ISO/FDIS 21725-1
(Main)Simplified design of prestressed concrete bridges
Simplified design of prestressed concrete bridges
Conception simplifiée des ponts en béton précontraint
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 21725-1
ISO/TC 71/SC 5
Simplified design of prestressed
Secretariat: KATS
concrete bridges —
Voting begins on:
2021-07-12
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
I-girder bridges
2021-09-06
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 21725-1:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
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ISO/FDIS 21725-1:2021(E)
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ISO/FDIS 21725-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................viii
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................................................................................................................1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ...........................................................................................................................................................6
5 Design and construction procedure ..............................................................................................................................................10
5.1 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................................................10
5.2 Design documentation ..................................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.2 Calculation report ........................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.3 Geotechnical report ....................................................................................................................................................12
5.2.4 Structural drawings ....................................................................................................................................................13
5.2.5 Specifications ...................................................................................................................................................................13
6 General provisions...........................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.1 Limitations ...............................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.1.2 Permitted use ...................................................................................................................................................................13
6.1.3 Maximum number of spans .................................................................................................................................13
6.1.4 Maximum span length ..............................................................................................................................................13
6.1.5 Maximum difference in span length .............................................................................................................13
6.1.6 Maximum cantilever length .................................................................................................................................14
6.1.7 Maximum height of bridge ...................................................................................................................................14
6.1.8 Maximum number of lanes ..................................................................................................................................14
6.1.9 Width limitations ...................................................................... ....................................................................................14
6.1.10 Clearances ...........................................................................................................................................................................14
6.1.11 Maximum skew angle ...............................................................................................................................................15
6.1.12 Maximum bridge horizontal curvature .....................................................................................................15
6.1.13 Cross-section variation ............................................................................................................................................15
6.1.14 Interaction between superstructure and substructure ...............................................................15
6.2 Limit states ..............................................................................................................................................................................................15
6.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................15
6.2.2 Deflection serviceability verification ..........................................................................................................16
6.3 Ultimate limit state design format ......................................................................................................................................17
6.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................17
6.3.2 Required factored loads ..........................................................................................................................................18
6.3.3 Design strength ..............................................................................................................................................................18
6.4 Serviceability limit state design format ..........................................................................................................................18
7 Structural systems and layout .............................................................................................................................................................19
7.1 Description of the components of the structure .....................................................................................................19
7.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................19
7.1.2 Superstructure system.............................................................................................................................................19
7.1.3 Substructure system ..................................................................................................................................................19
7.1.4 Foundation .........................................................................................................................................................................19
7.2 General guide .........................................................................................................................................................................................19
7.2.1 Architectural guide .....................................................................................................................................................19
7.2.2 General structural guides for the project .................................................................................................20
7.3 Structural layout .................................................................................................................................................................................20
7.3.1 General structural layout .......................................................................................................................................20
7.3.2 Vertical layout ..................................................................................................................................................................21
7.3.3 Cross beams ......................................................................................................................................................................22
7.4 Feasibility under the document ............................................................................................................................................22
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ISO/FDIS 21725-1:2021(E)
8 Actions (Loads) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................23
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................23
8.2 Dead loads ................................................................................................................................................................................................23
8.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................23
8.2.2 Structural elements ....................................................................................................................................................23
8.2.3 Non-structural elements ........................................................................................................................................23
8.3 Live loads ..................................................................................................................................................................................................24
8.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................24
8.3.2 Design truck ......................................................................................................................................................................24
8.3.3 Design lane load ............................................................................................................................................................24
8.3.4 Pedestrian bridges ......................................................................................................................................................25
8.3.5 Dynamic effect of live loads .................................................................................................................................25
8.4 Longitudinal forces ...........................................................................................................................................................................26
8.5 Earth pressure ......................................................................................................................................................................................26
8.6 Wind loads ...............................................................................................................................................................................................26
8.7 Earthquake inertial forces ..........................................................................................................................................................27
8.7.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................27
8.7.2 Seismic hazard ................................................................................................................................................................27
8.7.3 No seismic hazard zones: ......................................................................................................................................27
8.7.4 Low seismic hazard zones: ...................................................................................................................................27
8.7.5 Intermediate seismic hazard zones: ............................................................................................................27
8.7.6 High seismic hazard zones: ..................................................................................................................................28
8.7.7 Soil profile types............................................................................................................................................................32
8.7.8 Site effects ...........................................................................................................................................................................33
8.7.9 Design response spectral ordinates .............................................................................................................33
8.7.10 Seismic equivalent uniformly distributed load ..................................................................................34
8.7.11 Fundamental mode shape .....................................................................................................................................34
8.7.12 Lateral equivalent design forces ......................................................................................................................35
8.8 Jacking and post-tensioning forces .....................................................................................................................................35
8.8.1 Jacking forces ...................................................................................................................................................................35
8.8.2 Forces for post-tensioning anchorage ........................................................................................................36
8.9 Thermal forces .....................................................................................................................................................................................36
8.10 Load combinations ...........................................................................................................................................................................38
8.10.1 Ultimate loads .................................................................................................................................................................38
8.10.2 Service loads .....................................................................................................................................................................38
9 Design requirements .....................................................................................................................................................................................38
9.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................................................................38
9.2 Additional requirements .............................................................................................................................................................38
9.3 Materials for structural concrete .........................................................................................................................................38
9.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................38
9.3.2 Cement ...................................................................................................................................................................................38
9.3.3 Aggregates ..........................................................................................................................................................................39
9.3.4 Water .......................................................................................................................................................................................39
9.3.5 Steel reinforcement ....................................................................................................................................................39
9.3.6 Prestressing steel .........................................................................................................................................................39
9.3.7 Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers ..............................................................................................40
9.3.8 Ducts ........................................................................................................................................................................................41
9.3.9 Admixtures ...................................................................... ...................................................................................................41
9.3.10 Storage of materials ...................................................................................................................................................41
9.3.11 Minimum and maximum reinforcement bar diameter ................................................................41
9.4 Concrete mixture proportioning ..........................................................................................................................................42
9.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................42
9.4.2 Durability requirements .........................................................................................................................................42
9.4.3 Required average compressive strength ..................................................................................................43
9.4.4 Proportioning of the concrete mixture ......................................................................................................43
9.5 Concrete cover of reinforcement ..........................................................................................................................................44
9.5.1 Minimum concrete cover .......................................................................................................................................44
9.5.2 Special corrosion protection .................. .............................................................................................................45
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ISO/FDIS 21725-1:2021(E)
9.6 Minimum reinforcement bend diameter .......................................................................................................................45
9.7 Standard hook dimensions ........................................................................................................................................................46
9.8 Bar spacing and maximum aggregate size ...................................................................................................................48
9.8.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................48
9.8.2 Maximum nominal coarse aggregate size ...............................................................................................48
9.8.3 Minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer ..........................................................48
9.8.4 Minimum clear spacing between parallel layers of reinforcement ...................................48
9.8.5 Minimum clear spacing between longitudinal bars in columns ..........................................49
9.8.6 Clear spacing between parallel lap splices .............................................................................................49
9.8.7 Maximum flexural reinforcement spacing in solid slabs ............................................................49
9.8.8 Maximum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement spacing in solid slabs ..........50
9.8.9 Maximum reinforcement spacing in structural concrete walls ............................................50
9.8.10 Minimum spacing of prestressing tendons and ducts ..................................................................51
9.8.11 Maximum spacing of prestressing tendons in slabs.......................................................................52
9.8.12 Couplers in post-tensioning tendons ..........................................................................................................52
9.9 Development length, lap splicing and anchorage of reinforcement.......................................................52
9.9.1 Development length ...................................................................................................................................................52
9.9.2 Lap splice dimensions ..............................................................................................................................................54
9.9.3 Minimum standard hook anchorage distance .....................................................................................55
9.10 Limits for longitudinal reinforcement .............................................................................................................................55
9.10.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................55
9.10.2 Solid slabs and footings...........................................................................................................................................56
9.10.3 Girders, beams and joists ......................................................................................................................................57
9.10.4 Columns ................................................................................................................................................................................59
9.10.5 Structural concrete walls .......................................................................................................................................59
9.11 Minimum amounts of transverse reinforcement ...................................................................................................60
9.11.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................60
9.11.2 Slabs .........................................................................................................................................................................................60
9.11.3 Girders, beams and joists ......................................................................................................................................60
9.11.4 Columns ................................................................................................................................................................................60
9.11.5 Structural concrete walls .......................................................................................................................................63
10 Stress limitations ..............................................................................................................................................................................................63
10.1 Stress limitations for prestressing tendons ................................................................................................................63
10.2 Stress limitations for concrete ................................................................................................................................................64
10.2.1 For temporary stresses before losses-fully prestressed components ............................66
10.2.2 For stresses at serviceability limit state after losses-fully prestressedcomponents .......................................................................................................................................................................67
11 Loss of prestress ................................................................................................................................................................................................68
11.1 Total loss of prestress.....................................................................................................................................................................68
11.2 Instantaneous losses .......................................................................................................................................................................69
11.2.1 Anchorage set ..................................................................................................................................................................69
11.2.2 Friction ..................................................................................................................................................................................69
11.2.3 Elastic shortening ........................................................................................................................................................70
11.3 Approximate estimate of time-dependent losses ..................................................................................................70
12 Details of tendon ................................................................................................................................................................................................73
12.1 Tendon confinement .......................................................................................................................................................................73
12.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................73
12.1.2 Effects of curved tendons ......................................................................................................................................74
12.2 External tendon supports ............................................................................................................................................
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