ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021

Information technology — Extensible biometric data interchange formats — Part 16: Full body image data

This document is intended to provide a generic extensible full body image data format for biometric recognition applications requiring exchange of human full body image data. Typical applications are: a) automated body biometric verification and identification of an unknown individual or cadaver (one-to-one as well as one-to-many comparison); b) support for human verification of identity by comparison of individuals against full body images; and c) support for human examination of full body images with sufficient resolution to allow a human examiner to verify identity or identify a living individual or a cadaver. This document ensures that full human body images and image sequence data generated by video surveillance and other similar systems are suitable for identification and verification. The structure of the data format in this document is compatible with ISO/IEC 39794-5. In addition to the data format, this document specifies application-specific profiles including scene constraints, photographic properties and digital image attributes like image spatial sampling rate, image size, etc. These application profiles are contained in a series of annexes. The 3D encoding types "3D point map" and "range image" are not supported by this document.

Titre manque — Partie 16: Titre manque

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2021
• ICS: 35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 - Biometrics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37/WG 3 - Biometric data interchange formats
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 15-Jun-2021
• Due Date: 08-Aug-2021
• Completion Date: 15-Jun-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 39794-16
First edition
2021-06
Information technology — Extensible
biometric data interchange formats —
Part 16:
Full body image data
Reference number
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms .10
5 Conformance .13
6 Modality specific information .13
6.1 Purpose .13
6.2 Digital image encoding .14
6.3 Photographic requirements and recommendations for white light imaging .14
6.3.1 General.14
6.3.2 Contrast and saturation .14
6.3.3 Focus and depth of field .15
6.3.4 Greyscale density .15
6.3.5 Colour .15
6.3.6 Radial distortion of the camera lens .15
6.4 Digital requirements and recommendations for images .16
6.4.1 General.16
6.4.2 Geometry .16
6.4.3 Colour .16
6.4.4 Formatting requirements and recommendations .16
6.5 Recommendations for full body image data systems .16
6.5.1 General.16
6.5.2 Architecture .17
6.5.3 Usability and accessibility .17
6.5.4 Practical applications .17
6.6 Full body imaging technical requirements .18
6.6.1 General.18
6.6.2 Optical distortion . .18
6.6.3 Colour fidelity .18
6.6.4 Example full body photographs .19
6.7 Full body photography session .21
6.7.1 General.21
6.7.2 Typical workflow for full body photography session .21
6.7.3 Full body photograph content requirements .22
6.8 Photo studio recommendations for full body photography .22
6.8.1 General.22
6.8.2 Recommended camera orientation and margins .23
6.8.3 Recommended positioning and distance between camera and subject .23
6.8.4 Recommended focusing settings .24
6.8.5 Recommended white balance settings for white light imaging.24
6.8.6 Recommended backdrop design .24
6.8.7 Example configurations for a photo studio .25
6.8.8 Basic fidelity image test for white light imaging .26
6.9 Non-white light or multispectral imaging .27
6.9.1 General.27
6.9.2 Infrared imaging . . .28
6.9.3 Ultraviolet imaging .29
6.10 Submillimetre imaging .29
6.11 Imaging use cases .30
6.11.1 General.30
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

6.11.2 Imaging system baseline use cases .30
7 Abstract data elements .32
7.1 Overview .32
7.1.1 Content and notation .32
7.1.2 Body tree concept .33
7.1.3 Anthropometric data models .36
7.1.4 Structure overview .36
7.1.5 Data conventions .38
7.2 Body image data block .38
7.3 Version block .39
7.4 Representation block .39
7.5 Representation ID.39
7.6 Capture date/time block . .39
7.7 Quality blocks .39
7.8 PAD data block.40
7.9 Session identifier.40
7.10 Derived from .40
7.11 Capture device block .40
7.12 Model identifier block .40
7.13 Certification identifier block .40
7.14 Body part number .41
7.15 Pose angle block .42
7.15.1 Yaw angle, Y .44
7.15.2 Pitch angle, P .44
7.15.3 Roll angle, R .44
7.16 Angle data block .44
7.17 Angle value .44
7.18 Angle uncertainty .44
7.19 Landmark blocks .45
7.20 Landmark kind .45
7.21 MPEG-4 feature point .45
7.22 Eye and nostril centre landmark point .45
7.23 Anthropometric landmark for face and body .45
7.23.1 Anthropometric landmark for face .45
7.23.2 CAESAR anthropometric 3D landmark point .46
7.23.3 MPEG-4 body point .49
7.24 Landmark coordinates block .50
7.25 Image representation block .50
7.26 2D image representation block .51
7.27 2D representation data .51
7.28 2D capture device block .51
7.29 Capture wavelength range block .51
7.30 Capture device technology.53
7.31 2D image information block .54
7.32 2D image kind .54
7.33 Post acquisition processing .55
7.34 Lossy transformation attempts .56
7.35 Image data format .56
7.36 Camera to subject distance (CSD) .57
7.37 Sensor diagonal .57
7.38 Lens focal length .57
7.39 Image size block .57
7.40 Image width .57
7.41 Image height .57
7.42 Sampling rate block .57
7.43 Spatial sampling rate .58
7.44 Temporal sampling rate .58
7.45 Image colour space .58
iv © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

7.46 Reference colour mapping block .58
7.47 Reference colour schema .59
7.48 Reference colour definition and value block .59
7.49 JPEG EXIF .59
7.50 Forensic findings block .60
7.50.1 Forensic observations .60
7.50.2 Link to reports .60
7.50.3 Dynamic range low .60
7.50.4 Dynamic range high . . .61
7.50.5 Dynamic range notes .61
7.50.6 Colour fidelity CIELAB a* .61
7.50.7 Colour fidelity CIELAB b* .61
7.50.8 Colour fidelity notes . .62
7.50.9 Image sharpness .62
7.50.10 Image sharpness notes .62
7.51 3D shape representation block .62
8 Encoding .62
8.1 Data encoding models.62
8.2 Tagged binary encoding .65
9 Registered BDB format identifiers .66
Annex A (normative) Formal definitions .67
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples .81
Annex C (normative) Conformance testing methodology .96
Annex D (informative) Application profiles .105
Annex E (informative) Image acquisition measurements .111
Bibliography .137
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives or www .iec .ch/ members
_experts/ refdocs).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html. In the IEC, see www .iec .ch/ understanding -standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 39794 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html and www .iec .ch/ national
-committees.
The purchase of this ISO/IEC document carries a copyright licence for the purchaser to use ISO/IEC
copyright in the schemas in the annexes to this document for the purpose of developing, implementing,
installing and using software based on those schemas, subject to ISO/IEC licensing conditions set out in
the schemas.
vi © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Introduction
Most countries around the world use biometric recognition systems for law enforcement and border
control. Many of these systems are not limited to face recognition purposes. To be consistent in such
deployments and processes, technical documents, guidelines and best practice recommendations
are being developed by different groups. These documents are primarily focused on the issuance
and use of identity documents and related border control systems, and the technical and operational
issues to be considered when planning and deploying them. "Face" is the biometric mode most suited
to the practicalities of travel do
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 39794-16
First edition
2021-06
Information technology — Extensible
biometric data interchange formats —
Part 16:
Full body image data
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms .10
5 Conformance .13
6 Modality specific information .13
6.1 Purpose .13
6.2 Digital image encoding .13
6.3 Photographic requirements and recommendations for white light imaging .14
6.3.1 General.14
6.3.2 Contrast and saturation .14
6.3.3 Focus and depth of field .14
6.3.4 Greyscale density .15
6.3.5 Colour .15
6.3.6 Radial distortion of the camera lens .15
6.4 Digital requirements and recommendations for images .15
6.4.1 General.15
6.4.2 Geometry .15
6.4.3 Colour .16
6.4.4 Formatting requirements and recommendations .16
6.5 Recommendations for full body image data systems .16
6.5.1 General.16
6.5.2 Architecture .16
6.5.3 Usability and accessibility .17
6.5.4 Practical applications .17
6.6 Full body imaging technical requirements .18
6.6.1 General.18
6.6.2 Optical distortion . .18
6.6.3 Colour fidelity .18
6.6.4 Example full body photographs .19
6.7 Full body photography session .20
6.7.1 General.20
6.7.2 Typical workflow for full body photography session .20
6.7.3 Full body photograph content requirements .21
6.8 Photo studio recommendations for full body photography .21
6.8.1 General.21
6.8.2 Recommended camera orientation and margins .21
6.8.3 Recommended positioning and distance between camera and subject .22
6.8.4 Recommended focusing settings .23
6.8.5 Recommended white balance settings for white light imaging.23
6.8.6 Recommended backdrop design .23
6.8.7 Example configurations for a photo studio .24
6.8.8 Basic fidelity image test for white light imaging .25
6.9 Non-white light or multispectral imaging .26
6.9.1 General.26
6.9.2 Infrared imaging . . .27
6.9.3 Ultraviolet imaging .28
6.10 Submillimetre imaging .28
6.11 Imaging use cases .29
6.11.1 General.29
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

6.11.2 Imaging system baseline use cases .29
7 Abstract data elements .31
7.1 Overview .31
7.1.1 Content and notation .31
7.1.2 Body tree concept .32
7.1.3 Anthropometric data models .34
7.1.4 Structure overview .35
7.1.5 Data conventions .37
7.2 Body image data block .37
7.3 Version block .38
7.4 Representation block .38
7.5 Representation ID.38
7.6 Capture date/time block . .38
7.7 Quality blocks .38
7.8 PAD data block.39
7.9 Session identifier.39
7.10 Derived from .39
7.11 Capture device block .39
7.12 Model identifier block .39
7.13 Certification identifier block .39
7.14 Body part number .40
7.15 Pose angle block .41
7.15.1 Yaw angle, Y .43
7.15.2 Pitch angle, P .43
7.15.3 Roll angle, R .43
7.16 Angle data block .43
7.17 Angle value .43
7.18 Angle uncertainty .43
7.19 Landmark blocks .44
7.20 Landmark kind .44
7.21 MPEG-4 feature point .44
7.22 Eye and nostril centre landmark point .44
7.23 Anthropometric landmark for face and body .44
7.23.1 Anthropometric landmark for face .44
7.23.2 CAESAR anthropometric 3D landmark point .45
7.23.3 MPEG-4 body point .48
7.24 Landmark coordinates block .49
7.25 Image representation block .49
7.26 2D image representation block .50
7.27 2D representation data .50
7.28 2D capture device block .50
7.29 Capture wavelength range block .50
7.30 Capture device technology.52
7.31 2D image information block .53
7.32 2D image kind .53
7.33 Post acquisition processing .54
7.34 Lossy transformation attempts .55
7.35 Image data format .55
7.36 Camera to subject distance (CSD) .56
7.37 Sensor diagonal .56
7.38 Lens focal length .56
7.39 Image size block .56
7.40 Image width .56
7.41 Image height .56
7.42 Sampling rate block .56
7.43 Spatial sampling rate .57
7.44 Temporal sampling rate .57
7.45 Image colour space .57
iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

7.46 Reference colour mapping block .57
7.47 Reference colour schema .58
7.48 Reference colour definition and value block .58
7.49 JPEG EXIF .58
7.50 Forensic findings block .59
7.50.1 Forensic observations .59
7.50.2 Link to reports .59
7.50.3 Dynamic range low .59
7.50.4 Dynamic range high . . .60
7.50.5 Dynamic range notes .60
7.50.6 Colour fidelity CIELAB a* .60
7.50.7 Colour fidelity CIELAB b* .60
7.50.8 Colour fidelity notes . .61
7.50.9 Image sharpness .61
7.50.10 Image sharpness notes .61
7.51 3D shape representation block .61
8 Encoding .61
8.1 Data encoding models.61
8.2 Tagged binary encoding .64
9 Registered BDB format identifiers .65
Annex A (normative) Formal definitions .66
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples .80
Annex C (normative) Conformance testing methodology .95
Annex D (informative) Application profiles .104
Annex E (informative) Image acquisition measurements .110
Bibliography .136
© ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document shall be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 39794 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
The purchase of this ISO/IEC document carries a copyright licence for the purchaser to use ISO/IEC
copyright in the schemas in the annexes to this document for the purpose of developing, implementing,
installing and using software based on those schemas, subject to ISO/IEC licensing conditions set out in
the schemas.
vi PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO/IEC 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 39794-16:2021(E)

Introduction
Most countries around the world use biometric recognition systems for law enforcement and border
control. Many of these systems are not limited to face recognition purposes. To be consistent in such
deployments and processes, technical documents, guidelines and best practice recommendations
are being developed by different groups. These documents are primarily focused on the issuance
and use of identity documents and related border control systems, and the technical and operational
issues to be considered when planning and deploying them. "Face" is the biometric mode most suited
to the practicalities of travel documents and automated border processing. "Full body" is a b
...