ISO/IEC 15288:2008
(Main)Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes
Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes
ISO/IEC 15288:2008 establishes a common framework for describing the life cycle of systems created by humans. It defines a set of processes and associated terminology. These processes can be applied at any level in the hierarchy of a system's structure. Selected sets of these processes can be applied throughout the life cycle for managing and performing the stages of a system's life cycle. This is accomplished through the involvement of all interested parties, with the ultimate goal of achieving customer satisfaction. ISO/IEC 15288:2008 also provides processes that support the definition, control and improvement of the life cycle processes used within an organization or a project. Organizations and projects can use these life cycle processes when acquiring and supplying systems. ISO/IEC 15288:2008 concerns those systems that are man-made and may be configured with one or more of the following: hardware, software, data, humans, processes (e.g., processes for providing service to users), procedures (e.g., operator instructions), facilities, materials and naturally occurring entities. When a system element is software, the software life cycle processes documented in ISO/IEC 12207:2008 may be used to implement that system element. ISO/IEC 15288:2008 and ISO/IEC 12207:2008 are harmonized for concurrent use on a single project or in a single organization.
Ingénierie des systèmes et du logiciel — Processus du cycle de vie du système
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15288
IEEE
Std 15288-2008
Second edition
2008-02-01
Systems and software engineering —
System life cycle processes
Ingénierie des systèmes et du logiciel — Processus du cycle de vie
du système
Reference number
ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE
Std 15288-2008
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288:2008
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288™-2008
(Revision of
IEEE Std 15288-2004)
Systems and software engineering — System life cycle
processes
Sponsor
Software & Systems Engineering Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
© ISO/IEC 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
© IEEE 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
Abstract: This International Standard establishes a common process framework for describing the life
cycle of man-made systems. It defines a set of processes and associated terminology for the full life cycle,
including conception, development, production, utilization, support and retirement. This standard also
supports the definition, control, assessment, and improvement of these processes. These processes can
be applied concurrently, iteratively, and recursively to a system and its elements throughout the life cycle of
a system.
Keywords: acquisition, agreement, architectural design, assessment, audit, configuration management,
decision management, development, disposal, enabling system, implementation, information management,
infrastructure, integration, life cycle, life cycle model, life cycle stages, maintenance, measurement,
operation, planning, process, process improvement, process reference model, process tailoring, process
view, product, project portfolio, quality management, requirements, retirement, risk management, service,
stages, stakeholder requirements, supply, system, system structure, system-of-interest, tailoring, transition,
validation, verification
This document is an International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO and the IEEE. Except as permitted under the
applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO/IEC-IEEE standard nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored in a
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written permission being secured. Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO or the IEEE at the
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Copyright © 2008 ISO/IEC-IEEE. All rights reserved.
Published 31 January 2008. Printed in the United States of America.
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
International Standard ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established
by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology,
ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15288 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 7, Systems and software engineering.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 15288:2002), which has been technically
revised.
The IEEE Computer Society collaborated with ISO/IEC JTC 1 in the development of this International
Standard. IEEE Std 15288-2004, Adoption of ISO/IEC 15288:2002, Systems Engineering—System Life Cycle
Processes, was one of the base documents used in the development of this International Standard.
Changes in this revision of ISO/IEC 15288 were developed in conjunction with a corresponding revision of
ISO/IEC 12207. The purpose of these revisions is to better align the two International Standards to facilitate
their joint use. This alignment takes the first step toward harmonization of the structures and contents of the
two International Standards, while supporting the requirements of the assessment community. This alignment
provides the foundation to facilitate evolution to an integrated and fully harmonized treatment of life cycle
processes.
This International Standard was developed with the following goals:
⎯ provide a common terminology between the revision of the ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO/IEC 12207;
⎯ where applicable, provide common process names and process structure between the revision of the
ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO/IEC 12207;
⎯ enable user community to evolve towards fully harmonized standards, while maximizing backward
compatibility, and
⎯ leverage ten years of experience with the development and use of ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO/IEC 15288.
A subsequent revision is intended to achieve a fully harmonized view of the system and software life cycle
processes. Identified areas to consider in the future include: common process purposes and outcomes,
architecture of the standards, level of prescription of activities and tasks, life cycle treatments, treatment of
products and services, common verification and validation concepts, common configuration management
concepts, deferred recommendations, alignment with other applicable standards, and rationalization of
application guides.
© ISO/IEC 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
© IEEE 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
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IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus
development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
Introduction
The complexity of man-made systems has increased to an unprecedented level. This has led to new
opportunities, but also to increased challenges for the organizations that create and utilize systems. These
challenges exist throughout the life cycle of a system and at all levels of architectural detail. They arise from
several sources:
⎯ There are inherent differences among the hardware, software and human elements from which systems
are constructed.
⎯ Almost every present-day system contains, and/or is modelled and supported by computer-based
technology.
⎯ There is a lack of harmonization and integration of the involved disciplines, including science, engineering,
management and finance.
There is therefore a need for a common framework to improve communication and cooperation among the
parties that create, utilize and manage modern systems in order that they can work in an integrated, coherent
fashion.
This International Standard provides a common process framework covering the life cycle of man-made
systems. This life cycle spans the conception of ideas through to the retirement of a system. It provides the
processes for acquiring and supplying systems. In addition, this framework provides for the assessment and
improvement of the life cycle processes.
This revised International Standard is an initial step in the SC7 harmonization strategy to achieve a fully
integrated suite of system and software life cycle processes and guidance for their application. This revision
aligns with the revision to ISO/IEC 12207 within the context of system life cycle processes and applies SC7
guidelines for process definition to support consistency, to improve usability and to align structure, terms, and
corresponding organizational and project processes.
The processes in this International Standard form a comprehensive set from which an organization can
construct system life cycle models appropriate to its products and services. An organization, depending on its
purpose, can select and apply an appropriate subset to fulfil that purpose.
This International Standard can be used in one or more of the following modes:
⎯ By an organization — to help establish an environment of desired processes. These processes can be
supported by an infrastructure of methods, procedures, techniques, tools and trained personnel. The
organization may then employ this environment to perform and manage its projects and progress systems
through their life cycle stages. In this mode this International Standard is used to assess conformance of
a declared, established environment to its provisions.
⎯ By a project — to help select, structure and employ the elements of an established environment to
provide products and services. In this mode this International Standard is used in the assessment of
conformance of the project to the declared and established environment.
⎯ By an acquirer and a supplier — to help develop an agreement concerning processes and activities. Via
the agreement, the processes and activities in this International Standard are selected, negotiated,
agreed to and performed. In this mode this International Standard is used for guidance in developing the
agreement.
⎯ By process assessors — to serve as a process reference model for use in the performance of process
assessments that may be used to support organizational process improvement.
This International Standard contains requirements in two clauses: Clause 6, that defines the requirements for
the system life cycle processes and Annex A that provides requirements for tailoring of this International
Standard. There are also several informative annexes contained in this International Standard:
© ISO/IEC 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
⎯ Annex B provides information about use of the system life cycle processes as a process reference model
to support process assessment.
⎯ Annex C provides a description of the process constructs used in this standard.
⎯ Annex D provides an example of a process view for Specialty Engineering, intended to illustrate how a
project might assemble processes, activities and tasks of ISO/IEC 15288 to provide focused attention to
the achievement of product characteristics that have been selected as being of special interest.
⎯ Annex E describes the alignment of the processes of ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO/IEC 12207.
⎯ Annex F describes relationships to other IEEE standards.
NOTE A future Technical Report (ISO/IEC TR 24748) will describe the relations between this International Standard
and ISO/IEC 12207:2008.
© ISO/IEC 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
IEEE Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 15288™-2008, Systems and Software Engineering — Systems Life Cycle
Processes.
IEEE Std 12207™-2008 and IEEE Std 15288™-2008 are identical to ISO/IEC 12207:2008 and
ISO/IEC 15288:2008. Therefore, all references to ISO/IEC 12207 or ISO/IEC 15288 apply equally well to their
IEEE counterparts. Further details regarding relationships to IEEE standards can be found in Annex F.
This standard replaces IEEE Std 15288™-2004, Adoption of ISO/IEC 15288:2002, Systems Engineering—
System Life Cycle Processes. The original ISO/IEC 15288 was published in November 2002 and was the first
international standard to provide a comprehensive set of life cycle processes for systems.
This new revision of ISO/IEC 15288 is the product of a coordinated effort by IEEE and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7.
The base documents for the revision included the ISO/IEC standard and informative material from the 2004
IEEE adoption. Development of this revision was carefully coordinated with the parallel revision of ISO/IEC
12207:1995 to align structure, terms, and corresponding organizational and project processes.
This revised standard is a step in the SC7 harmonization strategy to achieve a fully integrated suite of system
and software life cycle processes and guidance for their application. It is also an important step in the shared
strategy of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 and the IEEE to harmonize their respective collections of standards. The new
editions of ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO/IEC 15288, and their identical IEEE editions, will provide a single, shared
baseline of systems and software life cycle processes applicable to both ISO/IEC and the IEEE standards
collections.
Notice to users
Errata
Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://
standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata
periodically.
Interpretations
Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/
index.html.
Patents
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter
covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or
validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents
or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting
inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.
© ISO/IEC 2008 ⎯ All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
Contents Page
Introduction.vi
1 Overview.1
1.1 Scope.1
1.2 Purpose .1
1.3 Field of application.1
1.4 Limitations .2
2 Conformance.2
2.1 Intended usage .2
2.2 Full conformance.2
2.3 Tailored conformance.2
3 Normative references.3
4 Terms and definitions .3
5 Key concepts and application of this International Standard .7
5.1 System concepts.7
5.1.1 Introduction.7
5.1.2 Systems.7
5.1.3 System Structure.8
5.1.4 Enabling systems.9
5.2 Life cycle concepts .10
5.2.1 System life cycle model.10
5.2.2 System life cycle stages .10
5.3 Process concepts.11
5.3.1 Description of processes.11
5.3.2 Processes in this standard.11
5.3.3 Process application.13
5.3.4 Process tailoring .14
6 System Life Cycle Processes.14
6.1 Agreement Processes.14
6.1.1 Acquisition Process.15
6.1.2 Supply Process.16
6.2 Organizational Project-Enabling Processes.18
6.2.1 Life Cycle Model Management Process.18
6.2.2 Infrastructure Management Process.19
6.2.3 Project Portfolio Management Process .20
6.2.4 Human Resource Management Process.22
6.2.5 Quality Management Process .23
6.3 Project Processes .24
6.3.1 Project Planning Process .25
6.3.2 Project Assessment and Control Process.27
6.3.3 Decision Management Process .29
6.3.4 Risk Management Process.30
6.3.5 Configuration Management Process.32
6.3.6 Information Management Process.33
6.3.7 Measurement Process .34
6.4 Technical Processes.35
6.4.1 Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process .36
6.4.2 Requirements Analysis Process.39
6.4.3 Architectural Design Process .40
6.4.4 Implementation Process.42
6.4.5 Integration Process.44
6.4.6 Verification Process.45
6.4.7 Transition Process .46
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ISO/IEC 15288:2008(E)
IEEE Std 15288-2008
6.4.8 Validation Process. 47
6.4.9 Operation Process. 49
6.4.10 Maintenance Process . 50
6.4.11 Disposal Process. 52
Annex A (normative) Tailoring Process.
...
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