ISO 5940-1:2019
(Main)Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium — Pitch for electrodes — Part 1: Determination of softening point by the ring-and-ball method
Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium — Pitch for electrodes — Part 1: Determination of softening point by the ring-and-ball method
This document specifies the ring-and-ball method, a method of using the ring-and-ball apparatus for the determination of the softening point (softening temperature) of pitch used in the production of aluminium. The method is applicable to pitches having softening points equal to or greater than 30 °C.
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Brai pour électrodes — Partie 1: Détermination du point de ramollissement par la méthode bille et anneau
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5940-1
First edition
2019-10
Carbonaceous materials for the
production of aluminium — Pitch for
electrodes —
Part 1:
Determination of softening point by
the ring-and-ball method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Brai
pour électrodes —
Partie 1: Détermination du point de ramollissement par la méthode
bille et anneau
Reference number
ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Procedure. 3
7.1 Preparation of test portion . 3
7.2 Preparation of the apparatus . 3
7.3 Determination . 3
8 Expression of results . 3
8.1 Method of calculation . 3
8.2 Precision . 4
9 Test report . 4
Annex A (normative) Thermionic devices for temperature sensing and output .5
Annex B (normative) Melting of pitch samples . 6
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of
primary aluminium.
This first edition of ISO 5940-1 cancels and replaces ISO 5940:1981, which has been technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— 5.1.6 has changed to 6.1.2 which has been modified so that mercury thermometers are no longer
required.
— Annex A has been modified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 5940 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
Carbonaceous materials for the production of
aluminium — Pitch for electrodes —
Part 1:
Determination of softening point by the ring-and-ball
method
1 Scope
This document specifies the ring-and-ball method, a method of using the ring-and-ball apparatus for
the determination of the softening point (softening temperature) of pitch used in the production of
aluminium.
The method is applicable to pitches having softening points equal to or greater than 30 °C.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6257, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Pitch for electrodes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
Prepare a disc-shaped test piece by moulding a test portion in a ring, fitting the prepared ring into a
heated bath and placing a steel ball on the upper surface of the test piece.
Determine the temperature at which the test piece, on heating at a prescribed rate, softens sufficiently
to sag to a specified depth under the mass of the ball.
This temperature corresponds to the softening point (softening temperature).
5 Reagents
During the analysis, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and distilled water, or water of
equivalent purity, freshly boiled and cooled.
5.1 Glycerol, for use with pitches having softening points greater than 85 °C.
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ISO 5940-1:2019(E)
5.2 Water, for use with pitches having softening points in the range 30 °C to 85 °C.
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and
6.1 Ring-and-ball apparatus (see Figure B.1 for assembled apparatus), comprising:
6.1.1 Rings, brass, tapered (see Figure B.2), having the dimensions:
— depth: 6,4 mm ± 0,1 mm;
— internal diameter at bottom: 15,9 mm ± 0,1 mm;
— internal diameter at top: 17,5 mm ± 0,1 mm;
— external diameter above shoulder: 20,6 mm
...
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