real-scale fire tests (Annex A and Annex B). The second case presents the methodology
(Annex C) and two example cases (Annex D and Annex E) for application of ISO 13571 as performance
criteria in Fire Safety Engineering studies according to ISO 23932. Annex F presents information on
experimental production of input data.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13571-2:2016(E)
Life-threatening components of fire —
Part 2:
Methodology and examples of tenability assessment
1 Scope
This document describes the practical application of ISO 13571 as a tool to evaluate effects of fire
effluents on people. The method of application, performance criteria and evaluation of the impact are
explained and illustrated by two families of examples: application to real-scale tests (Annex A and
Annex B) and application to Fire Safety Engineering (Annex C, D and E).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and ISO 13571
apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Principle
Smoke toxicity, to a certain degree, is not a material property. Depending on the environment,
availability of oxygen, thermal attack, flow conditions and surface areas available for combustion, the
chemistry of the combustion of a given material can proceed along various routes and produce species
[1][2][3]
in very different quantities. It is then a systemic parameter, which need a systemic approach, as
stated in ISO 19706.
It is also appropriate to keep the following points in mind:
— The production rates of various gaseous species change according to the combustion regime. In
particular the influential parameters (not exhaustive) are:
— Fuel nature
— Oxygen availability
— Temperature
— Flows received and lost
— The species produced by the combustion are carried away from the initial fire source, and their
effect is related to:
— Sensitivity and activity of people
— Concentrations (instantaneous)
— Exposure times (accumulation)
Furthermore, the thermal effects related to the heat of the gases and smoke produced, along with the
radiant fluxes, which they emit, play a role in the safety of people who are evacuating.
For a given design fire, it is therefore necessary to determine one or more exposure scenarios, which
will make it possible to answer questions about the effects on people according to:
— The fire source and its development;
— The species produced by this fire source and their movement away from the original fire source;
— The evacuation of the people, their path and the toxic and thermal elements to which they are subject
as a function of time.
Finally, it is useful to recall that toxic hazard in enclosures is mainly caused by the combustion of the
contents and furnishings in the enclosure rather than the enclosure itself in the early phases of a fire.
Furthermore, changes in regulations can lead to better insulation of the rooms, modification of the
ventilation, and resistance of windows to bursting, all of which notably change the conditions for the
accumulation of thermal energy and the generation of toxic species.
The following are the objectives of the application of ISO 13571:
— Assess effects of fire on people as a principal criterion for performance evaluation in Fire Safety
Engineering studies, or in comparison of real-scale fire tests,
— Involve realistic fire sources in terms of:
— Kinetics
— Species produced, in particular by including data concerning the toxic species related to the
burning of the contents and furnishings in building fires
— Be able to process all the materials present and not just certain ones
— Consider all potential toxic species, not only CO, as is often seen in practice
— Consider the aspects of production kinetics, movement of gases, and availability of oxygen
— Be able to process several scenarios and their possible variations:
— “Typical” materials/”risky” materials
— Risk in the room of fire origin room and outside the room of origin
— Different fire regimes (smouldering, well ventilated, post-flashover)
— Evacuation plans
— Consider the various risks for people and the associated sanction criteria as a function of thermal
and toxic effects, both instantaneous and by accumulation.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

5 Performance criteria
The selection of criteria to consider is conducted in early phases of a project, before any detailed study.
These criteria will make it possible to determine whether a given exposure scenario (i.e. a fire scenario
combined with an evacuation scenario) is a success or failure. This concept depends above all on the
susceptibility of the people to the fire effluent. In the application of ISO 13571, the objective that a
person could realize his/her own evacuation without any assistance.
In fact, each person is different and according to their constitution, age, gender, possible underlying
conditions, etc. the FEC and FED which they can endure before being incapacitated varies. There is,
however, no feedback from experience which c
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