ISO 15379-1:2019

Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium — Cathode block materials — Part 1: Determination of the expansion due to sodium penetration with application of pressure

This document specifies a method that covers the determination of linear expansion under external pressure due to sodium penetration in cathode-block materials used in the production of aluminium. The linear expansion of the blocks depends on the sampling direction due to anisotropy.

Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Blocs cathodiques — Partie 1: Détermination de l'expansion due à la pénétration du sodium avec application de pression

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Dec-2019
• ICS: 71.100.10 - Materials for aluminium production
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 226 - Materials for the production of primary aluminium
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 226/WG 2 - Cathodes and ramming paste
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 04-Dec-2019
• Due Date: 22-May-2020
• Completion Date: 04-Dec-2019

Relations

• Revises: ISO 15379-1:2015 - Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium — Cathode block materials — Part 1: Determination of the expansion due to sodium penetration with application of pressure
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15379-1
Third edition
2019-12
Carbonaceous materials for the
production of aluminium — Cathode
block materials —
Part 1:
Determination of the expansion due to
sodium penetration with application
of pressure
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Blocs
cathodiques —
Partie 1: Détermination de l'expansion due à la pénétration du
sodium avec application de pression
Reference number
ISO 15379-1:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019

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ISO 15379-1:2019(E)

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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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ISO 15379-1:2019(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Reagents . 3
7 Samples . 3
8 Procedure. 3
9 Results . 4
9.1 Calculation . 4
9.2 Precision . 4
10 Test report . 4
Bibliography . 6
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 15379-1:2019(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of
primary aluminium.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15379-1:2015), which has been
technically revised. The main changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— ASTM E 220 has been removed from Clause 2 and 5.3;
— minor changes have been made in 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5;
— Clause 10 has been aligned with test reports in other ISO/TC 226 standards.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15379 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

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ISO 15379-1:2019(E)

Introduction
Expansion due to sodium penetration is an important property of carbon cathode blocks. As soon as
alumina electrolysis starts, sodium penetrates into the carbon cathode blocks causing swelling of these
blocks. This increase in volume creates mechanical stresses within the blocks and/or bulging of the
bottom block plate. This can lead to cracks through which liquid aluminium and/or liquid electrolyte
can flow, reaching the thermal insulation beneath the blocks and destroying these ceramic materials.
In such cases, the electrolysis cell has to be relined, resulting in loss of aluminium production and high
expenses. Therefore, cathode blocks produced with materials allowing only low sodium penetration
and with the lowest possible expansion due to sodium penetration are preferred.
The study can be supplemented by measuring electrical resistivity (see ISO 11713) before and after
the test.
Due to thermal and sodium expansion when heating up the cathode blocks in the electrolysis cells to
operational temperature, the block will be subject to pressure from the steel shell; therefore, in the
present method, 5 MPa is chosen as a realistic maximum pressure.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15379-1:2019(E)
Carbonaceous materials for the production of
aluminium — Cathode block materials —
Part 1:
Determination of the expansion due to sodium penetration
with application of pressure
1 Scope
This document specifies a method that covers the determination of linear expansion under external
pressure due to sodium penetration in cathode-block materials used in the production of aluminium.
The linear expansion of the blocks depends on the sampling direction due to anisotropy.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8007-1, Ca
...