ISO/TS 22762-4:2019

Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators - Part 4: Guidance on the application of ISO 22762-3

This document provides guidance on ISO 22762-3:2018. It includes examples of design calculations, and provides data on the characteristics obtained from all types of elastomeric isolators.

Appareils d'appuis structuraux en élastomère pour protection sismique — Partie 4: Lignes directrices pour l'application de l'ISO 22762-3

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Jan-2019
• ICS: 83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
• ICS: 91.120.25 - Seismic and vibration protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 45/SC 4 - Products (other than hoses)
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 45/SC 4/WG 9 - Elastomeric isolators
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 10-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/TS 22762-4:2014 - Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators - Part 4: Guidance on the application of ISO 22762-3
• Effective Date: 03-Mar-2018

Overview

ISO/TS 22762-4:2019 - "Elastomeric seismic‑protection isolators - Part 4: Guidance on the application of ISO 22762‑3" is a Technical Specification published by ISO that provides practical guidance for applying ISO 22762‑3:2018 (applications for buildings). It supplements the specifications in Part 3 by supplying worked examples, scaled test-piece illustrations, design‑calculation guidance and measured characteristic data for all types of elastomeric isolators used in seismic isolation.

Key topics

• Guidance scope and structure - Explanatory guidance mapped to Clauses 4–11 of ISO 22762‑3, with substantive detail for Clauses 6 and 7 (testing, performance and stiffness).
• Type and routine tests - Examples of scaled test pieces (scales A and B), acceptable dimensional tolerances (±5 %), and recommended numbers of test pieces per property (commonly 3; durability tests example uses 2).
• Performance requirements - Worked examples for compressive, shear and tensile properties (HDR, LNR, LRB types are addressed). Includes example test conditions (cycle counts, strain amplitudes, frequency correction methods) and post‑test result processing guidance.
• Dependencies and capacities - Guidance on shear‑strain dependency, compressive stress dependency, shear displacement capacity and durability assessment.
• Design parameters - Recommendations for specifying design compressive force and nominal stress (σnom), including guidance that σnom be less than 30 % of critical stress and generally ≤ 15 MPa, and verification of compressive‑stress dependency.
• Compressive stiffness - Practical examples for computing compressive stiffness for different isolator types and for laboratory reference temperatures (note: second edition changed reference temperature to 23 °C).

Applications

ISO/TS 22762‑4:2019 is intended for:

• Design engineers and structural specialists specifying elastomeric seismic isolators for buildings
• Testing laboratories and manufacturers performing type or routine tests and producing characteristic data
• Code authorities and reviewers assessing isolator selection, test evidence, and compliance with ISO 22762 series requirements Practical use cases include selecting isolator dimensions, scaling test specimens, interpreting shear/compressive test data, and documenting performance for building isolation systems.

Related standards

• ISO 22762‑3:2018 - Elastomeric seismic‑protection isolators - Part 3: Applications for buildings - Specifications (primary normative reference)
• ISO 22762‑1:2018 - Part 1: Test methods (test procedures referenced by Part 4)

Keywords: ISO/TS 22762-4:2019, elastomeric seismic-protection isolators, guidance, ISO 22762-3, shear properties, compressive properties, design compressive force, test methods, seismic isolators, durability.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 22762-4
Second edition
2019-01
Elastomeric seismic-protection
isolators —
Part 4:
Guidance on the application of
ISO 22762-3
Appareils d'appuis structuraux en élastomère pour protection
sismique —
Partie 4: Lignes directrices pour l'application de l'ISO 22762-3
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Guidance on the use of Clause 4 of ISO 22762-3:2018 . 1
5 Guidance on the use of Clause 5 of ISO 22762-3:2018 . 1
6 Guidance on the use of Clause 6 of ISO 22762-3:2018 . 1
6.1 General . 1
6.2 Type tests and routine tests. 1
6.3 Functional requirements . 3
6.4 Design compressive force and design shear displacement . 3
6.5 Performance requirements . 4
6.5.1 General. 4
6.5.2 Compressive properties . 4
6.5.3 Shear properties . 5
6.5.4 Tensile properties . 6
6.5.5 Dependencies of shear properties . 8
6.5.6 Dependencies of compressive properties .22
6.5.7 Shear displacement capacity .22
6.5.8 Durability .23
7 Guidance on the use of Clause 7 of ISO 22762-3:2018 .25
7.1 General .25
7.2 Compressive stiffness .25
7.2.1 In case of LNR .26
7.2.2 In case of HDR .27
7.2.3 In case of LRB .30
8 Guidance on the use of Clause 8 of ISO 22762-3:2018 .31
9 Guidance on the use of Clause 9 of ISO 22762-3:2018 .31
10 Guidance on the use of Clause 10 of ISO 22762-3:2018.31
11 Guidance on the use of Clause 11 of ISO 22762-3:2018.31
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products,
Subcommittee SC 4, Products (other than hoses).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 22762-4:2014), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the number of the pieces in Clause 6 has been amended;
— the temperature has been changed from 20 °C to 23 °C.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22762 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22762-4:2019(E)
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators —
Part 4:
Guidance on the application of ISO 22762-3
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on ISO 22762-3:2018. It includes examples of design calculations, and
provides data on the characteristics obtained from all types of elastomeric isolators.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22762-1:2018, Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 1: Test methods
ISO 22762-3:2018, Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 3: Applications for buildings —
Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22762-3:2018 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Guidance on the use of Clause 4 of ISO 22762-3:2018
No guidance is given.
5 Guidance on the use of Clause 5 of ISO 22762-3:2018
No guidance is given.
6 Guidance on the use of Clause 6 of ISO 22762-3:2018
6.1 General
Guidance is given for 6.2, 6.4, and 6.5.
6.2 Type tests and routine tests
An example of the scaled test pieces (scales A and B) for the type testing of the specific isolator size is
given as follows.
Dimensions and properties of target isolator (isolator-X) are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Dimensions and properties of isolator-X
Outer diameter, d (mm) 1 000
o
Inner diameter, d (mm) 25
i
Thickness of one rubber layer, t (mm) 6,7
r
Thickness of reinforcing steel plate, t (mm) 4,4
s
Number of rubber layer, n 30
First shape factor, S 36,4
Second shape factor, S 5,0
Shear stiffness, K (N/mm × 10 ) 2,44
h
Equivalent damping ratio, h 0,225
eq
Compressive stiffness, K (N/mm × 10 ) 5 450
v
K and h values are under shear strain of 100 %.
h eq
In this case, requirement for scales A and B test piece are shown in Table 4 of ISO 22762-3:2018.
Examples of dimensions and properties of scales A and B are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Examples of Scales A and B for Isolator-X
Characteristics Scale A Scale B
Scale 0,25 0,6
Outer diameter, d (mm) 250 600
o
Inner diameter, d (mm) 0 (6,3) 15
i
Thickness of one rubber layer, t (mm) 1,7 4,0
r
Thickness of reinforcing steel plate, t (mm) 1,2 2,2
s
Number of rubber layer, n 30 30
First shape factor, S 36,4 36,4
Second shape factor, S 5,0 5,0
Shear stiffness, K (N/mm × 10 ) 0,61 1,46
h
Equivalent damping ratio, h 0,225 0,225
eq
Compressive stiffness, K (N/mm × 10 ) 1 360 3 270
v
For any dimension, variation of ± 5 % from exact scale-downed dimensions can be allowed.
The scaling of reinforcing plate for scale A can be adjusted if the effect on characteristics of isolator is
not significant. In the case of scale A in Table 2, the thickness of the plate is computed as 1,1 mm and
1,2 mm is adopted for the test piece.
Number of the test pieces required is not specified in the text. The recommended number of the test
pieces is shown in Table 3 when each test piece is tested individually. Table 3 is number of the test
pieces for single-shear testing arrangement. In the case that double-shear testing arrangement is used
for determining the shear properties, it is recommended that three tests are performed and the number
of test pieces doubled.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Table 3 — Recommended number of test pieces for each test item
Properties Number of test pieces
Compressive properties 3
Shear properties 3
Shear strain dependence 3
Dependency of shear properties Compressive stress dependence 3
Others 3
Dependency of compressive properties 3
Ultimate properties 3
Durability 2
In the case shown in Table 4, the available previous test results can be used for substitution of the test
required for the newly designed isolator.
Table 4 — An example of available previous type test results: Comparison of characteristics
between newly designed and previously tested isolator
Previously
Newly designed Newly designed
Characteristics tested Remarks
isolator (−) isolator (+)
isolator
Outer diameter, d (mm) 1 100 1 000 1 200 within ± 10 %
o
Inner diameter, d (mm) 25 25 27 within ± 10 %
i
Thickness of one rubber
7,0 6,7 7,5 within ± 10 %
layer, t (mm)
r
Thickness of reinforcing
4,4 4,4 4,8 within ± 10 %
plate, t (mm)
s
Number of rubber layer, n 30 30 30 same
First shape factor, S 38,4 36,4 42,0 within ± 10 %
Second shape factor, S 5,2 5,0 5,3 within ± 10 %
Maximum comp. stress for less than or equal to
30 25 30
test, σ (MPa) previous test
max
Minimum comp. stress for
−0,5 0,5 5,0 more than previous test
test, σ (MPa)
min
Maximum shear strain for
3,5 3,0 3,2 less than previous test
test, γ
max
6.3 Functional requirements
No guidance is given.
6.4 Design compressive force and design shear displacement
Design compressive force refers to the force under non-seismic conditions.
Any specification or guidance is not given regarding nominal stress, σ . Recommended process to
nom
specify σ is given as follows:
nom
a) σ is determined in the range less than 30 % of critical stress, σ . Maximum σ is less than or
nom cr nom
equal to 15 MPa;
b) Adequacy of σ is verified so that compressive stress dependency (change of shear property
nom
under 0,5 σ and 2,0 σ ) is acceptable. Maximum σ is less than or equal to 15 MPa.
nom nom nom
6.5 Performance requirements
6.5.1 General
No guidance is given.
6.5.2 Compressive properties
An example of HDR for 6.5.2 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on compressive properties is given.
a) Test piece and test conditions
Test piece is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 — Test piece
Outer Inner Second Compressive
First shape Number of
Type diameter diameter shape stress
factor test isolator
mm mm factor N/mm
HDR 700 15 36,4 5,0 12,0 1
Test conditions are given below:
— compressive stress amplitude: 12 MPa ± 30 %;
— number of cycles: 3 cycles;
— compressive stiffness, K , is computed from 3rd cycle.
v
b) Test results
The result for one type of HDR is shown in Figure 1 and Table 6.
Key
X vertical disp. (mm)
Y vertical load (kN)
Figure 1 — Compressive property test of HDR
Table 6 — Test results
Characteristics Test result
Compressive stiffness, K 4 592,0 kN/mm
v
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

6.5.3 Shear properties
An example of HDR for 6.2.2 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on shear properties is given.
a) Test piece and test conditions
Test piece is shown in Table 7.
Table 7 — Test piece
Outer Inner Second Compressive
First shape Number of
Type diameter diameter shape stress
factor test isolator
mm mm factor N/mm
HDR 700 15 36,4 5,0 12,0 1
Test conditions are given below:
— test vibration frequency: 0,023 Hz, triangular wave;
— compressive stress: 12 MPa;
— shear strain amplitude: ± 100 % (141 mm);
— number of cycles: 3 cycles;
— shear stiffness, K , and damping ratio, h , are computed from 3rd cycle;
h eq
— test results were corrected to their counterpart with 0,33 Hz by the specified method in
ISO 22762-3:2018, 6.5.5.3;
— test results were corrected to the corresponding value of the property at 23 °C by the specified
method in ISO 22762-3:2018, 6.5.5.5.
The results for one type of HDR are shown in Figure 2 and Table 8.
Key
X horizontal disp. (mm)
Y horizontal load (kN)
Figure 2 — Shear property test of HDR
Table 8 — Test results
Characteristics Test results
Shear stiffness, K 4 592,0 kN/mm
h
Equivalent damping ration, h 0,21
eq
6.5.4 Tensile properties
6.5.4.1 In case of LNR
Examples of LNR for 6.5.4 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on shear properties are given.
a) Test pieces and test conditions
Test pieces are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 — Test pieces
Outer diameter
Type S S
1 2
mm
500 32,0 5,1
LNR
800 31,7 5,1
b) Test results
Test results are shown in Figures 3 a) and b) and Table 10.
a) Relationship of tensile stress and tensile
b) Measurement of tensile yield stress
strain of LNR under shear-strain offset of 100 %
Key
X tensile strain ε
Y tensile stress (N/mm )
Figure 3 — Tensile performance at γ = 100 % (sample: LNR-D500)
Table 10 — Test results
Tensile yield stress
Outer diameter
under shear strain of 100 %
mm
MPa
500 1,25
800 1,19
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

6.5.4.2 In case of HDR
Examples of HDR for 6.5.4 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on shear properties are given.
a) Test pieces and test conditions
Test pieces are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 — Test pieces
Outer diameter
Type S S
1 2
mm
800 36,1 4,0
HDR
600 36,6 3,0
b) Test results
Test results are shown in Figures 4 a) and b) and Table 12.
a) Relationship of tensile stress and tensile b) Measurement of tensile yield stress
strain of HDR under shear-strain offset of 100 %
Key
X tensile strain ε
Y tensile stress (N/mm )
Figure 4 — Tensile performance at γ = 100 % (sample: HDR-D500)
Table 12 — Test results
Tensile yield stress under
Outer diameter
shear strain of 100 %
mm
MPa
800 1,2
600 1,4
6.5.5 Dependencies of shear properties
6.5.5.1 Shear strain dependency
Examples of HDR for 6.5.5.1 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on shear strain dependency are given.
a) Test pieces and test conditions
1) Scaled model
Test pieces of scaled model are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 — Test pieces
Compressive Number of
Outer dia. First shape Second shape
Type stress isolators
mm factor factor
N/mm tested
225 35,2 3,3 9,3 1
HDR 225 35,2 5,0 15,0 2
225 35,2 8,3 15,0 1
Test conditions are given below:
— test vibration frequency: 0,33 Hz, sinusoidal wave;
— shear strain amplitude: γ = ± 10 %, ± 20 %, ± 50 %, ± 100 %, ± 150 %, ± 200 %, and ± 270 %;
— loading cycles: 3 cycles, respectively;
— reference cycle: 3rd cycle;
— test temperature: 20 °C;
— test results were corrected to the corresponding value of the property at 23 °C by the specified
method in ISO 22762-3:2018, 6.5.3.3.3.
2) Full scale isolators
Test pieces of full scale isolators are shown in Table 14.
Table 14 — Test pieces
Compressive Number of
Outer dia. First shape Second
Type stress isolators
mm factor shape factor
N/mm tested
600 36,6 3,0 6,6 1
800 36,1 4,0 12,1 1
HDR 1 000 36,4 5,0 15,0 1
1 200 35,8 6,0 15,0 1
1 600 36,5 6,4 15,0 1
Test conditions are given below and in Table 15.
— test wave: triangular wave;
— shear strain amplitude: γ = ± 50 %, ± 100 %, and ± 200 %;
— loading cycles: 3 cycles, respectively;
— reference cycle: 3rd cycle;
8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

— test vibration frequency: see Table 15;
— test results were corrected to their counterpart with 0,33 Hz by the specified method in
ISO 22762-3:2018, 6.5.5.3;
— test temperature: 25,3 °C, 25,6 °C, 24,5 °C, 22,5 °C and 24,0 °C for 600 mm, 800 mm, 1 000 mm,
1 200 mm and 1 600 mm of Outer diameter in Table 14, respectively;
— test results were corrected to the corresponding value of the property at 23 °C by the specified
method in ISO 22762-3:2018, 6.5.5.5.
Table 15 — Test velocities
Test velocity
mm/s
frequency (Hz)
Shear strain ±50 % ±100 % ±200 %
Velocity Outer dia.:
Frequency 600, 800,
13,0 13,0 10,0
1 000 and
[0,033) [0,017) [0,006)
1 200
Velocity Outer dia.: 13,0 13,0 10,0
Frequency
1 600 [0,026) [0,013) [0,005)
b) Test results
1) Scaled model
Figure 5 shows the test results by the scaled model specimens.
Key
X shear strain γ (−)
Y G (γ)/G (γ = 100 %)
eq eq
H (γ)/H (γ = 100 %)
eq eq
Figure 5 — Shear strain dependency of shear properties of HDR (scaled isolator)
The shear strain dependence of the shear properties (shear modulus, damping, and u function
introduced in ISO 22762-1:2018, Annex E) of HDR, as measured in dynamic loading tests are expressed
by polynomial functions of shear strain, as shown in Table 16.
Table 16 — An example of function for HDR
Properties at γ = 100 % Polynomial function
23 4
GG()γγ=×(,2 855−+3,,878 2 903γγ−+1,,016 0 136 4γ )
eq eq
G = 0,62 (N/mm )
eq
HH()γγ=×(,0 91500+−,,236 40 1804γγ+0,)02902
H = 0,240
eq eq
eq
u = 0,408
uu()γγ=×(,0 90280+−,,27110 20830γγ+ ,)034 21
c) Full scale isolator
The test results for the full scale isolators are shown in Table 17.
Table 17 — Test results: Horizontal characteristics normalized by value at 100 % strain
Shear strain
Diameter
Items
mm
±50 % ±200 %
K 1,40 0,84
eq
H 0,98 0,95
eq
K 1,27 0,91
eq
H 0,96 0,95
eq
K 1,37 0,91
eq
1 000
H 0,98 0,91
eq
K 1,38 0,89
eq
1 200
H 0,95 0,95
eq
K 1,35 0,91
eq
1 600
H 0,95 0,95
eq
6.5.5.2 Compressive stress dependency
Examples of HDR for 6.5.5.2 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on compressive stress dependency are given.
a) Test pieces and test conditions
Test pieces are shown in Table 18.
Table 18 — Test pieces
Total
Outer Inner Nominal compres-
thickness
Type diameter diameter S S sive stress, σ
1 2 s
of rubber
mm mm N/mm
mm
600 (15) 15 36,6 3,0 6,6 200
HDR 800 (20) 20 36,1 4,0 12,1 200
1 200 (55) 55 35,8 6,0 15,0 200
Test conditions are given below:
— shear strain amplitude: γ = 100 (%);
— reference cycle: 3rd (cycle).
b) Test results
Test results are shown in Table 19, Figures 6 a) and b).
10 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

a) Compressive stress dependency on shear b) Compressive stress dependency on equiva-
modulus G lent damping ratio H
eq eq
Key
X compressive stress σ (N/mm )
Y1 G /G
eq eq,0
Y2 H /H
eq eq,0
Figure 6 — Compressive stress dependency
Table 19 — Change in horizontal characteristics with respect to values at compressive stress, σ
s
Outer diam- Effect of compressive stress
eter Characteristics
σ = 0,5σ σ = 2σ
s s
mm
K 3,89 % −4,39 %
eq
600 (15)
H −2,30 % 12,6 %
eq
K 2,13 % −6,81 %
eq
800 (20)
H −4,76 % 21,5 %
eq
K −3,06 % −8,47 %
eq
1 200 (55)
H −10,5 % 11,6 %
eq
6.5.5.3 Frequency dependency
6.5.5.3.1 In case of HDR
Example of HDR for 6.5.5.3 of ISO 22762-3:2018 on frequency dependency is given.
a) Test piece and test conditions
Test piece is shown in Table 20. Shear block specimen can be used for the test.
Table 20 — Test piece
Outer First Second Compressive
Number of
Type diameter shape shape stress
test isolator
mm factor factor N/mm
HDR 225 35,2 5,0 15,0 2
Test conditions are given below:
— test vibration frequency: 0,01 Hz, 0,03 Hz, 0,1 Hz and 0,33 Hz, sinusoidal wave;
— shear strain amplitude: γ = ± 100 %;
— loading cycles: 3 cycles, respec
...